IST – Flashcards
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Three dimensions of information systems
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Management. Organizations. And information technology.
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Sociotechnical perspective
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When the performance of a system is optimized when both the technology and the organization mutually adjust to one another until a satisfactory fit is obtained.
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Management information systems
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The Feild that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees
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Business process
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A set of logically related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work
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Information technology consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use to achieve its business objectives. Information systems are more complex. An information system system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process and store information to support decision making and control in an organization.
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Difference between information technology and information systems
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Information value chain
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Adds value to data at various stages, transforming it into valuable data
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People
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Key elements of an organization are its structure, business process, politics, culture, and....
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Business process
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A set of logically related activities for accomplishing a specific business result
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TPS
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If your main supplier was late in delivering goods, which type of system would you use to update your production schedule
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Transaction processing system
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Typically a major source of data for other systems
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Transaction processing system
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Track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are necessary to conduct business. Examples include payroll or order processing
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Management information system
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Provide the management control level with reports and access to the organizations current performance and historical records
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Management information systems
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Most reports from this condense information from TPS and are not highly analytical
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Decision support systems
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Support management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing and not specified easily in advance. They have more advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities than MIS and often draw on information from external as well as internal resources
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Executive support systems
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Support senior management by providing data of greatest importance to senior management decision makers often in the form of graphs and charts delivered by portals.
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Executive support systems
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They have limited analytical capabilities but can draw on sophisticated graphics software and many sources of internal and external information
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MIS and DSS
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TPS are a major source of data for other systems like
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ESS
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Receive data from lower level systems
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Collaboration tools
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Include email and IM along with social networking and platforms used for people to have discussions
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The development of new information technologies
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The interaction between information systems and organizations is influenced by
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Organization
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A stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs
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Organization
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Formal, legal entity with internal rules and procedures that must abide by laws
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Organization
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A collection of people and other social elements
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Routines
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Business processes are collections of
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Disruptive technologies
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Radically change the business landscape and environment
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Behavioral definition of an organization
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A collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and solution.
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Technical definition of an organization
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Sees an organization as an entity that takes inputs from the environment and processes these to create products that are then consumed by the environment.
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Organizational view sees capital and labor as interchangeable units with the ability to rearrange these units at will. Behavioral view sees that rearranging some aspects of the organization will have important consequences and changes for the organizations other units
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Differences between behavioral view and organization view
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Transaction costs
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When a firm buys on the marketplace what it cannot make itself, the costs incurred are referred to as
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Nexus of contracts among self interested individuals
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According to agency theory, the firm is viewed as an
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Tasks, technology, people, and structure
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According to research on organizational resistance, the four components that must be changed in an organization in order to successfully implement a new information system are
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Suppliers, new market entrants, customers, substitute products
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Competitive forces
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Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service
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Primary activities of a firm
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Primary activities
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Most directly related to the production and distribution of the firms products and services that create value for the customer. Include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing and service
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Support activities
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Make the delivery of the primary activities possible and consist of organization infrastructure, human resources, technology, and procurement
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They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws
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How new information systems result in legal gray areas
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It has s ripple effect. Raising new ethical, social, and political issues
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Effect that new information has on society
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The moral dimension of property rights and obligations
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The obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property
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Information rights and obligations. Property rights and obligations. Accountability and control. System quality. Quality of life.
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Five moral dimensions that are involved in political, social, and ethical issues
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Information rights and obligations
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Which moral dimension asks what rights do individuals and organizations have with respect to information pertaining to them?
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Property rights and obligations
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Which moral dimension asks how can intellectual property rights be protected when it is so easy to copy digital materials?
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Accountability and control
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Which moral dimension asks who will be held accountable and liability for the harm done to individual and collective information and property rights?
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System quality
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Which dimension asks what standards of data and system quality should we demand to protect individual rights and the safety of society?
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Quality of life
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Which moral dimension asks what values should be preserved, what institutions should be protected, and what cultures and values can be harmed?
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Responsibility
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What means that you accept the potential costs and obligations for the decisions you make?
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Accountability
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A feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action
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If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take
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Immanuel Kants categorical imperative
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Responsibility
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The first key element of ethical action. Means that an individual, group, or organization process accepts the potential costs, duties, and obligations for decisions made.
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Accountability
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A feature of systems and social Institutions. Means that mechanisms are in place to determine who took responsible action.
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Liability
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A feature of political systems in which a body of law is in place permits individuals to recover the damage done to them by others
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NORA
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A new data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between days in disparate sources
