Humanities Final Test Questions – Flashcards
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question
Why did Jesus of Nazareth identify himself as the Messiah?
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He never made this claim, his followers did.
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What promise became the foundation of Christian faith?
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Ressurection
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Which sect is associated with the dead sea scrolls?
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Essenes
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What is Masada one of the most symbolic sites in all of Israel?
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Represents the sacrifice of Jews rather than submit to Roman rule.
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Why are the gospels of Matthew mark and like known as the synoptic gospels ?
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Similar views of Jesus' life.
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From which cult did Christianity draw baptism, sacrifice for the good of humanity, and Jesu's birth date?
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The persian Mithras.
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Why in 325 CE did Constantine move his capital from Rome to Byzantium which he renamed Constantinople ?
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Rome was too vulnerable.
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What about its design made Justinian's San Vitale church in Ravenna unique?
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Octagon
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Why did the Byzantine emperor Leo III inaugurate a program of iconoclasm?
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No images
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As explained in the chapters continuity and change section, why is Venice home to a vast amount of Byzantine art?
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4th crusades
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Why was the Mecca important to the bedouin traders?
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Natural Springs
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Why was the Kaaba significant to the Bedouins?
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Housed images of the Gods
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Why is the Kaaba significant to Muslims today?
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Center of the universe
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What does the word Islam mean?
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Submission
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Why in 610 CE did the Archangel Gabriel first visit Mohammad?
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To receive messages
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Why do Muslims believe that the Qur'an cannot be translated?
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Direct word of God
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What is the hadith?
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Muhammad's sayings
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Why is the muslim year shorter than the christians year
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lunar calendar
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Why did mohammad allow muslim mens to have up to 4 wives
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to provide protective charity
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Why did Islam split into two main groups around 661
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disagreement
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Why in the Qu'ran are Muslim women advised to dress modestly?
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Avoid harassment
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Why do Muslims decorate their mosques without figurative images
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judgement
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Why perhaps were conquered africans eager to convert to islam
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to avoid enslavement
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why does Scheherazade in the thousand and one nights tell her husband a story each night
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to avoid execution
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why are practitioners of islam mystical branch called sufi from the arabic suf
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write intensive poetry
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As reported from the chapters continuity and change section why did the islam inevitably come into conflict with Christianity?
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islam believes Jesus was a prophet, not son of God
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What advantages did feudalism offer the fiefs?
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Use of land and protection
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Why did Europe's christians embark on pilgrimages?
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to atone to their sins
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What pilgrimages destination was most difficult to reach?
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Jerusalem
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What advantages did feudalism offer the nobels
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military support
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Why was the wergeld of a thane higher than that of a thrall
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kill slaves
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why is beowulf considered an english poem
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written in old english
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why does beowulf travel from Denmark to Sweden
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to kill grendel
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what was the main task of christian missionaries in England
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transfer peoples allegiance
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What was the book of keels moved from Iona off the Scottish coast to kells in Ireland
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protect from the vikings
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Why did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne the first holy roman emperor
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for christianizing the people of his vast empire
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Why did Charlemagne insist upon a christian education for his people
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more would enter priesthood
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why in 1066 did William of normandy invade England
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promised king
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why architectural feature especially distinguishes a romanesque church
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barrel vaults
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What effect was the space created by the Romanesque churches barrel vaults designed to produce for the pilgrims?
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raise their eyes
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Why were Romanesque churches portals of special importance?
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to define boundary between secular and sacred place
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Why was the courtly love poetry written in the common language instead of Latin?
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more people would enjoy
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What medieval cult is connected to the courtly love literature?
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cult of the virgin
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According to the chapters continuity and change section, if romanesque style represented rural monastic life what did the gothic style reflect
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emerging of the city
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why was gothic as applied to france new architecture originally a derogatory term
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goths destroyed classical traditions
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why was light vital to saint denis's design
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manifestation of god
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why were so many of the cathedrals called notre dame?
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dedicated to the virgin mary
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what religious relic does chartres cathedral house?
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the tunic of the virgins
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Why did the Gothic cathedrals contain stained glass programs?
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to tell bible stories to an illiterate audience
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Why is the Jesse tree a common stained glass motif?
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Marys royal lineage
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Which of the following innovations was key in gothic architecture
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riv vaulting
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Why did the Gothic cathedrals include flying buttresses?
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To spread out the weight
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What musical instrument became popular in the cathedrals ?
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Organ
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Why in 1179 did the cathedral school or Notre Dame in paris start admitting non clerical students?
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France had an excess of clergy
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Where was the first university founded?
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Bolgona, Italy
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On whose method did peter abreland have his teaching?
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Socrates
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Why was abreland castrated and forced to seek sanctuary in monastery ?
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He fell in love with a pregnant student
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What two subjects did scholasticism seek to reconcile?
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faith and reason
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What relic did Louis IX purchase on Crusade in Constantinople to display at Sainte Chapelle?
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Christs crown of thorns
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Why was Louis Ix so beloved by the french people ?
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Abolished reform tax structure
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Why did the Florentine families donate chapels to the mendicant churches?
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Guarantee family salvation
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Who created the first Creche?
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St Francis
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What exportation was a driving force in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?
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The meaning of being human
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Why did Siena experience population growth after 1125?
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freedom from feudalism
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Why were Sienas guild able to rise to such levels of power
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manufacturing
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Which guild in pre 1355 Siena was most powerful ?
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Merchants
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Why do Pictures of the virgin Mary abound in Siena?
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Siena called itself "ancient city of the virgin''
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On what trade was Florence's wealth based?
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Textiles
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Why by the end of the 14th century did florence become an important banking city?
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florence
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What was the Florentine bankers most important invention
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currency
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Who in Florence was eligible to serve in the government
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guild members
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Who was Florence's patron saint
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John the baptist
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Why in the arena chapel frescoes does Giotto deliberately abandon the Byzantine balance and symmetry ?
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To make the scenes look more realistic
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In the arena chapels frescoes, what is giotto the first artist since antiquity to depict?
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People from behind
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What is an advantage of the buon fresco technique?
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Becomes part of the wall.
