question

On average, children grow _____ inches per year during middle and late childhood.

answer

2-3

question

On average, children gain _____ pounds per year during middle and late childhood.

answer

5-7

question

During elementary school years, most children double their:

answer

strength capabilities

question

During elementary school years, head circumference and waist circumference:

answer

decrease in relation to body height

question

Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of:

answer

increased myelination of the central nervous system

question

What is the most common cause of death for children in middle childhood?

answer

motor vehicle accidents

question

Which of the following is true of overweight children?

answer

at risk for developing pulmonary problems, such as sleep apnea, hip problems, diabetes, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and low self-esteem

question

Which of the following statements about children and cardiovascular disease is true?

answer

it is uncommon in children

question

A recent study found that children with a high body mass index and waist circumference are at risk for _____ a constellation of factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.

answer

metabolic syndrome

question

_____ is the second leading cause of death in U.S. children 5 to 14 years of age.

answer

cancer

question

The incidence of cancer in children has _____ in recent years.

answer

slightly increased

question

Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children?

answer

leukemia

question

_____ are characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.

answer

child cancers

question

One in every _____ children in the United States develops cancer before the age of 19.

answer

330

question

Approximately _____ of all children from 3 to 21 years of age in the United States receive special education or related services.

answer

14%

question

A learning disability:

answer

describes a child who has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling

question

About _____ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.

answer

3 times

question

A number of causes for ADHD have been proposed, including:

answer

inherit from parents, damage to brain, cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development, and low birth weight

question

Boys are _____ as likely to have autism spectrum disorders as girls are.

answer

four times

question

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) requires that:

answer

all schools have services for children with disabilities of all kinds

question

Piaget proposed that the concrete operational stage lasts from approximately _____ years of age.

answer

7-11

question

Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are also capable of _____, which is the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension.

answer

seriation

question

Which of the following is a strategy for improving children's memory skills?

answer

encourage children to engage in mental imagery, motivate children to remember material by understanding it rather than by memorizing it, repeat with variation on the instructional information and link early and often, and embed memory-relevant language when instructing children

question

The _____ theory states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations: verbatim memory trace, and gist.

answer

fuzzy trace

question

According to the fuzzy trace theory, at some point during the early elementary school years, children begin to use gist more and this contributes to the improved memory and reasoning of older children because _____ are more enduring and less likely to be forgotten than _____.

answer

fuzzy traces, verbatim traces

question

The term "individual differences" in the text discussion of intelligence refers to:

answer

the stable, consistent ways in which people are different from each other

question

Mental age (MA) is:

answer

an individual's level of mental development relative to others

question

Howard Gardner has developed _____ types of intelligence.

answer

8

question

A gifted child has an IQ of _____ or higher.

answer

130

question

By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately:

answer

40,000 words

question

The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.

answer

phonics

question

Which of the following is a description a 9-year old is most likely to use to describe himself?

answer

psychological and social characteristics

question

Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life?

answer

self-concept

question

Self-esteem refers to _____ self-evaluation while self-concept refers to _____ self-evaluation.

answer

global, domain-specific

question

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called:

answer

industry versus inferiority

question

Julio cannot get his science project to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. According to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk for developing a sense of:

answer

inferiority

question

_____ is the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

answer

postconventional reasoning

question

Kohlberg emphasized perspective taking and _____ as critical aspects of the social stimulation that challenges children to change their moral reasoning.

answer

peer interaction

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered an arbitrary rule?

answer

not lying to your boss about your late report

question

Moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal and:

answer

obligatory

question

Comparing the math and visuospatial abilities of males and females show that:

answer

most males outperform the majority of females

question

In which of the following areas has it been found that girls exhibit better skills than boys?

answer

verbal skills

question

Boys are more _____ aggressive, whereas girls are more _____ aggressive.

answer

physically, verbally

question

Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that:

answer

girls engage in more prosocial behavior

question

Approximately _____ of stepfamily couples stay remarried.

answer

1/3

question

Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is NOT true?

answer

the largest number of stepfamilies are preceded by death of a spouse

question

The term that describes the extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is:

answer

sociometric status

question

All of the following are peer statuses EXCEPT _____.

answer

conforming

question

Kenneth Dodge argues that children go through five steps in processing information about their social world. Which of the following is NOT one of those steps?

answer

reflecting on social response choices

question

In a national survey of more than 15,000 sixth- through tenth-grade students, nearly ______ of the students reported experiencing bullying as either a victim or a perpetrator.

answer

one of every three

question

Children who are bullied have increased feelings of _____.

answer

loneliness

question

Children's friendships are typically characterized by:

answer

similarity

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of childhood friendships?

answer

cultural regulation

question

The direct instruction approach to student learning and assessment is one of the two approaches. The other one is called the _____ approach.

answer

constructivist

question

Which of the following results do advocates of state-mandated testing argue will be positive outcomes of the testing?

answer

increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested

question

Almost _____ of African American and Latino students attend schools in which 90% or more of the students are from minority groups.

answer

1/3

Human Growth and Development Ch. 9 & 10 – Flashcards

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