Italian Special Uses Of The Future – Flashcards
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What are the six future tense endings? p. 203 And how do they attach to the infinitive? How long are you going to stay in Italy? We'll stop over in Greece.
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... ò, ... ai, ... à ... emo ... ete, ... anno. The final e of the infinitive is dropped and the endings are added to the stem. In the case of 'are' verbs the 'a' is changed to 'e' and then the ending is attached. Quanto tempo resterai in Italia? Faremo una tappa in Grecia.
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What is a good way to remember the future case endings? p. 203
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Good way to remember the ending just note their relationship to the verb avere: p:203 ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno
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Conjugate the future tense of: giocare p. 204
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io giocherò, tu giocherai, lui / lei giocherà , noi giocheremo, voi giocherete, loro giocheranno.
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Conjugate the future tense of: pagare p. 204
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io pagherò, tu pagherai, lui / lei pagherà , noi pagheremo, voi pagherete, loro pagheranno.
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Conjugate the future tense of: cominciare p. 204
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io comincerò, tu comincerai, lui / lei comincerà , noi cominceremo, voi comincerete, loro cominceranno.
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Conjugate the future tense of: mangiare. p. 204
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io mangerò, tu mangerai, lui / lei mangerà , noi mangeremo, voi mangerete, loro mangeranno.
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Some two syllable verbs that end in .. 'are' keep the characteristic 'a' of the infinitive ending. The conjugation is similar to that of essere in the future. p 204
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ESSERE. .....DARE. .....FARE. ......STARE. (sar-)............ (dar-)....... (far-).........(sta-) sarò, .............darò, ........farò,..........starò, sarai, ............darai, ....... farai,.........starai, sarà , .............darà , ..........farà ,.........starà , saremo, ......daremo, ....faremo,.. staremo, sarete, .........darete, ......farete,...... starete, saranno. .....daranno. ...faranno.... staranno. Xx
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Some verbs have irregular stems but use the regular future endings. p. 204
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ANDARE. .....AVERE. .....DOVERE. ...POTERE. (andr-)............ (avr-)....... (dovr-).........(potr-) andrò, .............avrò, ........dovrò,..........potrò, andrai, ............avrai, ....... dovrai,.........potrai, andrà , .............avrà , ..........dovrà ,.........potrà , andremo, ......avremo, ....dovremo,.. potremo, andrete, .........avrete, ......dovrete,...... potrete, andranno. .....avranno. ...dovranno.... potranno. Xx
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Some verbs have irregular stems but use the regular future endings. p. 204
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VEDERE. .....VENIRE. .....VOLERE. ...POTERE. (vedr-)............ (verr-)....... (vorr-).........(potr-) vedrò, .............verrò, ........vorrò,..........potrò, vedrai, ............verrai, ....... vorrai,.........potrai, vedrà , .............verrà , ..........vorrà ,.........potrà , vedremo, ......verremo, .... vorremo,.. potremo, vedrete, .........verrete, ......vorrete,...... potrete, vedranno. .....verranno. ...vorranno.... potranno. Xx
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In Italian, the future tense is often used to express WHAT? , or to speculate or guess about WHAT?. In English, probability is expressed with such words as probably, can, or must; in Italian the future tense alone is used. . p. 206 I haven't seen Amelia for a long time. Where could she be? Perhaps she is on vacation? The gentleman probably want a room with a bath, right? I wonder what time it is? It's probably 11 o'clock. X
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In Italian the future tense is often used to express what is PROBABLY TRUE or to speculate or guess about what COULD BE TRUE. Non vedo Amelia da molto tempo. Dove sarĂ ? Forse sarĂ in vacanza. I signori vorranno una camera con bagno, vero? Che ore saranno? Saranno le undici.
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The future tense is commonly used when referring to the future in dependant clauses with WHAT and WHAT and frequently after WHAT when the verb of the main cause is in the future tense. Note that in English, by contrast, the present tense is used in such cases. p. 206 When he gets here, he'll be tired. If it's hot, we'll sit in the shade. They'll write as soon as they can.
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The future tense is commonly used when referring to the future in the dependant clause with QUANDO and APPENA, and frequently after SE, when the verb of the main cause is in the future tense. p. 206 Quando arriverĂ , sarĂ stanco. Se farĂ caldo, ci sederemo all'ombra. Scriveranno appena potranno.
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The "si" construction is used very commonly in Italian to express WHAT? This usage corresponds to the English: one, they or people, or we or they used impersonally, as in: They should lower taxes, and We avoid stereotypes. Whether the verb is singular or plural depends on WHAT? p. 208 In Italy they study the works of Dante in high school. Do you study Dante in the United States? At my house we often eat pasta. Do people eat tortellini in the United States? We'll reserve a single room We'll reserve two double rooms.
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The "si" construction is used very commonly in Italian to express an IMPERSONAL or UNSPECIFIED SUBJECT . This usage corresponds to the English: one, they or people, or we or they used impersonally, as in: They should lower taxes, and We avoid stereotypes. Whether the verb is singular or plural depends on the NOUN THAT FOLLOWS THE VERB . In Italia si studiano le opere di Dante al liceo. Si studia Dante negli Stati Uniti? A casa mia si mangia spesso la pasta. Si mangiano i tortellini negli stati uniti? Si prenoterĂ una camera singola. Si prenoteranno due camere doppie.
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The "si" construction also expresses common knowledge expressions such as "si sa che..., si capisce che... , and si vede che... . p. 208 It's common knowledge that it's difficult to get a cheap flight in high season. Maria hasn't arrived. It's clear that she had other things to do.
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Si sa che trovare un volo economico è difficile in alta stagione. Maria non è arrivata. Si vede che ha avuto altre cose da fare.
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In the "si" construction, dovere, potere, and volere are conjugated in the third person singular or plural, depending on WHAT? p. 209 Can one use the telephone? Can one buy books here?
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In the "si" construction, dovere, potere, and volere are conjugated in the third person singular or plural, depending on the OBJECT OF THE INFINITIVE. Si può usare il telefono? Si possono comprare i libri qui?
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The phrase "ci si" must be used when WHAT? (This construction developed WHY?) p. 209 One has fun in class.
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The phrase "ci si" must be used when A REFLEXIVE VERB IS USED IMPERSONALLY . (This construction developed TO AVOID SI SI.) Ci si diverte in classe.
