IT: Chapter Ten
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accounting
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organizational department that records all financial activity from billing customers to paying employees
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accounts payable
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activity that shows the money a company owes to its suppliers for the materials and services it has received
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accounts receivable
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activity that shows what money has been received or is owed by customers
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balance sheet
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lists the overall financial condition of an organization
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computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system
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knowledge work systems that run programs to integrate the design and manufacturing activities; widely used in manufacturing automobiles
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data
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raw, unprocessed facts that are input to a computer system that will give complied information when the computers processes those facts; also defined as facts or observations about people, places, things, and events
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data processing system (DPS)
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transaction processing system that keeps track of routine operations and records these events in a database; AKA transaction processing system (TPS)
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data worker
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person involved with the distribution and communication of information (ex. secretaries and clerks)
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decision model
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gives the decision support system its analytical capabilities; three types of models within: tactical, operational, strategic
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decision support system (DSS)
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flexible analysis tool that helps managers make decisions about unstructured problems (such as effects of events and trends outside the organization)
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demand report
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produced on request (ex. report on the numbers and types of jobs held by women and minorities done at the request of the government)
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exception report
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report that calls attention to unusual events
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executive information system (EIS)
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sophisticated software that can draw together data from an organization's databases in meaningful patterns and highly summarized forms
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expert system (knowledge-based system)
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computer program that provides advice to decision makers who would otherwise rely on human experts; type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users
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external data
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data gathered from outside an organization (ex. data provided by market research firms)
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general ledger
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activity that produces income statements and balance sheets based on all transactions of a company
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group decision support system (GDSS)
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system used to support the collective work of a team addressing large problems
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human resources
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organizational department that focuses on the hiring, training, and promoting of people, as well as any number of human-centered activities within the organization
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income statement
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statement that shows a company's financial performance, income, expenses, and the difference between them for a specific time period
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information system
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collection of hardware, software, people, data, and procedures that work together to provide information essential to running an organization
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information systems manager
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oversees the work of programmers, computer specialists, systems analysts, and other computer professionals
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information worker
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employee who creates, distributes, and communicates information
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internal data
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data from within an organization consisting principally of transactions from the transaction processing system
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inventory
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material or products that a company has in stock
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inventory control system
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system that keeps records of the number of each kind of part or finished good in the warehouse
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knowledge work system (KWS)
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specialized information system used to create information in a specific area of expertise
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knowledge base
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system that uses a database containing specific facts, rules to relate these facts, and user input to formulate recommendations and decisions
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knowledge-based system
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programs duplicating human knowledge; type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users
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knowledge worker
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person involved in the creation of information (such as engineer and scientist)
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management information system (MIS)
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computer-based information system that produces standardized reports in a summarized and structure form; generally used to support middle managers
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marketing
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organizational department that plans, prices, promotes, sells, and distributes an organization's goods and services
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middle management
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middle-level managers deal with control and planning; implement the long-term goals of the organization
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office automation system (OAS)
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system designed primarily to support data workers; focuses on managing documents, communicating, and scheduling
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operational model
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decision model that helps lower level managers accomplish the organization's day-to-day activities (such as evaluating and maintaining quality control)
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payroll
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activity concerned with calculating employee paychecks
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periodic report
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reports for a specific time period as to the health of the company or a particular department of the company
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production
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organizational department that actually creates finished goods and services using raw materials and personnel
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project manager
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software that enables users to plan, schedule, and control the people, resources, and costs needed to complete a project on time; is an OAS
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purchase order
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form that shows the name of the company supplying the material or service and what is being purchased
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purchasing
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buying of raw materials and services
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research
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organizational department that identifies, investigates, and develops new products and services
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sales order processing
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activity that records the demands of customers for a company's products or services
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strategic model
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decision model that assists top managers in long-range planning, such as stating company objectives or planning plant locations
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supervisor
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manager responsible for managing and monitoring workers; supervisors have responsibility for operational matters
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system software
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"background" software that enables the application software to interact with the computer; consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators; works with application software to handle the majority of technical details
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tactical model
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decision model that assists middle level managers to control the work of the organization (such as financial planning and sales promotion planning)
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top management
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concerned with long-range (strategic) planning; supervise middle management
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transaction processing system (TPS)
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system that records day-to-day transactions (such as customer orders, bills, inventory levels, production output); tracks operations and creates databases
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user
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any individual who uses a computer
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videoconferencing system
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computer system that allows people located at various geographic locations to have in-person meetings; is an OAS
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five departments for the five functions
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accounting, marketing, production, human resources, research
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three basic management levels
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top level, middle level, supervisors
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top level
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concerned with long-range planning and forecasting
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middle level
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deals with control, planning, decision making, and implementing long-term goals
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executive support systems (ESS)
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assist top-level executives; similar to MIS or DSS but easier to use
