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Chemistry

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Study of structure, properties, composition and reaction.

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Matter

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Everything that makes up this world.

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Branches of Chemistry

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-General -Organic -Bilogical

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General Chemistry

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Study of composition, properties and reactions of matter.

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Organic Chemistry

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Study of substances that contain Carbon(element)

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Bilogical Chemistry

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Study of chemical reactions that take place in the biological systems.

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Early Chemists

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-Stone -Paracelus

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Stone

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1. Believed he could turn all metals to gold 2.prolong youth and postpone death 3. Designed lab equipment and procedures = Made guidlines

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Paracelus

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1. Thought chemistry should look towards prepared meds 2. Healthy body: regulated by chemical process - Unbalanced by chemical compound - Rebalanced by minerals and medicines 3. Dosage: Poison/Cure

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Chemicals

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a substance that always has the same composition and properties.

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Length

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-m,cm,in

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____m=_____cm

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1 m = 100 cm (Per"cent")

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____in = _____cm

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1 in = 2.54 cm

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Volume

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-L,mL

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_____mL = ____L

answer

1000 mL = 1 L

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Mass

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- kg, g, lb

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____kg= _____g

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1kg = 1000g

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___lb=_____kg

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2.20lb = 1kg

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Mass ____ changes!

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never

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Temperature Scale

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Kelvin (k) Celcius (*c) Fahrenheit (*F)

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B.P. in Kelvin

answer

373 K

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B.P. in *C

answer

100 *C

question

B.P. in Fahrenheit

answer

212 *F

question

Normal Body Temp. in K

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310 K

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Normal Body Temp. in *C

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37*C

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Normal Body Temp. in *F

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98.6*F

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Freezing Point of Water in K

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273*K

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F.P of Water in *C

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0*C

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F.P of water in *F

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32*F

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s

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Secound

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Scientific Notation 8X10^-6 m

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.000 008m (Very Small)

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Scientific Notation 1X10^5 hairs

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100 000 hairs (Very Big)

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3 Parts to Scientific Notation

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1. Coefficent (#) 2. Pwr of 10 (Exponant) 3. Unit Measurment

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Measure of Uncertainty

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degree of uncertainty: 100th place .00 = .Tenth Hundreth

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Sig. Fig. .0067kg

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2

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Sig. Fig. 29.0

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3

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Multipy/Divide Sig Figs

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Take lowest s.f

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Add/Subtract sig. Fig.

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Take lowest decimal place

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_____km = ___m

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1km = 1000m

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____L = _____kL

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1000L = 1 kL

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____kg = _____g

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1kg = 1000g

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Peta (P)

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10^15

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Tetra (T)

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10^12

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Giga (G)

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10^9

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Mega (M)

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10^6

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Kilo (K)

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10^3

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deci (d)

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10^-1

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centi (c)

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10^-2

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milli (m)

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10^-3

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micro (u)

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10^-6

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nano (n)

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10^-9

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pico (p)

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10^-12

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femto (f)

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10^-15

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Volume 1cm^3

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1cm^3 = 1cc = 1mL

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____km = ______m

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1 km = 1000 m

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_____mm = _____m

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1000mm = 1m

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_____cm = ______mm

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1 cm = 10 mm

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_____ft = ___ in

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1ft = 12 in

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_____ft = _____ yd

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3ft = 1 yd

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____ mi = _____ ft

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1mi = 5280 ft

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_____in = ____ cm

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1in = 2.54 cm

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____mL = _____ L

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1ooo mL = 1 L

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____ dL = ____ mL

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1 dL = 100 mL

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____mL = ____ cm^3

answer

1 mL = 1 cm^3

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_____kg = _____g

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1 kg = 1000g

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_____g = _____ mg

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1g = 1000mg

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____ oz = ____ lb

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16 oz = 1 lb

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ppm

answer

Parts per Million

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ppb

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Parts per Billion

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ppm parts per million

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mg/kg ( milligrams per killogram)

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ppb Parts per billion

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ug/kg (micrograms per kilogram)

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Density

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Mass / Volume

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Units of Density for a Solid

answer

g / cm^3

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Units of Densty for a liquid

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g / mL

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Units of Density for a gas

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g / L

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Specific Gravity

answer

Unitless relationship b/w density of a substance and desity of water.

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Density of Water

answer

1.00 g / mL

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Specific Gravity =

answer

Density of Substence / Density of Water (1.00 g / mL)

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Energy

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The ability to do work (Cook food, drive a car, eat)

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Kinetic Energy

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Energy of motion (Moving Object)

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Potential Energy

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The ability to have motion. (determined by position of the object / chemical composition)

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Heat (Thermal Energy)

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Motion of Particles

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The faster the particles move =

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The greater the heat of the substance

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J

answer

energy

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____kJ = _____ J

answer

1 kJ = 1000 J

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10^5 J

answer

energy used to sleep 1 hr

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10^8 J

answer

Energy from 1 gallon of gas

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10^6 J

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Energy from 1 serving of pasta, donute, bycicle ride 1 hr

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10^11 J

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Energy used per person in 1 year in U.S.

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10^17 J

answer

Solar energy reaching earth per secound

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10^20 J

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energy consumption 1 year in U.S.

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10^23 J

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world reserves of fossil fuel

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10^26 J

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Energy radiated by sun per secound

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Calories (cal.)

answer

amount of heat needed to raise temp. of 1g of water by 1*C

question

_____kcal = _____ cal

answer

1kcal = 1000cal

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Temperature

answer

generally reported in *C

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Changing Celsius to Fahrenheit

answer

Tf = 1.8 (Tc) + 32

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Changing Celsius to Kelvin

answer

Tk = Tc + 273

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Pure Substance

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Matter that has a fixed constant composition

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Element

answer

Composition of 1 material (Smallest thing something is broken into...base)

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Compound

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Consist 2/ more elements combined in the SAME poportion (Held together by a bond) - can be broken down into their elements

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Physical Methods

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-boiling -sifting -filtiration (Solids to Liquids) - Chromatography (Seperating liquid mixtures) : Paper w/ components moving up it.

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Mixtures

answer

2 or more substances physically mixed NOT chemically.

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Homogeneous Mixture

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Uniform throughout (Look Same)

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Heterogeneous Mixture

answer

NOT uniform throughout (See difference)

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Solid Properties/ State

answer

definite shape and volume (atoms tight)

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Liquid Properties/ State

answer

Definite volume NOT shape (Atoms random direction)

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Gas Properties/ State

answer

NO definite volume/ shape

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Physical Properties

answer

Observed without changing identity of a substence (Color, Melting Point, Boiling Point)

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Physical Change

answer

Its state/ apperance changes but composition remains SAME. (ice-Water-Vapor)

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Remove heat, Particles ____ Down

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Slow

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Ice Melts at ____

answer

0*C

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Ice Freezes at _____

answer

0*C

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Heating Curve

answer

Drawn to illistrate changes of tempt. and state as heat is added.

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Cooling Curve

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Drawn to illistrate changes of tempt. and state as heat is removed.

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Sublimation

answer

Particles on solid surface change directly to gas w/o temp. change. (NO liquid state) -Dry ice and freezer burn

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Deposition

answer

Gas particles change to solid with NO liquid state.

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Chemical Properties

answer

The ability of a substance to change into a new substance.

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Chemical Change

answer

Original substance changed into a new substance without different physical and chemical properties. (Composition is altered) -Rusting of iron, Fe + O2 -> Fe2O3

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Specific Heat (SH)

answer

Number of joules (Calories) needed to change the temp. exactly 1 g of a substance 1*C

question

SH=

answer

heat/(mass X Delta T)

question

SH==

answer

J (or Cal) / (1g X 1*C)

question

Food we eat provides energy to do ____ in our body

answer

work

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Carbohydrates

answer

Primary fuel for the body.

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____Cal= ____kcal= _____cal

answer

1 Cal = 1 kcal = 1000 cal

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Energy (Caloric) Values

answer

kJ or kc obtained from burning 1 g of carbohydrate,fat and protein.

question

Carbohydrate ____ kJ/g _____ kCal/g

answer

17 kJ/g 4 Kcal/g

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Fat ____ kJ/g _____ kcal/g

answer

38 kJ/g 9 kcal/g

question

Protien ______ kJ/g _____kcal/g

answer

17 kJ/g 4 kcal/g

Inorganic Chemistry Ch.1 and Ch.2 – Flashcards

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