Italian Grammar Chapter 13: Conditional Present – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What is the difference between "andare in machina" and "guidare"? How do the boys go (get) to the university? They drive. I don't drive TO Milan. I don't drive IN Milan.
answer
"Andare in macchina" is used when a destination is implied or expressed. "Guidare" is used with no destination is involved. p. 258 Come vanno all'università i ragazzi? Vanno in macchina. Non vado a Milano in macchina. Non guido a Milano.
question
The present conditional corresponds to the English what? p. 260 How is the present conditional formed? What is common with the future tense? Conjugate: lavorare, scrivere, finire.
answer
The present conditional corresponds to the English would + verb (I would work). Like the future tense, the present conditional is formed by dropping the final -e of the infinitive and adding a set of endings that is identical for -are, -ere, & -ire verbs: ...ei, ...esti, ...ebbe, ...emmo, ...este, ...ebbero. As in the future tense, verbs ending in -are change the "a" of the infinitive ending to "e". Lavorerei ................ Scrivere .................Finire lavorerei ................. scriverei ................ finirei lavoreresti ............. scriveresti ............ finiresti lavorerebbe ......... scriverebbe ........ finirebbe lavoreremmo ....... scriveremmo ...... finiremmo lavorereste ............scrivereste ........... finireste lavorerebbero .... scriverebbero .... finirebbero
question
The conditional stem is always the same as WHAT even in the case of irregular verbs. You don't know what I would do to not drive! They would come to pick you up at eight.
answer
The conditional stem is always the same as the FUTURE STEM, even in the case of irregular verbs. Non sai cosa farei per non guidare. Verrebbero a prenderti alle otto.
question
For verbs ending in -care, & -gare and in -ciare, -giare & -sciare the same spelling changes that occur in WHAT also occur in the conditional? p. 261 I would never forget my car keys. We would pay now, but we can't. Where would you park? They would begin at 5:00.
answer
For verbs ending in -care, & -gare and in -ciare, -giare & -sciare the same spelling changes that occur in THE FUTURE TENSE also occur in the conditional. Non dimenticherei mai le chiavi della macchina. Pagheremmo ora, ma non possiamo. Dove parcheggeresti? Comincerebbero alle cinque.
question
In general, the present conditional is used (like it's English equivalent) to express WHAT? p. 261 Would you lend me your car?
answer
In general, the present conditional is used (like it's English equivalent) to Express POLITE REQUESTS, WISHES, and PREFERENCES. Mi presteresti la tua macchina?
question
When expressing the Italian equivalent of the English "would" in a context in which the word does not have a conditional meeting, what are the two possible constructions? p. 261 Every summer we would (used to) spend our vacation in Pescara. They asked us to show them our notes, but we wouldn't (refused to) do it.
answer
When expressing the Italian equivalent of the English "would" in a context in which the word does not have a conditional meeting, there are 2 possible constructions: The Imperfetto: Ogni estate passavamo le vacanze a Pescara. The Passato Prossimo: Ci hanno chiesto di fargli vedere i nostri appunti, ma non abbiamo voluto fare.
question
Why is the present conditional of dovere, potere & volere often used instead of the present tense? p 262
answer
The present conditional of dovere, potere & volere is often used instead of the present tense to soften the impact of a statement or request.
question
Dovere: Dovrei means WHAT or WHAT (in addition to WHAT), in contrast to the present tense devo (I must, I have to). p. 262 The city government should provide more containers for recyclable materials. We are to look for a parking spot right away. People should respect the environment.
answer
Dovere: Dovrei means I SHOULD or I OUGHT (in addition to I WOULD HAVE TO), in contrast to the present tense devo (I must, I have to.) Il Comune dovrebbe fornire più contenitori per i materiali riciclabili. Dovremmo cercare subito un parcheggio. Si dovrebbe rispettare l'ambiente.
question
Potete: Potrei is equivalent to English WHAT, WHAT and WHAT? p. 262 Could you give me the train schedule? If you want, I could go pick up Giulia.
answer
Potete: Potrei is equivalent to English I COULD, I WOULD BE ABLE and I WOULD BE ALLOWED. Potresti darmi l'orario dei treni? Se vuoi, potrei andare io a prendere Giulia.
question
Volere: Vorrei means WHAT or WHAT; it is much more polite than the present tense form voglio. p.263 I would like to recycle more. Would you like to come to a party at my house? Note: "would like" can also be expressed using the conditional form of WHAT? Would you like to go on vacation in a tropical climate? I would like to see a national park.
answer
Volere: Vorrei means I WOULD WANT or I WOULD LIKE. Vorrei riciclare di più. Vorresti venire ad una festa a casa mia? Note: "would like" can also be expressed using the conditional form of PIACERE. Ti piacerebbe andare in vacanza in un clima tropicale? Mi piacerebbe vedere un parco nazionale.
question
In English both the passed tense and the conditional of "can" are expressed with "could". In Italian these tenses are clearly differentiated. p. 263 Yesterday I couldn't study; today I could do it but I don't want to.
answer
In the example, the passato prossimo expresses a completed action and the condizionale expresses conjecture about the present or the future. Ieri non ho potuto studiare; oggi lo potrei fare ma non ne ho voglia.
question
The condizionale passato conditional perfect: (I would have worked, they would have left) is formed how? p. 265 Conjugate "lavorare" with avere & "partire" with essere.
answer
The condizionale passato (conditional perfect: I would have worked, they would have left) is formed with the conditional of avere or essere + past participle. ...........,AVERE//.......................ESSERE avrei .............//........................sarei............. partito/a avresti...........//........................saresti.......... avrebbe........ lavorato.........sarebbe....... partito/a avremmo......//.....................saremmo..... partiti/e avreste..........//.....................sareste.......... avrebbero...//.............. ......sarebbero... partiti/e Cx
question
The Italian conditional perfect corresponds to English WHAT? p. 265 I would have asked a stranger for a lift, but I was afraid. I would have stopped at the gas station, but I still had enough gas.
answer
The Italian conditional perfect corresponds to English WOULD HAVE + VERB. Avrei chiesto un passaggio a uno sconosciuto, ma avevo paura. Mi sarei fermata al distributore ma avevo ancora abbastanza benzina.
question
DOVERE, POTERE, VOLERE p. 265 The conditional perfect of dovere + infinitive is equivalent to English WHAT or WHAT + WHAT? The traffic officer should have given him a ticket. The restaurant should have recycled the bottles. The conditional perfect of potere + infinitive is equivalent to English WHAT + WHAT? We could have danced all night. Marco could have phoned earlier. The conditional perfect of volere + infinitive is equivalent to English WHAT + WHAT? My grandfather would have liked to drive a Maserati.
answer
The conditional perfect of dovere + infinitive is equivalent to English SHOULD HAVE or OUGHT TO HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. Il vigile avrebbe dovuto fargli la multa. Il ristorante avrebbe dovuto riciclare le bottiglie. The conditional perfect of potere + infinitive is equivalent to English COULD (MIGHT) HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. Avremmo potuto ballare tutta la notte. Marco avrebbe potuto telefonare prima. The conditional perfect of volere + infinitive is equivalent to English WOULD HAVE LIKED TO + INFINITIVE. Mio nonno avrebbe voluto guidare una Maserati.
question
In Italian, the conditional perfect (instead of the present conditional, as in English) is used in indirect discourse to express WHAT? p. 265 Mechanic said, "I'll fix the car by Monday evening." The mechanic said that he would fix the car by Monday evening. My wife said, "we'll run out of gas!" My wife said that we would run out of gas.
answer
In Italian, the conditional perfect (instead of the present conditional, as in English) is used in indirect discourse to express A FUTURE action seen from a point in the past. Il meccanico ha detto: <>. Il meccanico ha detto che avrebbe riparato la macchina entro lunedì sera. Mia moglie ha detto: <> Mia moglie ha detto che saremmo rimasti senza benzina.
question
Possessive pronouns (i pronomi possessivi), like possessive adjectives, express WHAT? They correspond to English WHATx7? In Italian they are identicle in form to WHAT? A possessive pronoun, however, stands WHAT? while possessive adjectives always accompany WHAT? Possessive pronouns agree how? p. 267 He went out with his girlfriend; I went out with mine. You love your country and we love ours. You have your problems, but I have mine too. I spent my vacation in Greece; Georgio spent his in Turkey.
answer
Possessive pronouns (i pronomi possessivi), like possessive adjectives, express OWNERSHIP. They correspond to English MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, IT'S, OURS and THEIRS. In Italian they are identical in form to POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. A possessive pronoun, however, stands ALONE, well possessive adjectives always accompany A NOUN. Possessive pronouns agree in gender and number with the nouns they replace. Lui è uscito con la sua RAGAZZA; io sono uscito con LA MIA. Tu ami il tuo PAESE e noi amiamo IL NOSTRO. Tu hai tuoi PROBLEMI, ma anch'io ho I MIEI. Ho passato la mie VACANZE in Grecia; Giorgio ha passato LE SUE in Turchia.
question
Possessive pronouns normally retain WHAT? even when they refer to relatives. p. 267 My wife is well; how is yours? There's our father; where is yours?
answer
Possessive pronouns normally retain THE ARTICLE even when they refer to relatives. Mia moglie sta bene; come sta la Sua? Ecco nostro padre; dov'è il vostro?
question
When possessives are used after WHAT? to express ownership, what happens to the article? p. 267 Is that car yours? Are those children yours?
answer
When possessive are used after ESSERE to express ownership, the article is usually omitted. E' sua quella macchina? SONO suoi quei bambini?
