IS 290 Ch. 7 – Flashcards
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Database
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maintains information about various types of objects, events, people, and places.
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Database management system (DBMS)
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creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security
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Data element/data field
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smallest or basic unit of information like customer names, address, email, discount rate, preferred shipping method, product name, quantity ordered, and so on
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Data models
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logical data structure that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures
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Meta data
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provides details about data
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Relational database model
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stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
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Relational database management system
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allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database
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Entity
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also called a table, stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event
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Attributes
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columns or fields, are the data elements associated with an entity
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Record
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collection of related data elements
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Primary key
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field that uniquely identifies a given record in a table
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Foreign key
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a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
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Physical view
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deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device
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Logical view
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focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs
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Information redundancy
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duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places
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Information integrity
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measure of the quality of information
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Integrity constraints
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rules that help ensure the quality of information
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Business rule
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defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either yes/no or true/false answer
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Business-critical integrity constraints
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enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity contraints
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Static
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fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action
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Dynamic
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data that change based on user actions
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Data driven website advantages
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Easy to manage content Easy to store large amounts of data Easy to eliminate human errors
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Integration
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allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other
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Forward integration
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takes info. entered into a system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems
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Backward integration
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takes info entered into a system and sends it automatically to all upstream system and processes
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Which of the following is incorrect in reference to a database?
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Information is accessed by physical structure.
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Databases can do what?
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support many logical views
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What type of integrity constraint does not allow someone to create an order for a nonexistent customer?
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relational-integrity constraint
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All of the following are advantages of database-stored information except:
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increased information redundancy
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Which of the following is a business-critical integrity constraint:
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The system will not allow returns of fresh produce after 15 days past delivery.
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What is it called when each transaction, entity, and event is represented only once in the information?
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Uniqueness
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What are the rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints?
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relational-integrity constraints
