Intro to sociology final – Flashcards
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"Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.
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dysfunction; promotes sexism
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According to Mark Juergensmeyer's book, Terror in the mind of God,
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Extremist religious beliefs can grant a sense of control to people who otherwise feel powerless.
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According to the textbook, what is the goal of early college high schools?
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to make it easier for students from undeserved backgrounds to enter college
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C. Wright Mills identifies the small and unified group of people who occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions
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the power elite
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For which of the following reasons could the supposed increase in voter turnout in the 2004 election
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For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age.
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How does the textbook define the "hidden curriculum"?
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lessons that students learn indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized
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In August 2009, House republican leader John Boehner asked rank-and-file Republicans to use social media like twitter to get out their message
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soundbites
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In schooling in capitalist America, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis argued that schools train a labor force in the skills and attitudes
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taking orders and performing repetitive tasks
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In his book, Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol, a former teacher, conducted an ethnography of public schools
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by using local property taxes to fund public schools, trapping poor children in poor schools
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Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as:
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a person's inner religious life
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Manuel Noriega was never elected president of Panama but became its de facto ruler when he became head of the army and thus powerful
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authoritarian
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Public schools that are run by private entities are called:
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charter schools
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Since 1917, all Puerto Ricans have been considered U.S. citizens, but they are not represented in congress and cannot cast ballots in presidential elections.
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disenfranchised
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The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence:
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that the United States is not a totally secular society.
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The former Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O'Connor voted to allow a Christmas display on public property that included a nativity scene
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America is both a secular and nonsecular society at the same time.
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What are religions called that worship one divine figure?
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monotheistic
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What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?
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Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.
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What is a term for someone who labels himself"spiritual but not religious"?
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unchurched
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What is religiosity?
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the extent of a person's commitment to a religion
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What large-scale social change has made celebrity politicians more popular and successful?
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the increasing importance of television
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When students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes
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tracking
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Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?
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Teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may stop doing everything but "teaching to the test."
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Which of the following is an example of how the hidden curriculum can reinforce inequality?
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While curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual.
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Why are political action committees much more important to political campaigns now than they were in the past?
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Unlike candidates or political parties, there are no limits on how much money an individual can give them.
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Why is it NOT surprising that Evangelical Protestantism is the most common religious affiliation in the United States?
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Evangelicals emphasize the importance of gaining new converts.
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"From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." This slogan could only be fully realized with:
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pure communism
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According to critics of globalization, what DISADVANTAGES result from increased international trade?
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Multinational corporations will increasingly shape the policies of governments.
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Although it may not seem like much, when an officer worker brings in a plant to brighten up his cubicle, it is a:
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act of individual resistance.
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Donald Roy's classic study of the workplace called "Banana time" showed that:
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communities of coping emerge with co-workers during coffee breaks.
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How are strictly controlled workers within bureaucracies different from robots?
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Human workers can resist and undermine the bureaucratic restraints that limit their autonomy.
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How did the Industrial Revolution create "work" in the modern sense?
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In preindustrial economies, most work happened in the home.
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How has union membership changed in recent years?
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Membership has steeply declined.
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In Great Britain, the government owns the British Broadcasting Corporation, or BBC,
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At least partially socialist.
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Someone whose work involves giving acupuncture to dogs in order to relieve the dogs' stress is:
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a service worker.
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The economy is not only about money but also about:
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the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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What are networks of corporations, manufacturers, distributors, and consumer outlets that create products called?
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commodity chains
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What economic change has made it more difficult for workers to strike effectively?
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the ease with which manufacturing firms can move operations to another country
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What effect did the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions?
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It instituted limits on secondary strikes and boycotts.
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What technological development is most associated with the Information Revolution?
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the microchip
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Which area of the economy has seen increases in union membership since the early 1970s?
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the public sector
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Which of the following is among the benefits of telecommuting?
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Businesses get increased productivity and fewer sick days.
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Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?
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unions
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Why did so many people feel DISSATISFIED working on assembly lines?
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Workers never had the satisfaction of seeing the finished product.
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Thanksgiving is one of the busiest days of the year for many soup kitchens and other groups that provide food to the homeless and the poor.
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third sector
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These days, many customer service representatives we talk to over the phone are based in India.
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the death of distance
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What changes in the economy would be associated with travel agents hiring inmates in minimum-security prisons to take calls and schedule vacations for customers?
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the growth of information technology
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How are workers' situations different in socialist, as opposed to capitalist, economies?
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In a socialist economy, workers do not enjoy the same consumption patterns.
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According to Karl Marx, where does surplus value come from?
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paying workers less than the value of what they create
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According to the text, what is the most extreme form of socialism called?
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communism
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A heterosexual couple living in the same household and raising children is defined as a
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nuclear
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Although most young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties, considerably more men move back in with their parents than women.
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Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do
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As an agent of socialization, who does the family influence?
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only children
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Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of:
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extended families.
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How did the Industrial Revolution change the common meaning of family?
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It shifted the meaning from extended family to nuclear family.
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How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"?
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two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household
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How would a sociologist define "family"?
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almost any social group so long as members share responsibilities for raising children
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In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of:
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exogamy
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JDate, a dating website for Jewish people, is sometimes used by non-Jews who are very interested in dating Jews. These non-Jews are practicing:
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exogamy
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Sometimes child welfare agencies are called to investigate a child who never seems to have clean clothing and is very skinny.
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neglect
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To whom has Hochschild's concept of the "supermom" always been applicable?
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working-class mothers
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Today when the average American thinks of his or her family, who is he or she most likely to have in mind?
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his or her brother
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Unmarried adults who are romantically involved and live together under the same roof are participating in:
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cohabitation
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What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?
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endogamy
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What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?
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the Industrial Revolution
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What kind of task is calling a family member to wish him a happy birthday?
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an expressive task
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which of the following is a strategy that women have used to balance
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hiring other women
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which of the following statements is LEAST likely to come from a perpetrator
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"I really want to change"
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which of the following strategies does Arlie Hochschild claim some women use to balance working a paid job
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no longer caring that there are dirty clothes all over the floor
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Which of the following was true of parenting in the ninteenth century
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Fathers were more likely to have the final say
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who is more likely to define unrelated roommates as family?
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senior citizens
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Why do the authors of your textbook reject definitions of family that depend on particular types
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They want the definition to be broad enough to encompass a variety of living
