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Portal

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A web portal, or simply a portal, is a special type of website that offers access to a vast range of content and services. Such as Yahoo! and MSN

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Client

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This process is an example of client/server computing, in which a client — the browser — requests services from another computer — the web server.Typically, a client is an application that runs on a computer or device, which requests resources or services from another computer or device.

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Server

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A server is a computer that "serves up," or provides, the requested resources or services.

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Host

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More specifically, the Internet is an interconnected network of networks, where each host — a computer directly connected to the Internet — has a number of other computers and devices connected to it (Figure 1-1). When

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Internet Protocol address

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An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique number that identifies a computer or device connected to the internet.

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Static IP address

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IP That doesn't change

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Dynamic IP address

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IP That does change, such as mobile devices.

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Copyright

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A copyright statement notifying visitors that all the content at the website is protected by copyright law.

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Text Links

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Text links generally appear underlined in a different color from other text on the webpage.

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Web Bug

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A web bug is a tiny hidden graphic embedded in a webpage. Third-party advertisers sometimes use web bugs to collect information about website visitors.Web bugs gather information, such as a computer or device's IP address, the type of browser used to retrieve the bug, the web address of the webpage from which the user came, and the time and date the user viewed the webpage. Unlike cookies, which you can locate and delete, web bugs are invisible. Although web bugs can customize a user's experience or gather statistics on the website, the invisible nature of web bugs fuels privacy debates.

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Internet

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The Internet is a global network of computers and mobile devices that allows individuals and businesses around the world to share information and other resources and conduct business transactions.

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Video sharing websites

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Video sharing websites, sometimes called video blogging websites, such as YouTube and Vimeo, allow users to share and comment on personal and professional videos.

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TCP/IP

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Every computer and device connected to the Internet uses Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP makes it possible for data to be transmitted to any Internet-connected computer or device, regardless of operating system or device type. Internet Protocol (IP) Sends packets and provides routers with the address information needed to deliver the packets. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Breaks data into packets, verifies packet integrity, and reassembles errorfree packets at their destination.

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Microblogging

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The most popular microblogging tool is Twitter. In addition to posting messages, users can employ hashtags to indicate that their message is part of a trending topic included in the service's search engine, as you learned previously.Hashtags can appear within or at the end of a message. Microblogging and other social media websites group related messages by hashtags

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Web

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The World Wide Web, commonly called the web, is a subset of the Internet. The web includes a vast collection of documents called webpages, which can include text, pictures, sound, animation, or video. A website is a collection of related webpages.

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Hyperlinks

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Webpages connect to other webpages using hyperlinks. A hyperlink, or link, is text or a picture on a webpage

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Search tool

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A search tool is a web-based resource that helps you find specific information on the web. One type of search tool is a search engine, such as Google or Bing, which you can use to search for webpages that contain specific keywords or phrases.

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Responsive web design

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Responsive web design (RWD) is a web design strategy. The goal of RWD is to create websites that adjust layout and, in some cases, content, to the device and screen displaying the webpages.

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Email program

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Massachusetts. Late in 1971, Ray Tomlinson, a scientist at BBN, developed the first email program that could send and receive messages to and from remote computers. Email instantly became popular among researchers because it allowed them to collaborate on the continual development of ARPANET.

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VPN

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Businesses can take advantage of many remote computing technologies to keep employees productive while they travel, work from home, or interact with colleagues located around the world. One technology is a virtual private network (VPN). A VPN provides a secure, encrypted connection between a remote user and a local area network. Web conferencing or video calling allows remote employees to participate in meetings, training sessions, and more.

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e-business

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Although people often use the terms e-business and e-commerce interchangeably, e-business can refer to any use of the Internet to conduct a company's business, whereas e-commerce refers to Internet use for the purpose of generating sales of goods or services, or creating and maintaining customer relations.

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B2C, B2B, B2E, & C2C

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Business-to-consumer (B2C) is when a consumer uses the Internet to interact with an online business. One business using the Internet to purchase goods and services or complete other transactions with another business is an example of business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce. One example of B2B is Iron Mountain, which provides document and file storage, among other services, to other businesses. An organization might also use the Internet for business-to-employee (B2E) functions, such as connecting its employees to its human resources system. Consumerto-consumer (C2C) occurs when a consumer uses the Internet to conduct business with another consumer.

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Packet switching

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Packet switching involves separating data from a sending computer or device into small units known as packets, sending each packet independently over cables, and then reassembling the packets on the receiving computer or device. Each packet even can follow different routes to its destination. According to Kleinrock, packet switching would make the network more robust and less vulnerable to attack because the data would move in individual packets over different routes, rather than over a single dedicated connection.

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Email client

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An email client is any program used to create, send, and receive email messages (Figure 4-1 on the following page). To use some email clients, you download and install the program or app on your computer or mobile device and instruct it to manage your incoming email from a server or a web-based email service.

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DNS

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The DNS name server translates or "resolves" the domain name to its numeric IP address and returns the IP address to the browser. Then, the request for a webpage travels to the web server that hosts the webpage. Name servers are part of the Domain Name System (DNS).

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IMAP mail server

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In contrast, an IMAP mail server provides mail management functions on the server. The server stores and manages a user's messages. Although the user reads, deletes, or sorts the messages using his or her email client, the action actually takes place on the IMAP server.

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POP server

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For example, an email client sends a request to a POP server, downloads all new messages, and stores the messages on the user's computer. The main disadvantage of a POP server is that after the user downloads messages to his or her computer or device, the user can view and manage the messages only using that computer or device.

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HTML-Formatted message

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An HTML-formatted message contains formatting, such as different fonts, font sizes, and font styles, as well as bulleted lists, indented paragraphs, and so forth. If you specify an HTML-formatted message, a Formatting toolbar might appear above the message composition box, as it does in Figure 4-3. Most email clients can read HTMLformatted messages, or can translate HTML-formatted messages into text-based ones. The figures in this book show HTML-formatted messages.

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Phishing

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is the use of spam to attempt to collect personally identifiable information, credit card numbers, bank account numbers, and so forth.

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Social networking

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Communicating with others through email, text or video chat, social networking, instant messaging, mailing lists, blogs and microblogs, and other media

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SMS & MMS

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Text and multimedia messaging, also called Short Message Service (SMS) and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), respectively, allow users to send short messages containing text only or text, audio, and video.

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IM program

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Several IM programs are in popular use, including AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), ICQ, Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, and Gchat

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VoIP

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VoIP (voice over internet telephony) is a technology used to make phone calls over the Internet. In order to use VoIP, you must have a broadband connection, a microphone, and a speaker. In addition, you need software or an app, such as Skypeto facilitate the phone call. You may need to purchase or install an additional VoIP router.

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Usenet server

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Each Usenet server, also called a news server, acts as a host to a number of newsgroups. In addition, each news server subscribes to any number of newsgroups from other news servers. Newsgroup postings include text postings and image, video, and movie file postings.

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List address

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When subscribing to an open list, the subscription begins automatically upon receipt of the subscription email message. Subscriptions to a closed list require approval by the list moderator. You also can send messages to the list address, which is an email address used to send messages for distribution to list subscribers.

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Cc & Bcc

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The To, Cc, Bcc, Subject, and Attach lines all are part of the message header. You can indicate whether to compose your message as plain text or as an HTML-formatted message.

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Windows Live Mail

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Windows Live Mail Installed Free, downloadable client for use with Windows operating system. Includes options to create picture email messages, as well as read web feeds and use web‐based email.

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Nonadjacent messages

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To select nonadjacent messages using a Windows PC or laptop, press and hold the ctrl key and tap or click each message to delete.

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Moderator/list owner

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A mailing list must have a moderator or list owner who handles administrative tasks.

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Hit

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Each webpage item listed in a search results list is a hit.

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Targeted vs. open-ended search

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For example, a targeted search seeks specific information using keyword combinations sch as "average rainfall" Amazon rainforest. This type of targeted search might require you to examine only a few webpages to find useful information. An open-ended search seeks information on a broader scale using a simple keyword such as rainforest. An open-ended search like this typically generates thousands of hits and requires you to review multiple webpages to gather appropriate information.

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Primary source

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A primary source is any document, item, or other data that provides firsthand information about a particular topic.

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Breadcrum trail

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A breadcrumb trail indicates the hierarchy or path of the current webpage.

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Web crawler

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In contrast to directories, which humans compile, a search engine uses software called a spider, bot (short for robot), or web crawler that browses the web, automatically adding the URLs and other information about webpages to a searchable index. Yahoo! Slurp, Googlebot, and Bingbot are all examples of web crawlers. Web crawlers provide and categorize content for search engines. Users do not interact directly with web crawlers.

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Metasearch engine

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A metasearch engine is a special type of search tool that compiles the search results from multiple search engines into a single search results list, effectively performing multiple different searches at once. Metasearch engines include Dogpile, Mamma.com

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shopping aggregator

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A search engine focused on shopping for products or services.

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Scope and quality

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Evaluating the scope of webpage content — the depth of coverage and the amount of detail provided — can help determine its value. The intended audience — whether children or adults, professionals or enthusiasts — often determines the scope of a website.

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