Human Structure and Function week 1

The existence and maintainence of a relatively constant environment within the body

Homeostasis fluid surrounds each body cell, for cells to function normally the volume, temperature, Ph and chemical content of the fluid, variables must remain with in a narrow range : set point

integumentary, skeletal, lymphatic, muscular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, urinary, female/male reproductive systems

gross anatomy is the study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope

Surface anatomy is the study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures. eg. using the sternum and ribcage to identify the location of the hear.

Physiology is the study of the function or process of living things

Anatomy is the study of the body's stucture. eg. the size and shape of bones, and the relationship towards other body parts

1. chemical level: atoms combine to form molecules 2. cell level: molecules form organelles such as, the mitochondria and nucleus, which make up cells 3. Tissue level: similar cell and surrounding material make up tissue 4. Organ level: Diffrent tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder and the heart. 5. Organ system level: organs such as the urinary bladder and kidneys, make up an organ system, i.e. the urinary system 6: Organism level: organ systems make up an organism

Developmental Anatomy consider the anatomical changes from conception to adulthood

Histology is the study that examines the tissues which are composed of cells and the material surrounding them

Cytology examines the structural features of cells

1. organisation: specific relationships between the different parts of an organism and how those parts are able to work together 2. metabolism: metabolisms refers to all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism. 3. responsiveness: is an organisms ability to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes 4. Growth: growth refers to the increase in side or the numbers of cells. e.g.. muscle growth. 5. Development: includes the changes an organism undergo throughout time. e.g.. puberty.

Lying face down,

Lying face forward (able to hold soup)

1: epithelial 2: muscle 3: nervous 4: connective

(superior) 1: Thoracic cavity (middle) 2: Abdominal cavity (inferior) 3: Pelvic cavity

1. molecular 2. cellular 3. systemic 4. neurophysiology 5. renal 6. cardiovascular ect.

first row from right side: 1. right hypochondriac region 2. epigastric region 3. left hypochondriac region second row: 4. right lumber region 5. umbilical region 6. left lumber region bottom row: 7.right iliac region 8. hypogastric region 9. left iliac region

first top left: 1. right-upper quadrant 2. left upper quadrant 3. right lower quadrant 4. left lower quadrant

serous membrane lines the cavities in the trunk of the body and covers the organs within these cavities. 2 layers: parietal- lines the trunk cavities where as, visceral- layers lines the organs. serous fluid produced by the membrane fills the cavity between the two layers and acts as a lubricant between the organ and the body wall.

pericardium = heart lungs and thoracic cavity = pleura Abdominopelvic cavity = peritoneum

A organ system is a group of organs that work to perform a common function

temperature, volume and chemical content of the fluid

the mediastinum (middle wall) separates the thoracic cavity in to left and right portions. the mediastinum contains the heart, thymus, the trachea and eophagus and other structure such as blood vessels and nerves.

pathology deals with all aspects of disease

these regions and quadrants are useful for locating internal organs or describing the location of a pain or a tumor.

serous membranes line the trunk cavities. The parietal portions of a serous membrane lines the wall of the cavity, and the visceral portions is in contact with the internal organs. the serous membranes secrete fluid which fills the space between the visceral and the parietal membranes. the serous membranes protect the organs from friction. the pericardial cavity surrounds the heart, while the pleural cavity surrounds the lungs, and the peritoneal cavity surrounds the certain abdominal and pelvic organs. mesenteries are part of the peritoneum that hold the abdominal organs in placing provide a passageway for blood vessels and nerves to the organs. retroperitoneal organs are located 'behind' the parietal peritoneum