IME Microbiology Bacteria – Flashcards
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| Bacillus (rod) Gram positive + List |
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| 1. Cornebacterium 2. Listeria 3. Bacillus 4. Clostridium 5. Mycobacterium (acid fast) |
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| Bacillus (rod) Gram negative - list |
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| 1. Escherichia Coli 2. Shigella 3. Salmonella 4. Yersinia 5. Klebsiella 6. Proteus 7. Enterobacter 8. Serratia 9. Vibrio 10. Capmylobaceteri 11. Helicobacter 12. Psuedomonas 13. Bacteroides |
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| Spiral Gram - List |
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| Spirochetes 1. Treponema 2. Borrelia 3. Leptospira Camplyobader |
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| Obligate Aerobes List |
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| Gram + 1. Nocardia 2. Bacillus cereus Gram - 1. Neisseria 2. Pseudomonas 3. Bordetella 4. Legionella 5. Brucella Acid Fast 1. Mycobacterium 2. Nocardia |
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| Obligate Anaerobes List positive and negative |
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| Gram + 1. Clostridium Gram - 1. Bacterioides |
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| Obligate Aerobes Acid gram negative |
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| Most other gram negative rods |
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| Microaerophillic List |
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| Gram + 1. Streptococcus Gram - Spirochetes 1. Treponema 2. Borrelia 3. Leptospira Campylobader |
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| List Faculltative Anaerobes gram positive bacteria |
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| 1.Staphylococcus 2. Bacillus anthracis 3. Corynebacterium 4. Listeria (endotoxin) 5. Actinomyces |
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| Flagella |
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| Tail help move bacteria cell to move |
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| Pili, plural fimbrae |
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| short projection not used for mobility but used for mating |
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| Adhesins |
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| "to attach" bacteria used to attach to a surface or together. |
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| Capsule |
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| protective wall surrounding the bacteria |
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| List the Tests to identify capsules |
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| 1. India Ink stain: clear halo around cell. 2. Quellung: An antibody that binds to capsule causing it to swell up, which shows in microscope. |
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| List the six major shapes for bacteria |
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| 1. Cocci (round) 2. Bacilli (rods) 3. Spiral 4. Pleomorphic 5. Branching 6. No cell wall |
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| Opsonization |
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| The process of antibodies binding to the capsule. |
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| Endospore |
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| Formed by 2 bacteria, aerobic bacillus, anaerobic clostridium. Both gram positive. |
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| List Facultative Intracellular Organisms |
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| 1. Listeria monocytogenes 2. Salmonella typhi 3. Yersinia 4. Franscisella tularensis 5. Brucella 6. Legionella 7. mycobacteriu. |
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| What are Exotoxins? |
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| Protiens released by both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Released by all gram positive except for Listeria (endotoxin). Act on nervous system to cause paralysis: tetanus and botulinum. |
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| What are enterotoxins? |
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| They enter the GI tract and kill the epithelial tissue which causes Na to leak out. Where sodium goes, water follows causing dehydration and diarrhea. |
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| List the Facultative Intracellularborganisms |
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| 1. Listeria 2. Yersinia 3. Salmonella Typhi 4. Francsiella Tularensis 5. Brucsiella 6. Legionella 7. Mycobacterium |
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| Name the two infectious diseases caused by enterotoxins. |
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| Infectious diarrhea Food poisoning. |
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| List the bacteria that cause infectious diarrhea. |
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| 1. Escheria Coli 2. Vibrio Cholera 3. Campylobacter 4. Shigella Dysentariae |
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| Describe Escheria Coli characteristics. |
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| Causes diarrhea Urinary tract infection Neonatal meningitis Gram - sepsis **Normal flora Exotoxin LT and ST and shiga Endotoxin Lipid A |
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| Name the characteristics of Vibrio Cholera |
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| Has Flagellum Cholera toxin Fecal oral transmission "Rice water" diarrhea. |
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| Name the characteristics of Campylobacter |
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| From unpasterized milk. Bloody diarrhea Begins with fever and headache |
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| Name the characteristics of Shigella |
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| No Flagella or Pili Only in humans Shiga toxin No fever Bright red blood and pus in diarrhea Common in Pre school and nursing homes. |
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| Name the two bacteria that cause food poisoning |
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| Bacillus Cerrus Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Name the characteristics of Bacillus Cerrus |
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| Causes food poisoning. Spore forming rod Mobile Non encapsulated but still resistNt to penicillin even though gram positive! |
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| List the characteristics of Sraphyloccus aureus. |
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| Has microcapsule and big peptodoglycan wall. Six proteins disable our immune system. 1. Protein A 2. Coagulse 3. Hemolysins 4. Leukocidins 5. Penicillinases 6. Novel penicilln bing protein |
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| What does Stapylococcus Protein A do? |
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| Binds to FC and inhibits the macrophage from opsinization. |
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| Describe Staphylococcus Coagulse |
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| It is an enzyme that produces fiber coatings to protect from being phagocytized. |
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| What is Stapylococcus aureus Hemolysins? |
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| It destroys red blood cells, Neutrophils, macrophages, platelets. |
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| What do Leukocidins do and what bacteria do they belong to? |
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| Thy destroy white blood cells and they belong to Staphylococcus aureus. |
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| What is staphylococcus Penicillnases? |
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| Penicillinases binds to Beta portion of penicillin destroying or inactivating it. |
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| What iS Staphylococcus Aureus Novel penicillin bing protein? |
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| It inhibits production of peptidoglycans so there is no wall for penicillin to bind to. |
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| What are endotoxins? |
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| Released by all gram negative bacteria |
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| What is Hylaudonldase? |
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| Breaks down proteoglycan in connective tissue |
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| What is Staphylokinase |
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| Opens up formed fibrin clots. |
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| What does Lipase do? |
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| Degrades fats and oils. It colonizes in sebaceous glands. |
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| What does Protease do? |
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| It destroys tissue protein. Most commonly the heart tissue (valves) |
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| What is Hylaukonldase |
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| Breaks down proteoglycan in connective tissue. |
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| Staphylokinase |
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| Opens up formed fibrin clots. |
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| Give the cause and symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome |
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| caused from prolonged tampon use. Symptoms are sudden onset of high fever, nausea, vomiting, water diarrhea, followed by a rash and desquamination of palms and soles of feet. |
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| What is Blastoma? |
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| Tumor of immature cells. |
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| What is a Tumor? |
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| Uncontrolled gowth |
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| What is a Carcinoma? |
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| Malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue. |
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| What is a Sarcoma? |
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| Tumor of the connective tissue |
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| What is Remission? |
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| Symptoms of disease are at rest. |
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| What is FNA? |
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| Fine needle aspiration- removal of liquid or cell from a lump by a needle. |
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| What is Anpnea? |
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| Inability to breath. |
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| Dyspnea: |
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| Difficult breathing |
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| What is Epistaxis? |
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| Nose bleeding |
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| What is Hemoptysis? |
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| Coughing up and spitting out blood. |
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| Whta is Hemothorax? |
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| When blood pools within the pleural cavity surround the lungs. |
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| Define Hyperaphea. |
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| Abnormal deep breathing. |
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| Define Hypoxi |
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| Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood. |
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| Define Sputum. |
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| Coughed up from lungs of blood, pus |
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| Define Asphyxia |
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| Absence of respiratory ventilation. |
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| Define Asthma |
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| Inflammation of the bronchi because of allergic substance in the lungs. |
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| Define Bronchitis |
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| Inflammation of the bronchi |
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| Define Coryza |
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| Common cold with runny nose. |
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| Define Croup |
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| Viral infectious disease obstructing the larynx. |
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| Describe Staphylococcus Shape and if it is Catalase positive or negative |
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| Circular cluster and is Catalase positive. |
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| Why is Catalase positive important |
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| To prevent the nueutrophil and macrophage from destroying the bacteria. Neutrophil and macrophage use hydrogen peroxide and Catalase converts it into water and oxygen. |
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| What is the shape oif Strepalococcus and is it Catalase positive or negative? |
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| Strep is circular and lines up in a straight row and is Catalase negative. |
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| List the three types of Strepolococcus |
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| 1.Group A Alpha 2. Group A Beta 3. Gamma |
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| List all the names for Group A Beta |
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| 1. Group A Beta 2. Strep pyogenes 3. Strep pharyngitis 4. Strep throat |
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| What does Strep Alpha, Group A do to red Blood cells? |
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| It partially breaks up red blood cells giving them a green color under a microscope. |
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| What does Group A Beta do to red blood cells? |
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| Breaks up the whole red blood cell to pieces. Color is a clear zone area of destroyed blood cells when seen in a microscope. |
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| What does Strep Gamma do to red blood cells? |
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| Can not break red blood cells. No color or change is seen under a microscope. Also known as non hemolytic strep. |
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| What is Calase? Why is it important? |
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| Breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide into Water and Oxygen. Important because Neutrophils and macrophage need hydrogen peroxide. Calase prevents it by changing it. |
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| What is another name for Strep Gamma? |
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| Non hemolytic Strep. |
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| What diseases do Group A beta cause? |
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| 1. Pharyngitis - strep throat 2. Strep skin infections 3. Scarlet fevor 4. Strep toxic shock syndrome |
