intro to communication – Flashcards
95 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 95question
2 components to analyze in any speaking situation
answer
audience and occasion
Unlock the answer
question
to be successful, what 3 things should be appropriate to audience and occasion
answer
1. purpose 2. topic 3. all the material you use
Unlock the answer
question
audience analysis
answer
involves identifying and adapting your remarks to the most pertinent characteristics of your listeners
Unlock the answer
question
demographics
answer
characteristics of your audience that can be categorized
Unlock the answer
question
how might demographic characteristics affect your speech planning
answer
1. cultural diversity 2. gender 3. age 4. group membership 5. number of people
Unlock the answer
question
what is one way to approach the issue of audience members' feelings about you, your subject, and your intentions
answer
through a consideration of attitudes, beliefs, and values
Unlock the answer
question
attitudes
answer
lie closest to the surface and reflect a predisposition to view you or your topic in a favorable or unfavorable way
Unlock the answer
question
beliefs
answer
lie a little deeper than attitudes and deal with the truth of something
Unlock the answer
question
values
answer
deeply rooted feelings about a concept's inherent worth or worthiness
Unlock the answer
question
what determines the occasion of a speech
answer
circumstances surrounding it
Unlock the answer
question
what 2 aspects of time are important to remember for your speech
answer
1. the date on which you give your speech 2. time available for your speech
Unlock the answer
question
examples of physical space
answer
the beauty or squalor and noise or stuffiness of room
Unlock the answer
question
examples of audience expectations
answer
speech presented in a college class is expected to reflect a high level of thought and intelligence
Unlock the answer
question
what 3 things does it take to develop a topic well
answer
1. time 2. interest 3. knowledge
Unlock the answer
question
3 specific criteria that you can use to evaluate the quality of a website
answer
1. credibility 2. objectivity 3. currency
Unlock the answer
question
library catalog
answer
an ancient and noble information-storing device
Unlock the answer
question
what are reference works good for
answer
uncovering basic information, definitions, descriptions, and sources for further investigation
Unlock the answer
question
what are periodicals good for
answer
high-interest, up-to-date information on your topic
Unlock the answer
question
examples of nonprint materials
answer
films, records, tapes, and videotapes
Unlock the answer
question
databases
answer
computerized collections of highly credible information from a wide variety of sources
Unlock the answer
question
what does Lexis-Nexis contain
answer
millions of articles from news services, magazines, scholarly journals, conference papers, books, law journals, and other sources
Unlock the answer
question
how are database searches different from web searches
answer
they generally don't respond well to long strings of terms or searches worded as questions
Unlock the answer
question
what does the information-gatherine interview allow you to do
answer
view your topic from an expert's perspective, to take advantage of that expert's experience, research, and thought
Unlock the answer
question
4 basic types of delivery
answer
1. extemporaneous 2. impromptu 3. manuscript 4. memorized
Unlock the answer
question
extemporaneous speech
answer
planned in advance but presented in a direct, spontaneous manner. are conversational in tone. most common type of delivery in both classroom and "outside" world
Unlock the answer
question
impromptu speech
answer
given off the top of one's head, without preparation. spontaneous by definition, but it is a delivery style that is necessary for informal talks, group discussions, and comments on others' speeches.
Unlock the answer
question
manuscript speech
answer
read word for word from a prepared text. necessary when you are speaking for the record. greatest disadvantage is lack of spontaneity that may result.
Unlock the answer
question
memorized speech
answer
learned by heart. most difficult and often least effective. seem excessively formal. they may be necessary on special occasion. must practice.
Unlock the answer
question
4 things to do while practicing your speech
answer
1. present the speech to yourself 2. tape-record the speech & listen to it 3. present the speech in front of a small group of friends 4. present the speech to at least one listener in the room in which you will present the final speech
Unlock the answer
question
what 2 aspects is enthusiasm shown through
answer
visual and auditory
Unlock the answer
question
what 5 things do visual aspects of delivery include
answer
1. appearance 2. movement 3. posture 4. facial expression 5. eye contact
Unlock the answer
question
how should the speaker's appearance look
answer
attractive but not flashy. look businesslike.
Unlock the answer
question
how should one move while giving a speech
answer
with understanding that it will add to the meaning of the words you use
Unlock the answer
question
how should one stand while giving a speech
answer
with good posture. not at military attention, but comfortably erect
Unlock the answer
question
significance of facial expression
answer
it reflects your genuine involvement with your message
Unlock the answer
question
what is the most important nonverbal facet of delivery
answer
eye contact
Unlock the answer
question
appearance, movement, posture, facial expression, and eye contact are all what types of facets of delivery
answer
nonverbal
Unlock the answer
question
what 4 things must one recognize and use appropriately when controlling your voice
answer
1. volume 2. rate 3. pitch 4. articulation
Unlock the answer
question
what is the key to controlling volume
answer
controlling the amount of air you use
Unlock the answer
question
rate
answer
range of personal differences in speaking speed
Unlock the answer
question
pitch
answer
the highness or lowness of your voice
Unlock the answer
question
articulation
answer
pronouncing all the parts of all the necessary words and nothing else
Unlock the answer
question
deletion
answer
leaving off part of a word
Unlock the answer
question
substitution
answer
replace part of a word with an incorrect sound
Unlock the answer
question
addition
answer
caused by adding extra parts to words
Unlock the answer
question
slurring
answer
caused by trying to say two or more words at once
Unlock the answer
question
what does structuring a message effectively do
answer
help you refine your own ideas and construct more-persuasive messages
Unlock the answer
question
basic speech structure
answer
demonstrate the old aphorism for speakers: "tell what you're going to say, say it, and then tell what you said."
Unlock the answer
question
when do audiences tend to listen more carefully
answer
beginning and ending of speech
Unlock the answer
question
working outline
answer
construction tool used to map out your speech
Unlock the answer
question
formal outline
answer
uses a consistent format and set of symbols to identify the structure of ideas
Unlock the answer
question
purposes for formal outline
answer
1. displayed as visual aid 2. serve as a record of a speech that was delivered 3. instructors use speech outlines to analyze student speeches
Unlock the answer
question
when outline is used for purpose of teachers analyzing, what should it include
answer
is usually full-sentenced and includes the purpose, these and topic, and/or title
Unlock the answer
question
**tip**
answer
another person should be able to understand the basic ideas included in your speech by reading the formal outline
Unlock the answer
question
what symbols does a speech outline generally use
answer
I. main point (roman numeral) A. subpoint (capital letter) 1. sub-subpoint (standard number) a. sub-subsubpoint (lowercase letter)
Unlock the answer
question
what are the major divisions of the speech
answer
introduction, body, and conclusion
Unlock the answer
question
are the major divisions given symbols
answer
no
Unlock the answer
question
what is the key to the technique of outlining
answer
the indentation of different-order ideas
Unlock the answer
question
rule of division for formal outline
answer
never a "I" without a "II", never an "A" without a "B" and so on
Unlock the answer
question
rule of parallel wording
answer
your main points should be worded in a similar or "parallel" manner
Unlock the answer
question
how should outline be organized
answer
should reflect a logical order for your points
Unlock the answer
question
time patterns
answer
chronology (time order)
Unlock the answer
question
space patterns
answer
organized according to area
Unlock the answer
question
topic patterns
answer
based on types or categories
Unlock the answer
question
transitions
answer
keep your message moving forward
Unlock the answer
question
4 functions transitions perform
answer
1. tell how the introduction relates to the body of the speech 2. tell how one main point relates to the next main point 3. tell how your subpoints relate to the points they are a part of 4. tell how your supporting points relate to the points they support
Unlock the answer
question
introduction
answer
serves to capture the audience's attention, preview the main points, set the mood and tone of the speech, and demonstrate the importance of the topic
Unlock the answer
question
how to capture attention (9 ways)
answer
1. refer to audience 2. refer to occasion 3. refer to relationship between audience and subject 4. refer to something familiar to the audience 5. cite a startling fact or opinion 6. ask a question 7. tell an anecdote 8. use a quotation 9. tell a joke
Unlock the answer
question
3 essential functions of conclusion
answer
1. to restate thesis 2. review your main points 3. provide a memorable final remark
Unlock the answer
question
4 functions of supporting material
answer
1. to clarify 2. to make interesting 3. to make memorable 4. to prove
Unlock the answer
question
6 types of supporting material
answer
1. definitions 2. examples 3. statistics 4. analogies/comparison-contrast 5. anecdotes 6. quotation/testimony
Unlock the answer
question
example
answer
a specific case that is used to demonstrate a general idea
Unlock the answer
question
hypothetical examples
answer
ask audience members to imagine something, thus causing them to become active participants in the thought
Unlock the answer
question
statistics
answer
numbers that are arranged or organized to show that a fact or principle is true for a large percentage of cases
Unlock the answer
question
analogies
answer
comparisons
Unlock the answer
question
anecdote
answer
brief story with a point
Unlock the answer
question
2 styles of support
answer
1. narration 2. citation
Unlock the answer
question
narration
answer
involves telling a story with your information
Unlock the answer
question
citation
answer
a simple statement of the facts
Unlock the answer
question
2 basic characteristics that differentiate an informative topic from a persuasive topic
answer
1. an informative topic tends to be noncontroversial 2. the informative speaker does not intend to change audience attitudes
Unlock the answer
question
visual aids
answer
graphic devises used in a speech to illustrate or support ideas
Unlock the answer
question
6 most common types of visual aids
answer
1. objects and models 2. diagrams 3. word and number charts 4. pie charts 5. bar and column charts 6. line charts
Unlock the answer
question
models
answer
scaled representations of the object you are discussing and are used when that object is too large or too small or simply don't exist any more
Unlock the answer
question
diagram
answer
any kind of line drawing that shows the most important properties of an object
Unlock the answer
question
word charts and number charts
answer
visual depictions of key facts or statistics
Unlock the answer
question
pie charts
answer
shaped as circles with wedges cut into them. used to show divisions of any whole.
Unlock the answer
question
bar charts
answer
compare two or more values by stretching them out in the form of horizontal rectangles
Unlock the answer
question
column charts
answer
perform same function as bar charts but use vertical rectangles
Unlock the answer
question
line charts
answer
map out the direction of a moving point. ideally suited for showing changes over time.
Unlock the answer
question
5 types of media used for the presentation of visual aids
answer
1. chalkboards, whiteboards, etc. 2. flip pads and poster board 3. handouts 4. projectors 5. other electronic media
Unlock the answer
question
5 rules for using visual aids
answer
1. simplicity 2. size 3. attractiveness 4. appropriateness 5. reliability
Unlock the answer
