question

Strategy

answer

Plan for achieving a competitive advantage over its rivals

question

Cost leadership strategy

answer

Outperforming competing firms within an industry by maintaining the ability to offer the lowest costs for products or services; costs are the underlying focus; maximizes predictable employee outcomes (jobs functions)

question

Differentiation strategy

answer

Achieving competitive advantage over competing firms by providing something unique for which customers are willing to pay; jobs geared towards particular objective (creativity, customer service)

question

Company characteristics

answer

Size and stage of development; second organizational demand

question

Small businesses

answer

Generated between 60-80% of net new jobs over the past decade; hires 40% of tech workers; represents over 99% of all employers; roughly 50% of private-sector employees, more than 600k startup businesses are created each year

question

Stage of development

answer

Startup, emerging growth, maturity, decline/transition

question

Organizational culture

answer

Set of basic assumptions, values, and beliefs of a company's members; informal or unwritten side of the organization; shaped by company founder, history, actions of managers, etc.

question

Organizational culture influences employee management

answer

1) Affects managerial decisions about specific practices to use with HR functions; 2) Influences effectiveness of different HR practices; 3) effectiveness of employee management practices

question

Psychological contract

answer

Perceived obligations that employees believe they owe their company and that their company owes them

question

Work/life balance

answer

Balance between the demands of work and the demands of employees' personal lives

question

___% of mothers in US workforce have children under the age of ____

answer

60%; three

question

___million full-time employees had flexible work schedules in 2004

answer

27

question

Justice

answer

The expectations of employees about how they should be treated while at work

question

Distributive justice

answer

Fairness of what individuals receive from companies in return for their efforts

question

Procedural justice

answer

Perceptions of whether the processes that are used to make decisions, allocate rewards, or resolve disputes or that otherwise affect employees are viewed as fair

question

Procedural fairness criteria

answer

Consistency, bias suppression, accuracy, correctability, representativeness, ethicality

question

Consistency

answer

Managers should ensure that allocative procedures are consistent across people and over time

question

Bias suppression

answer

Managers need to prevent personal self-interest and blind allegiance to narrow preconceptions

question

Accuracy

answer

Decisions must be based on good information and informed opinion

question

Correctability

answer

Managers must be open to opportunities to modify or reverse decisions based on inaccurate information

question

Representativeness

answer

The allocation process must represent the concerns of all important subgroups and individuals

question

Ethicality

answer

The allocation process must be compatible with prevailing moral and ethical standards

question

Interactional justice

answer

How employees feel they are treated by their managers/supervisors in everyday interactions

question

Responses to perceived violations of psychological contracts

answer

Voice, silence, neglect, exit, destruction

question

Voice

answer

Actions an employee might take to correct a situation that he or she views as unfair

question

Silence

answer

A form of nonresponse and a willingness to live with the circumstances, even if they are viewed as unfair

question

Neglect

answer

Failure to completely fulfill one's duties

question

Exit

answer

Departure from the company

question

Destruction

answer

Counterproductive behaviors that damage the company, such as vandalism, theft and aggression

question

Environmental influences

answer

Labor force trends, technology, globalization, ethical/social responsibility

question

Labor force trends

answer

Aging workforce, demographic diversity

question

Percentage of individuals in 55-and-older age group is expected to grow ____ times as fast as the rest of the workforce

answer

Five

question

Percentage of individuals in 65-and-older age group is expected to grow ____ times as fast as the total labor force

answer

Ten

question

Women in the labor force is expected to grow by ____% byetween the years 2006 and 2016

answer

9

question

Women are expected to make up ____% of the US labor force in 2016

answer

47

question

Telecommute

answer

Work away from the traditional office setting using technology

question

Global International strategies

answer

Domestic, international, multinational, global, transnational

question

Domestic strategy

answer

Focuses on serving the market within a particular country

question

International strategy

answer

Expand the markets in which they compete to include multiple countries

question

Multinational strategy

answer

When companies establish autonomous or independent business units in multiple countries

question

Global strategy

answer

A company strives to achieve global efficiency

question

Transnational strategy

answer

Strives to achieve the benefits of both a global strategy and a multinational strategy

question

Offshoring

answer

Practice of sending work that was once performed domestically to companies in other countries or opening facilities in other countries to do the work

question

Global factors

answer

Economic considerations, cultural differences

question

Maquiladoras

answer

US-owned manufacturing plants in Mexico

question

Individualism-Collectivism

answer

Degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups

question

Power distance

answer

Degree of inequality among people that population of a country considers normal

question

Uncertainty avoidance

answer

Degree to which people in a country prefer structured situations with clear rules about how one should behave over unstructured situations that are more ambiguous

question

Masculinity-femininity

answer

Degree to which a society stresses values that have traditionally been viewed as masculine (assertiveness, performance, success, and competition) over feminine values (quality of life, personal relationships, service, care for the weak, solidarity)

question

Eight stakeholder groups with regard to ethics

answer

Shareholders, community, governance, diversity, employees, environment, human rights, product

question

Top 5 pressure points for unethical behavior

answer

Following the boss's directive, meeting overly aggressive business/financial objectives, helping the organization to survive, meeting scheduling pressures, wanting to be a team player

question

___% of US companies have written code of ethics

answer

79

Human Resources Management (Lepak/Gowan) – Chapter 2 – Flashcards

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