Human Growth 9-10 – Flashcards
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Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of
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increased myelination of the central nervous system
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What is the most common cause of death for children in middle childhood
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motor vehicle accidents
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Which of the following is true of overweight children
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n many countries girls are more likely than boys to be overweight
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Which of the following statements about children and cardiovascular disease is true
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high blood pressure goes undiagnosed in 75% of children
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A recent study found that children with a high body mass index and waist circumference are at risk for _____ a constellation of factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes
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metabolic syndrome
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_____ is the second leading cause of death in U.S. children 5 to 14 years of age
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cancer
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The incidence of cancer in children has _____ in recent years
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slightly increased
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Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children
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leukemia
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_____ are characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells
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all child cancers
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One in every _____ children in the United States develops cancer before the age of 19
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330
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Approximately _____ of all children from 3 to 21 years of age in the United States receive special education or related services
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14%
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A learning disability
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has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using writing and spelling
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About _____ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability
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3 times
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Boys are _____ as likely to have autism spectrum disorders as girls are
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4 times
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) requires that
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broad mandates for services to children with disabilities of all kinds
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Piaget proposed that the concrete operational stage lasts from approximately _____ years of age
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7-11
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Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are also capable of _____, which is the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension
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seriation
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Which of the following is a strategy for improving children's memory skills
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encourage children to engage in mental imager
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The _____ theory states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations: verbatim memory trace, and gist
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fuzzy trace
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The term "individual differences" in the text discussion of intelligence refers to
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differences among individuals that are stable over time
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Mental age (MA) is
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an individuals level of mental development relative to others
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Howard Gardner has developed _____ types of intelligence
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8
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A gifted child has an IQ of _____ or higher
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130 or higher
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By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately
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40,000 words
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The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds
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phonics approach
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Which of the following is a description a 9-year old is most likely to use to describe himself
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psychological traits and characteristics
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Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life
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self-esteem
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Self-esteem refers to _____ self-evaluation while self-concept refers to _____ self-evaluation
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global, domain-specific
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Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called
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industry v.s inferiority
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Julio cannot get his science project to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. According to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk for developing a sense of
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inferiority
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_____ is the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development:
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post conventional level full internalization
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Kohlberg emphasized perspective taking and _____ as critical aspects of the social stimulation that challenges children to change their moral reasoning
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peer interaction
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Which of the following would NOT be considered an arbitrary rule
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not lying to your boss about your late repor
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Moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal and
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obligatory
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Comparing the math and visuospatial abilities of males and females show that
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math shows no difference, boys are better at visuospatial
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In which of the following areas has it been found that girls exhibit better skills than boys
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reading and writing
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Boys are more _____ aggressive, whereas girls are more _____ aggressive
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physically, verbally
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Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that
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girls engage in more prosocial behavior
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Approximately _____ of stepfamily couples stay remarried:
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1/3
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Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is NOT true
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the largest number of stepfamilies are proceeded by death of a spouse
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The term that describes the extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is
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sociometric status
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All of the following are peer statuses EXCEPT _____:
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conforming
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Kenneth Dodge argues that children go through five steps in processing information about their social world. Which of the following is NOT one of those steps
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reflecting on social response choices
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In a national survey of more than 15,000 sixth- through tenth-grade students, nearly ______ of the students reported experiencing bullying as either a victim or a perpetrator
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1/3
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Children who are bullied have increased feelings of _____
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loneliness
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Children's friendships are typically characterized by
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similarity
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Which of the following is NOT a function of childhood friendships
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cultural regulation
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The direct instruction approach to student learning and assessment is one of the two approaches. The other one is called the _____ approach
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constructive
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Which of the following results do advocates of state-mandated testing argue will be positive outcomes of the testing
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increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested
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