Human Growth – Ch. 7 & 8 – Flashcards
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During early childhood, girls are ----- than boys?
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slightly smaller and lighter
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By the end of early childhood, boys have more ---- whereas girls have more fatty tissue?
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more muscle
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Researchers found that children's brains experience?
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dramatic anatomical changes between the ages of 3 and 15
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Researchers have found that in children from 3 to 6 years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the?
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frontal lobe area
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Experts recommend that young children get how many hours of sleep each night?
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11-13 hours
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Children can experience a number of sleep problems, including narcolepsy which is characterized by?
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extreme daytime sleepiness
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Researchers have found children who have sleep problems?
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are more likely to show depression and anxiety
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's categories for obesity, overweight, and at risk for being overweight are determined by?
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body mass index
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only children and adolescents at or above the what percentile are classified as obese?
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97th
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Young children from what kind of families are the most likely to develop iron deficiency anemia?
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low income families
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The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is?
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car accidents
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The negative effects of high lead levels in children's blood include?
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lower intelligence, lower achievement, ADHD, and elevated blood pressure
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Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in what kind of countries?
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countries with high rates of poverty and low levels of education
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The second substage of preoperative thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the emergence of?
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primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions
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The use of language for self-regulation is called?
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scaffolding
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Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through?
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social interaction
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What kind of attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment?
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sustained attention
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children attend more efficiently to the dimensions of the task that are relevant after what ages?
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6 or 7
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By what age does a child recognize that another person will see what's in front of her own eyes instead of what's in front of the child's eyes?
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2 years of age
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The realization that people can have false beliefs—beliefs that are not true—develops in a majority of children by the time they are?
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5 years old
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Approximately how many children are estimated to have some sort of autism spectrum disorder?
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1 in 500
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It now is accepted that autism is linked to?
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genetic and brain abnormalities
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By the time they enter first grade, it is estimated that children know about how many words?
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14,000 words
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Around what age do children learn to change their speech style to suit the situation?
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4-5 years of age
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Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from what ages?
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birth to 3 years of age
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According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is?
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initiative vs. guilt
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According to Erik Erikson, the "great governor" of initiative is?
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conscience
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Self-conscious emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around what age?
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4-5 years of age
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What is responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings?
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empathy
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From what ages do children display heteronomous morality?
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4-7 years of age
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Gonads are?
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ovaries in females, testes in males
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A parent who is very uninvolved in a child's life, showing neither responsiveness or control, is?
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neglectful
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A parent who encourages his/her children to be independent, but still places limits and controls on their actions is a(n)?
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authoritative
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A parent who expects mature, independent, and age-appropriate behavior from his/her children is a(n)?
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indulgent
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Approximately what percentage of lesbians have children?
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20%
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Approximately what percentage of gays have children?
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10%
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Cultural changes that occur when one culture comes in contact with another is known as?
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cross culture
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Which type of play increases dramatically during the preschool years?
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social play
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*. Which type of play is most common among 10- to 12-year-olds?
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game playing
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Children's Saturday morning cartoons show about how many violent acts per hour?
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25
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Children's shows like Sesame Street are?
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positive social shows
