Inorganic Chemistry Study Guide – Flashcards
130 test answers
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18.5%
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Carbon makes up 18.5% of the elements in the human body. It is part of the 4 main elements in the human body.
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3.3%
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Nitrogen makes up 3.3% of the elements in the human body and is one of the 4 main elements in the human body.
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65%
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Oxygen makes up 65% of the elements in the human body and is the most abundant element in the body.
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9.56%
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Hydrogen makes up 9.56% of the elements in the human body and is part of the 4 main elements in the body.
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acid precipitation
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rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water
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241 americium
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found in smoke detectors
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amu
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atomic mass unit
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anion
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negative ion
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argon
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one of the inert elements
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atom
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basic unit of matter
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atomic mass unit
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amu
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1/1836 amu
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mass of an electron
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atomic number
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number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomos
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Greek for atom, means unable to cut
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basic unit of matter
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atom
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beta particle
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electron, need a shield to protect yourself
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bromine
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one of the most common elements that are ;iquid at room temperature
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carbon 14
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mainly used for carbon dating
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cation
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positive ion
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Cesium 137
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used in moisture-density gauges, level gauges, and thickness gauges
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chemical bonding
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process where interactions of individual atoms in chemical compounds involve the combining of atoms of elements
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chemical compounds
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formed by the interactions of individual atoms
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base
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compounds that release hydroxide ions into solution
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chemical equation
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a way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and other symbols
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chemical formula
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a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
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chemical properties
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determined by the number of electrons in the outermost energy shell
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chemical reaction
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any process in which a chemical change occurs. Some occur quickly (Hydrogen gas ignited in presence of oxygen) , others occur slowly (oxygen and iron to form rust)
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Cherenkov radiation
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has a blue effect
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cohesion
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property that is caused by hydrogen bonds causing molecule to stick together
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covalent bond
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results when atoms share outershell electron
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deuterium
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isotope of hydrogen thay has 1 proton and i neutron in the nucleus
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diatomic elements
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hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
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bromine
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a diatomic element
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decomposition
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one of the 4 chemical reactions when a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances
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double displacement
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one of the chemical reactions when the positive and negative portions of 2 or more ionic compounds interchange
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alpha particle
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helium nuclei
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egg white
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an irreversible colloid
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cytoplasm
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an irreversible colloid
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electron
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negatively charged particle with a mass of about 1/1836 amu
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electron cloud
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region around nucleus of an atom where electrons are found
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electron shells
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where the electron occurs in the energy levels
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electronegativity
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attraction for shared electrons
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elements
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combine to form compounds
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empirical formula
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one way of writing a formula (CH4) it is a combination of chemical symbols and numbers that indicate which elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a molecule
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energy levels
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where the electrons travel outside the nucleus at high speeds
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erythropoiesis
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manufacturing of red blood cells, uses Iron- 59
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gamma radiation
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radiant energy
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gas
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particles are moving the fastest. some elements that are gas at room temp are oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine
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Gel
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semisolid phase of a colloid
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goiter
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abnormally enlarged thyroid gland. involved with Iodine- 131
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HCI
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hydrochloric acid
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heat
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energy associated with movement
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helium
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one of the inert elements
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high-speed electrons
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travel in the energy levels
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hydrogen
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makes up 9.56% of the elements in the body, it is diatomic
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hydrogen bond
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weak the positively charged region is always a hydrogen atom, the bond is called this. Make liquid water cohesive
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hydrogen ion
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always positive, a protium is most common form of hydrogen; has 1 proton and no neutron. Then there is Deuterium, and Tritium
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hydroxide ion
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OH-
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inert elements
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elements that do not form chemical bonds
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ion
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atom or molecule with electrical charge resulting from gain/loss of electrons
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ionic bond
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attraction that holds ions together
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iron- 59
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used to study blood circulation as well as simultaneous measurement of plasma and red cell volume. Erythropeisis- manufacturing of red blood cells
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irreversible colloid
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when a sol cannot change to a gel and back to a sol again
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isotope
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atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Jello
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example of a reversible colloid
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krypton
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one of the inert elements
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liquid
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particles move faster than solid but slower than gas. Some elements that are liquid at from temp are mercury and bromine
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mass number
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total number of protons and neutrons
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matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass. has physical properties
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mercury
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liquid at room temperature
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mixture
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nonchemical combination of 2 or more substances
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molecular formula
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one way of saying chemical formula
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molecule
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formed when atoms are held by covalent bonds
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MRI
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Magnetic Resonance imaging used in Xenon 129.
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Neon
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one of the inert elements
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neutron
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in the nucleus, neutral charge
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Nitrogen
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makes up 3.3% of elements in the human body.
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non-polar covalent bonds
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bonds formed when molecules of only 1 element has a pull toward each atom is equal because each atom has the same electronegativity
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oxygen
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makes up 65% of the elements in the human body
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PET scan
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an imaging instrument uses positron-emission tomography (PET) the detects location of injected radioactive materials
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pH scale
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scale from 0 to 14, 0 being the most acidic to 14 being the most basic. water is 7.
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phase reversal
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changing of a sol to a gel or a gel to a sol
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phases of matter
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solid, liquid, gas
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physical properties
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can be observed, and measured without permanently changing the identity of the matter
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polar covalent bond
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when the electronegativity of atoms is different so shared electrons spend more time on one side. example- hydrogen and oxygen. oxygen = negative, hydrogen = positive
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polar molecules
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molecules with an unequal distribution of charges
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protium
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most common form of hydrogen. 1 proton, no neutrons
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proton
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particle in the nucleus with a positive charge
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helium nuclei
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alpha particle
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cold pasteurization
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kills germs
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fluorine
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diatomic
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dissociation
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separation of ion pairs in a solution
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radiation
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nuclei of some atoms are unstable and will, from time to time break down, releasing matter and/or energy that is called radiation
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radioactive
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atoms that emit radiation
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radiotherapy
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uses cobalt- 60
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radon
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one of the inert elements
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reversible colloid
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when a sol can change into a gel and back to a sol
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saturated
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maximum amount of a solute in a solution
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single displacement
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one of the chemical reactions when 1 atom takes place of another atom in compound
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smoke detectors
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have americium - 241
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SNAP
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systems for nuclear auxiliary power. Involved with Strontium- 90
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sodium 24
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used for studying electro lights, used to find leaking pipes
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sol
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fluid phase of a colloid
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solid
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particles move slowest in a solid, most elements are solid in room temperature- carbon, sulfur, sodium, calcium, and potassium
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solute
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thing being dissolved
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solution
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
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solvent
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the dissolver (water)
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states of matter
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solid, liquid, and gas
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strontium 90
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SNAP- systems for nuclear auxiliary power, used for generating heat
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subatomic particles
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protons and neutrons
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sublimation
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change from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid
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super-saturated
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solution that is given more than the possible amount of solute. in order to do this u can heat it up
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surface tension
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measure of how difficult it is to break surface of a liquid
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synthesis
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combining parts into a whole
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temperature
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measures intensity of heat
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tracer
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a radioactive element whose pathway through the steps of a chemical reaction can be followed
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Tritium
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hydrogen isotope that has 1 proton and 2 neutrons
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unreactive elements
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inert elements, they are very stable so they do not form chemical bonds
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very stable elements
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unreactive, inert
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xenon
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inert element
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xenon 129
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used in MRI's. Magnetic resonance imaging
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Xenon 133
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used in imaging soft tissue, ussed for cerebral imaging
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Iodine 123
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medical imaging
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Iodine 131
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diagnoses and treats thyroid problems
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Iodine 124
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immunotherapy
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Iodine 125
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treats cancerous tissue
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