Human Growth Chapter 6 – Flashcards
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According to Erikson's theory, a mistrustful baby_______________.
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protects herself by withdrawing from people and things around her.
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Some basic emotions are happiness, fear, sadness, and__________.
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disgust
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Newborn babies respond with generalized distress___________.
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to changes in body temperature
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Expressions of______are less frequent than_______.
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sadness; anger
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Infants use________by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.
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social referencing
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Humans are capable of a higher- order set of feelings beyond basic emotion called________.
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self-conscious
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Self-conscious emotions typically appear____________.
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between 18 to 24 months
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Besides self-awareness,self-conscious emotions require________.
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adult instruction in when to feel proud, ashamed, or guilty.
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Emotional self-regulation refers to__________.
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the strategies children use to adjust their emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.
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_________is early- appearing, stable individual difference in reactivity and self-regulation.
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Temperament
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Reactivity refers to the_____________.
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quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.
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Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study demonstrated that_____________.
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temperament can protect a child from the negative effects of a highly stressful home life.
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In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study, _____percent of the children did not fit any category and showed unique blends and temperamental characteristics.
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35
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Most children classified by Thomas and Chess fell into the_________category.
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easy
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Temperament is assessed through___________.
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parental reports and observations
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On average,______________of individual differences in temperament and personality have been attributed to differences in genetic makeup.
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half
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Persistent nutritional and emotional deprivation_________temperament.
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profoundly alters
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__________involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while encouraging more adaptive functioning.
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Goodness of fit
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The________theory of attachment recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.
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ethological
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In all societies studied, the most common attachment pattern is the_________pattern.
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secure
