HUN 2201 Chapter 15 – Flashcards

Inadequate consumption of which of the following causes the most common nutrient deficiency in young children?

Which of the following statements about feeding toddlers is TRUE?

Which of the following snacks is appropriate for toddlers?

Janie is three years old. What serving size of mashed pinto beans would you recommend for her?

This is a helpful rule when introducing a toddler to a new food.

Multivitamin/mineral supplements should never be given to toddlers.

Reduced-fat milk should not be given to children until the age of 2.

Because they are still growing and developing, children need to consume a diet providing at least what percentage of total energy from fat?

What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation?

About how many American children experience food insecurity and hunger?

Food insecurity and hunger affects about this many American children.

Limiting sugary drinks in children's diets is important only once their permanent teeth have erupted.

By following federal standards, school meals improve

During adolescence, girls and boys gain an average of

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the high iron needs of adolescents?

The period of life when secondary sex characteristics develop and people are able to reproduce is called

Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for adolescent acne?

To achieve peak bone capacity in adolescence, adequate __________ intakes are critical.

A child with a body mass index (BMI) __________ is considered obese.

Girls gain more body fat through adolescence than do boys.

Eating disorders do not occur in adolescent boys.

In classifying children's weight, the CDC refers to a BMI greater than or equal to 40 as

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate weight control recommendation for an overweight 11-year-old?

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages?

Which nutrient deficiency can contribute to a decreased sense of smell?

On average, Americans have a life expectancy that extends into the

The body's need for which of the following micronutrients decreases with age? iron vitamin D calcium vitamin C

An elevated level of blood sodium is called

Research suggests that intermittent fasting and alternate-day fasting produce beneficial metabolic changes similar to those of Calorie restriction.

The research suggesting that Calorie restriction can improve human health and extend the human life span is preliminary.

Maintaining an energy-restricted diet that is high in nutrients requires significant planning and preparation of most of your own meals.

This is a recommended way to benefit from supplement use.

As toddlers start exploring the world around them, their diet must support their rate of growth and activity. Their dietary needs include adequate calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, and fluid. Choose the correct statement about nutrient needs of toddlers. Toddlers' energy needs per kilogram of body weight are greater than that of infants. To ensure that toddlers meet their high carbohydrate requirements, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no restriction on fruit juice intake between the ages of 1 and 6 years. The most common nutrient deficiency in young children is iron deficiency. As infants enter the toddler stage, they no longer require dietary intake of the unsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Preschool and school-age children continue to grow and explore new interests. It is important to provide adequate energy and nutrients, while helping them establish healthful habits. Choose all the statements below that correctly describe the nutrient needs of preschool and school-age children. Preschool and school-age children have higher protein requirements per kilogram of body weight than do toddlers. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children meet their fluid needs with beverages that do not contain caffeine or added sugars. Because most children in the United States consume at least 3 servings of dairy per day, most meet the DRI for calcium. It is important that the diets of preschool and school-age children provide enough energy to support their growth and daily activities, but not so much as to cause excess weight gain. It is appropriate for preschool children to drink 1% fat milk instead of whole milk.

Adolescents need proper nutrition to support their still-growing bodies. However, many adolescents choose and/or purchase much of their own foods. These choices may be influenced by convenience, cost, body image concerns, their peers, or the media. Choose the statement about nutritional concerns during adolescence that is not correct. Both male and female adolescents are at risk for developing eating disorders. Both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may interfere with proper nutrient metabolism. A low glycemic load diet may reduce the incidence and severity of acne in teens. Due to the influences of their peers and the media, as well as the availability of inexpensive fast foods, adolescents are at risk for excessive weight gain. Adolescents generally consume recommended amounts of vegetables and fruits, but not whole grains.

A child's family and school environments can heavily influence behaviors related to eating and physical activity. Many different approaches can be taken to ensure these influences are positive. Choose all the statements below that describe effective strategies to prevent childhood obesity. Parents should only encourage their children to engage in vigorous and competitive sports (e.g., hockey, basketball, or gymnastics) since these require the children to expend more energy than less intense, noncompetitive activities (e.g., hiking, walking, and yoga). Engaging children in food shopping and meal preparation is not recommended because these activities place too much emphasis on eating and food and may lead to overeating. Children attending schools that offer garden-based learning may be more likely to increase their intake of fruits and vegetables. To increase self-efficacy, young children should be given the responsibility of choosing and preparing their own snacks. By eating a healthy diet and regularly engaging in physical activity, parents model obesity-prevention behaviors that children are likely to mimic.

Older adults have unique challenges in terms of their nutrient needs and physiological changes. Some changes may make it difficult to consume a healthful diet, so it is important to identify strategies to help overcome these obstacles. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about changes in older adults. In older adults with dysphagia, foods like creamy soups, applesauce, and yogurt are usually well tolerated. With age, taste and visual perception decline. Poor vision can make it difficult for older adults to get to a supermarket, and to prepare meals. Lean body mass increases in older adults. As people age, salivary production increases.

Being overweight and underweight are both concerning for older adults. Each is associated with unique health risks and may affect an older adult's quality of life. Choose the correct statement below about overweight and underweight in older adults. Older adults with dementia tend to gain weight. For older adults, being underweight may actually be more risky than being overweight. In the United States, about 20% of older adults are classified as obese. Thanks to advances in dental care, it is uncommon for older adults to lose weight due to problems with their teeth.

You are concerned that your 14-year-old cousin Devin might not be meeting her calcium needs (1300 mg/day) because she does not like milk. Today you note that she eats the following calcium-containing foods and beverages: • Breakfast: an 8-ounce container of nonfat yogurt with 450 mg calcium • Lunch: a vegetarian sandwich with one slice of swiss cheese with 225 mg calcium and 1/2 cup of calcium-fortified orange juice (300 mg/cup = 150 mg) • Afternoon snack: calcium-fortified energy bar with 350 mg calcium • Dinner: 1 cup cooked broccoli (95 mg calcium/cup) and 2/3 cup of calcium-fortified soy milk (300 mg/cup = 200 mg) Part A Did Devin meet her calcium RDA today?