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conception

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occurs when a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube in a process called fertilization.

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266-280

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Typical prenatal development lasts between:

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first 2 weeks

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The germanial period of development takes place in this time after conception

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blastocyst

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Approximately 1 week after conception, the developing organism is called:

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embryo and trophoblast

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The blastocyst is composed of cells that will eventually develop into this and the:

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implantation

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Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, it is called:

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ectoderm

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The outermost layer of the embryo, which becomes the nervous system, sensory receptors, and skin

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mesoderm

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The middle layer of the embryo

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amnion, umbilical cord, placenta

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The life support system for the embryo consists of:

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placenta

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a group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not connect

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umbilical cord

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The structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mother's body

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placenta wall

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prevents large molecules like red blood cells and harmful substances, such as most bacteria and maternal wastes, from entering the fetus

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2

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The fetal period beings this many months after conception and lasts until birth

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6

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By the end of the fourth month, the fetus measures approximately this many inches

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7.5 lbs 20 inches

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At birth, the average American baby's weighs this much is approximately this many inches long

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100 B

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By the time babies are born, they have approximately this many neurons

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200,000

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At the peak of neurogenesis, it is estimated that as many as ___ neurons are being generated every minute

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monster

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'Teratogen' comes from the Greek word 'tera,' which means:

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a birth defect

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A teratogen is any agent that can cause:

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psychoactive

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drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods

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miscarriage

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research suggests that mothers who consume 200 or more milligrams of caffeine a day increase their risk of this

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early pregnancy loss

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According to studies, intakes of alcohol by both men and women during the weeks of conception increased the risk of:

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pregnant women either not consume caffeine or consume it only sparingly

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The Food and Drug Administration recommends the following:

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FASD- facial deformities and defective limbs, face and heart

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Sequoia is pregnant and drinks heavily 3 to 4 days a week. Her unborn child is at a high risk for developing:

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no alcohol be consumed

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Which of the following is the US Surgeon General's recommendation regarding alcohol intake during pregnancy?

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preterm births, low birth weights, fetal and neonatal deaths, respiratory problems, SIDS, cardiovascular problems

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The following are more likely to occur in the child of a woman who smokes

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Syphilis

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maternal diseases is characterized by eye lesions and skin lesions in her child

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afterbirth- placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled

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3rd stage of childbirth

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midwives help deliver babies while doulas support the mother

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midwives and doulas differ in that:

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anesthesia

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Gisela is having her first baby and has received a drug that will numb the entire lower area of her body during labor, called:

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the first month

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The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is typically performed with this much times after birth

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involution

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process by which the uterus returns to its pre pregnant size 5-6 weeks after birth

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proximodistal pattern

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pattern of growth is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities

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5-7

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in the first several days of life, most newborns lose this percent of their body weight before they adjust to feeding by sucking swallowing, and digesting

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4 months

answer

Infants usually double their birth weight by the age of:

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1/5 1/2

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By two years of age, children have reached about ___ of their adult weight and about ___ of their adult height

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25

answer

At birth, the newborn's brain is about ___ percent of its adult weight

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75

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By the second birthday, the brain is about this percent of its adult weight

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halves (hemispheres) lobes

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The cerebral cortex has two ____, each which is further divided into four _____

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frontal

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In the cerebral cortex, these lobes are involved in voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and intentionality or purpose

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accipital

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These lobes in the cerebral cortex function in vision

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temporal

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In the cerebral cortex, these lobes have an active role in hearing, language processing, and memory.

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parietal

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The areas in the cerebral cortex that play important roles in registering spatial location, attention, and motor control are known as:

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axon

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the fiber that carries signals away from the neuron's cell body is called:

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dendrite

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The fiber that carries signals toward the neuron's cell body is called

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myelin sheath

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This is a layer of fat cells that encases many axons, insulates axons, and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon

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repeated experience

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Neuroscientists believe that what wires the brain or rewires it after birth is:

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6 months

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By this age, babies would usually have moved closer to adult-like sleep patterns, spending the most time sleeping at night and the most times awake during the day.

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excessive parental involvement

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Infant night-walking problems have consistently been linked to:

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1/2

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This percent of an infant's sleep is REM sleep

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SIDS

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a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing usually during the night, and die suddenly without an apparent cause

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2-4 months

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In which of the following age groups is the risk of SIDS the highest

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less likely using a fan or pacifier, low birth weight, siblings died of it, sleep apnea, African American/eskimo, lower socioeconomic, exposed to cigarette smoke, soft bedding, abnormal brain stem function

answer

Risk Factors of SIDS:

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sleep apnea

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temporary cessation of breathing in which the airway is completely blocked, usually for 10 seconds or longer, is a risk factor for SIDS

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many US parents aren't feeding their babies enough fruits and vegetables

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A national study of more than 3,000 randomly selected 4 to 24 month olds documented that:

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Arnold Gesell

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The developmentalist who believed that motor skills development comes about through maturation

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reflexes

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are built-in reactions to simuli; they govern the newborn's movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn's control.

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rooting

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When Martha wants to feed her newborn son, she gently brushes her nipple against his cheek and, in this kind of reflex, he turns head toward the side that was touched and immediately latches on to her breat

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gross motor

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skills that involve large-muscle activites, such as moving one's arms and walking

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palmer grasp

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Initially, infants grip the whole hand, which called:

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sensation

answer

occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors- the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin

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Eleanor and James J Gibson

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The theorists who developed the ecological view of perceptual development in infancy

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20/240

answer

The newborn's vision is estimated to be this on the well-known Snellen chart used for eye examinations

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intermodal perception

answer

involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities

Human Growth and Development Chap 3 & 4 – Flashcards

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