question

_______ is people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture.

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Society

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____ ____: shows the power of ideas in shaping society. Weber contrasted the traditional thinking of simple societies with rational thought that dominates complex societies today.

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Max Weber

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Wed uses how many characteristics to identify rational social organization?

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7

question

Weber claimed that the key to birth of Industrial Capitalism lay in the __________ __________.

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Protestant Reformation

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What is Lenski's term for changes that occur as a society gains new technology. Societies with simple technology and little control over nature can only support smalls amounts of people while societies that are dependent on technology have the ability to support hundreds of millions more. The more technology a society has, the more and faster it grows.

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Sociocultural evolution

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The invention of animal-drawn plow, along with other breakthrough such as irrigation, the wheel, writing numbers, and the use of various metals. This moment in history is often called the ________ __________.

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Dawn of Civilization

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________ _______ is the struggle between segments of society over valued resources.

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Social conflict

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________ are people who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits.

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Capitalist

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_________ is the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness.

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Alienation

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What does Marx note of how worker feel alienated? (4)

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1. The act of working 2. The products of work 3. Other workers 4. Human potential

question

___________ __ ______, Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought.

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Rationalization of society

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__________ _______, Durkheim's term for social bonds, based on common sentiments and shared moral values, that are strong among members of pre-industrial societies.

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Mechanical solidarity

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_______: (Latin for "above or beyond the ego") Freud's term for cultural values and norms internalized by an individual. Operates as our conscience, telling us why we can't have everything we want. The child comes to understand that everyone's behavior should take account of cultural norms. The superego tends to be very condemning.

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Superego

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Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Theory of _______ Development. Studied human cognition, how people think and understand by watching his own 3 children grow.

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Cognitive

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Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development:

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sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal

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_____-_________: (corresponding to Piaget's formal stage) Moving beyond society's norms to consider abstract ethical principles. Now they think about liberty, freedom, or justice.

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Post-conventional

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_______-_____ ______: Cooley's term for a self-image based on how we think others see us.

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Looking-glass Self

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__________ ________: learning that helps a person achieve a desired position.

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Anticipatory Socialization

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__-_________: radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment.

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Re-socialization

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Erik H. Erikson Infancy: trust vs. mistrust Toddlerhood: autonomy vs. guilt and shame Preschool: initiative vs. guilt Preadolescence: industriousness vs. inferiority Adolescence: identity vs. confusion Young adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation Middle adulthood: ____ _ _______ vs. ____-_______ Old age: the challenge of integrity vs. despair

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making a difference vs. self-absorption

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Carol Gilligan compared moral development between ____ and ____.

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boys and girls

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According to psychiatrist Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, the 3rd stage one will express when they are experiencing death is ________.

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negotiation

question

_________: (Latin for "above or beyond the ego") Freud's term for cultural values and norms internalized by an individual. Operates as our conscience, telling us why we can't have everything we want. The child comes to understand that everyone's behavior should take account of cultural norms. The superego tends to be very condemning.

answer

Superego

question

Who developed a Theory of Cognitive Development? Studied human cognition, how people think and understand by watching his own 3 children grow.

answer

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

question

Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development:

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sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal.

question

____-_________: (corresponding to Piaget's formal stage) Moving beyond society's norms to consider abstract ethical principles. Now they think about liberty, freedom, or justice.

answer

Post-conventional

question

_______-_____ ______: Cooley's term for a self-image based on how we think others see us.

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Looking-glass Self

question

_______ ________: learning that helps a person achieve a desired position.

answer

Anticipatory Socialization

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_____________: radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment.

answer

Resocialization

question

Erik H. Erikson Infancy: trust vs. mistrust Toddlerhood: autonomy vs. guilt and shame Preschool: initiative vs. guilt Preadolescence: industriousness vs. inferiority Adolescence: identity vs. confusion Young adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation Middle adulthood: making a difference vs. self-absorption Old age: the challenge of integrity vs. despair

answer

Erik H. Erikson

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Carol Gilligan compared moral development between ______ and ______.

answer

boys and girls

question

According to psychiatrist Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, the 3rd stage one will express when they are experiencing death is ________.

answer

negotiation

question

_______ ________ is the process by which people act and react in relation to others. Members of every society rely on social structure to make sense out of everyday situations. We find what is acceptable socially by those interactions.

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Social interaction

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_______ _______ a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life. Someone may be a mother, daughter, grandmother, wife or a professor but the fact that the person is blind is not an equal status to the others. It overrides and engulfs all the others. This can include your sexual orientation or racial ethnicity.

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Master status

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_____ _____ conflict among the roles connected to 2 or more statuses.

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Role conflict

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_______________ Harold Garfinkel's term for the study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings.

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Ethnomethodology

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Language defines men and women different in terms of both ______ and _____.

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power and value

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Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild explains, that the typical company tries to regulate not only the behavior of the employees, but also their ________. She explores the many ways we manage our emotions in personal life and also perform emotional labor in the American workplace and around the globe.

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emotions

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_______ _____ technology that links people in social activity. The expansion of social media has dramatically changed how people interact.

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Socialy media

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___________ ______ Erving Goffman's term for the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance.

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Dramaturgical analysis

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Expressive leadership by contrast, is group leadership that focuses on the group's ____-____. These leaders build more personal primary ties. They offer sympathy, keep group united, lighten serious moments with humor and are more likely to receive affection.

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well-being

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_______ _____ is a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions. Individuals use reference groups to form attitudes and make evaluations.

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Reference group

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Peter Blau claimed that larger groups turn _____, socially diverse groups turn outward.

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inward

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1. Bureaucratic alienation 2. Bureaucratic inefficiency and ritualism 3. Bureaucratic inertia 4. Oligarchy

answer

Problems with Bureaucracy: (4)

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1. Efficiency (anything done quickly is good) 2. Calculability (mass produced according to a uniform plan) 3. Uniformity and predictability (system specifies every course of action and leaves nothing to chance) 4. Control through automation (minimize the human element)

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George Ritzer says the McDonalization of society rest on: (4)

question

Georg Simmel used these terms to designate social groups: _____ is Greek for "pair" to designate a social group with two members. Usually more of an intense bond because neither member is sharing their attention with anyone but tat other person. Triad is a social group with 3 or more members. A triad is more stable than a dyad because one member can act as a mediator should the relationship between two others becomes strained.

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Dyad

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Group pressure can influence us to conform or obey. Irving Janis says there's __ types of groups.

answer

2

question

In the early 1900's, Fredrick Taylor's _________ _________ applied principles to increase productivity.

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scientific management

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___________ __________ would be anyone working for pay.

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Utilitarian organizations

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____________ _________ describes a focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization's goal. Rules and regulations should be a means to an end, not an end in themselves that takes the focus away from the organization's stated goals.

answer

Bureaucratic ritualism

question

the process by which people disengage from important social roles. According to Ebaugh, the process begins as people come to doubt their ability to continue in a certain role. Exes carry with them a self image shaped by an earlier role, which can interfere with building a new sense of self.

answer

Role Exit

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