Intro to Sociology, Ch. 3 & 4 – Flashcards

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question
About how many adults in the United States speak a language other than English at home?
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55 million
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Cultural universals are elements of culture that:
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are part of every known culture.
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Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called:
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values.
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The United States and Canada are both _______; however, Canadian culture is more _______ than U.S. culture.
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multicultural; collectivist
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The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred to as:
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nonmaterial culture.
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Counterculture refers to:
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cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held.
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The United States is the most _______ of all countries.
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multicultural
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What is the term for the application of cultural knowledge to the task of living in an environment?
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technology
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An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to:
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folkways.
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Compared to college students of the late 1960s, more of today's college students are concerned with:
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making money.
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Weber traced the origins of the capitalist economy in Europe to:
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the Protestant Reformation.
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Which of the following concepts was used by Durkheim to name a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals?
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anomie
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When Weber used the concept "rationality," he had in mind:
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deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish any task.
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Weber could see the advantages of industrial capitalism,
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but he was pessimistic about the future.
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The social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is:
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fairly equal, with men and women making a vital contribution to survival.
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The Roman Empire at its peak power was what type of society?
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agrarian
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Of the following sociologists, which one was most interested in how society is divided?
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Karl Marx
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The first type of society to generate a material surplus is:
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horticultural and pastoral.
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According to Lenski, the term sociocultural evolution refers to:
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changes that occur as a society acquires new technology.
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Karl Marx used a philosophical approach called _____, Max Weber followed an approach called _____.
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materialism; idealism
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