Humanities Chapter 3
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What defining event occurred on July 1, 1913?
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A radio signal was broadcasted from the top of the Eiffel tower establishing standard time
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What scientific/technological advances were made by Max Planck, Niels Bohr, and J.J. Thompson?
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quantum mechanics/new theory of complementarity/ detected the existence of separate components in the previously indivisible atom (subatomic particles)
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What portrait (painted by which artist) represents a shift in art form from the literal to the conceptual?
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Pablo Picasso - portrait of Gertrude Stein
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What work by Picasso was an "assault on the idea of painting"?
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Les Demoiselles d' Avignon
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Why was it so shocking?
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It was a painting of 5 naked prostitutes
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Who were the Fauves?
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a radical new group of experimental painters
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What artist "led" them?
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Henri Matisse
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What was the most important feature of their canvases?
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its radical application of arbitrary, or unnatural color
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What motivated Braque and Picasso to begin pasting paper, fabric, rope, and other objects to their canvases?
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capture the randomness of it (or the ambiguity of it)
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What Italian art movement that emphasized the close relationship between science and art?
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Futurism
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What did they consider to be the defining characteristic of modern urban life?
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speed
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What composer and choreographer were responsible for The Rite of Spring?
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Igor Stravinsky , Vaslav Nijinsky
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Why was it such a scandal?
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the musics angular, jarring, sometimes violent rhythmic inventiveness/ crowd did not like and booed them
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What artistic movement was created in Germany?
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Expressionism
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With what are Die Brücke artists associated?
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80-81
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What about Der Blaue Reiter?
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All obsessed with color
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Why did Arnold Schoenberg create his 12-tone system?
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he believed that every tone was equal to every other
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Why did he prefer the term "pantonal" to "atonal"?
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it implied the absence of musical tone altogether
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What is Imagist poetry?
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make images in sharp language
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Which early poet of twentieth-century America is credited with its invention?
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Ezra Pound
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What forms of literature did this poet explore?
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The japanese waka tradition and the haiku tradition
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What role did Walt Whitman play?
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opened poetry to the vast expanse and multiplicity of american culture
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Who was Eadweard Muybridge and what was his major contribution?
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An american photographer, shot images in rapid succession called them chronophotographs
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What were the limitations of Thomas Edison's films for the Kinetoscope?
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could only be seen by one person at a time, each of his motions pictures were only about 20 seconds long
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What were nickelodeons?
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a Theatre for the working class and most often to women and children
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Why did early silent films appeal especially to working-class, immigrant audiences?
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their rudimentary grasp of the english language was thus not a major obstacle to enjoying what remained primarily a visual medium
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How did W.B. Griffith change the film industry?
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single reel to multiple reels
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Despite its racist content, why is his The Birth of a Nation so important technically?
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the film was able to run for an uninterrupted period of time
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atonality
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music that seems to lack a clear tonal center
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Collage
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a piece of art made by sticking various different materials together
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Cubism
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simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes
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Fauvism
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style of painting with vivid use of color
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Polyrhythm
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a rhythm that makes use of two or more different rhythms simultaneously
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Polytonal
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the musical use of more than one key simultaneously
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Serial Compostition
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uses a serious of values to manipulate different musical elements
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Sprechstimme
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speech song
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12-tone system
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method of composing with 12 tones which are related only with one another
