interpersonal communication chapter 2 vocab – Flashcards
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ethnic idenity
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the commitment to the beliefs & philosophy of your culture *developed by ENCULTURATION (the learning of the culture your born into)
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enculturation
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-process of learning about the culture your born into -*learning about your NATIVE CULTURE -TRANSMITS CULTURE FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT
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culture
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a specialized lifestyle of a group of people that is passed from one generation to the NEXT through COMMUNICATION and NOT through a persons GENES -everything a group PRODUCES & DEVELOPS *(example): values, beliefs, religion, communication, attitude
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acculturation
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-process which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different than your own culture - process which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different than your own native culture (so the culture you born into) *NATIVE CULTURE IS CHANGED B/C OF EXPOSURE TO NEW & DIFFERENT CULTURE *
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collectivist culture
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***(HIGH- CONTEXT CULTURE)**** - teaches members how important group values are such as BENEVOLANCE, TRADITION AND CONFORMITY -cultural (example): china & pakistan - people in this culture are RESPONSIBLE for the ENTIRE GROUP rather than just themselves
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individualist culture
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*(LOW CONTEXT CULTURE)* -teaches people the importance of INDIVIDUAL VALUES such as (achievement, hedonism, power) *focus of this culture is INDIVIDULE not the group (example): united states culture
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high-context culture
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-*(COLLECTIVIST CULTURES)--those cultures that focus on the importance of group values -much of the info which is communicated is in the person (whom is communicating) or the context (enviornment) -**emphasis: put on PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS & ORAL AGREEMENTS (example): something is known by everyone but is not stated outloud
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restraint
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-cultures that curb gratification & its regulation to the social norms - more UNHAPPY PEOPLE in these cultures because people often feel as if they are lacking control (freedom to do what it is they want to do) of their own lives and have little to no leisure time to engage in fun activities example: indian family culture value: thrift
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leisure
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-the feeling that you have (free) time to do what you find fun
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life control
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-feeling that you can do w/e it is that you want -(freedom of choice) to do or not to what you want
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indulgence
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cultures that emphasize fufilling (gratifcation) of desires -these cultures FOCUS on HAVING FUN & ENJOYING LIFE -cultures such as these HAVE MORE HAPPY PEOPLE (value): spending (example): united states
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short-term orientation
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-members look towards the PAST & the PRESENT - instead of saving for the future people of this culture spend their resources for the present time -want quick (INSTANT) RESULTS from their efforts (example): USA
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long-term oreintation
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-promotes the IMPORTANCE of FUTURE REWARDS (example): saving money, study for a test so that you can achieve academic success
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low-ambiguity tolerant culture
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-cultures that AVOID UNCERTAINTY & have a great deal of anxiety about not knowing what will happen next -view uncertainty as threatening -(example): russia - this culture has clear cut rules for communication that can't be broken (example): Rules to write an essay
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high-ambiguity tolerant cultures
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-cultures that dont feel threatened by unknown situations (arn't threatend by UNCERTAINTY) - (example): writing an assignment w/o instruction just interpretation -believe uncertanty is a normal part of life and will accept it if it comes
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feminine culture
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-Values: modesty, concern for relationships & the quality of life & tenderness -members: modesty & highlight close INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS -utilize compromise & negotiation to solve conflicts
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masculine culture
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-values: agressiveness, material success & strength -members: assertiveness ambitious & competative (example): confront conflicts & fight out differences
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low-power distance cultures
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power is more evenly distributed throughout its citizens (example): USA, great britain, new zeland, and college classrooms
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high-power distance cultures
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-power is concentrated to few - aka: power is given to only a SELECT GROUP OF PEOPLE (example): Russia, Mexico
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power distance
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refers to how power is distributed in society
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low context culture
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-INDIVIDUALIST CULTURES -info that is states (OUT LOUD) DIRECTLY in a verbal message & formal info will be stated in written contract form -LESS emphasis on PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS & MORE on VERBALIZED EXPLICIT EXPLANATION (OUT LOUD MESSAGES) (example): buisness transactions - contracts
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stereotype
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fixed impression of a group of people
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ethnocentrism
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*say other cultures need to be more like their OWN *people who do this tend to evaluate the values , beliefs & behaviors of your their own culture as being SUPERIOR (better) than other cultures
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intercultural communication
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-communication b/w person w/ different cultural beliefs, values or ways of behaving
