HSC4201 – Flashcard
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A community is a group of people who have common characteristics.
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true pg. 5
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Dr. Edward Jenner successfully demonstrated the process of vaccination as a protection against smallpox in the 20th century.
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false pg. 11
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America spends more _________ on health care (estimated at $9808 in 2014) than any other nation.
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per capita annually pg. 23
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Health disparities are defined as ...
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the difference in health among different populations pg. 25
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A vision of Healthy People 2020 is to identify critical research, evaluation, and data collection needs.
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false pg. 20
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Which agency maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports on all types of diseases?
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centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) pg. 47
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Agencies that are funded primarily through tax dollars are referred to as...
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governmental agencies pg. 37
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The Secretary of Health and Human Services is...
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appointed by the president pg. 43
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The core functions of public health are utilized by state health agencies.
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true pg. 52
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The American Red Cross is classified as a quasi-governmental health organization.
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true pg. 56
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Community capacity is the characteristics of communities that affect their ability to identify, mobilize, and address social and public health problems.
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true pg. 135
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Those who control, both formally and informally, the political climate of the community are referred to as gatekeepers.
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true pg.139
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Health education and health promotion are terms that can be used interchangeably.
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false pg. 145
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"To help employees learn how to manage their stress," is an example of a program objective.
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false pg. 149
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If those who initiate community organization are members of the community, the movement is referred to as being grass-roots.
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true pg. 139
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An assumption one can make while organizing a community is...
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people should participate in making, adjusting, or controlling the major changes within their communities pg. 136
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A temporary group that is brought together for dealing with a specific problems is a...
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task force pg. 141
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A process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population is...
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program planning pg. 146
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"When asked in class, 50% of the students will be able to list the four principles of cardiovascular conditioning," is an example of a...
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learning objective pg. 150
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The evaluation that focuses on immediate observable effects of a program is
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impact evaluation pg. 154
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Schools have immeasurable potential for affecting the health of children, their families, and the health of the community.
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true pg. 162
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The ideal school health council would include representation from a wide variety of school personnel, community members, and community health agencies.
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true pg. 163
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School health policies include laws, mandates, regulations, standards, resolutions, and guidelines to provide a foundation for school district practices and procedures.
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true pg. 167
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School districts in the United States are required to have a school health coordinator.
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false pg. 169
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Things like indoor air quality, lighting, playgrounds, and school bus safety are part of the school's psychosocial environment.
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false pg. 157
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The group whose primary role is to provide coordination of the various components of the Coordinated School Health Program is the...
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school health council pg. 147
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Numerous resources became available to help schools develop policies because of the requirements of...
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the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 pg. 168
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Because of the low priority given to health in many school districts, much of the health education is provided by...
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individuals other than health education specialists pg. 179
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A common topic of controversy in school health education is...
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suicide pg. 178
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Barriers to school health education include...
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lack of time in the school year/day pg. 180
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A primary care physician is concerned with the course of a disease in an individual, while an epidemiologist is concerned with the course of disease in a population.
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true pg 68
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An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population defines a pandemic.
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false pg. 69
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An endemic disease is one that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course.
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true pg. 69
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People afflicted with a disease are referred to as cases.
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true pg. 72
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Prevalence rates are calculated by dividing all current cases of a disease by the total population.
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true pg. 73
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An epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure is a...
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propagated epidemic curve pg. 92
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When using criteria of causation, the criterion that addresses the issue of whether the association been reported in a variety of people, exposed in a variety of setting, and can have repeatable results by other researchers is...
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consistency pg. 97
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When using criteria of causation, the criterion that asks if the disease or health problem associated with the exposure is the only one is...
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specificity pg. 97
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An outbreak of disease over a wide geographic region is a(n)...
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pandemic pg. 69
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The practice of assigning subjects to treatments or control groups in a completely random manner is...
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randomization pg. 95
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The common cold is an example of a chronic communicable disease...
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false pg. 108
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AIDS and tuberculosis are examples of chronic communicable diseases.
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true pg. 108
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Coronary heart disease is an example of a chronic noncommunicable disease.
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true pg. 108
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Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are a leading cause of death in the United States.
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true pg. 112
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Mammography for breast cancer is an example of primary prevention.
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false pg. 125
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The capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host is...
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pathogenicity pg. 108
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When prioritizing prevention and control efforts, health officials use data from...
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all of the above pg. 115
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Health education and health promotion programs are examples of...
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primary prevention pg. 117
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Inspection of restaurants and immunization programs that reach all citizens are examples of...
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primary prevention of communicable diseases pg. 119
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Communities implementing case-finding measures and providing adequate health personnel, equipment, and facilities for the community are examples of...
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secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases pg. 125
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The mortality rates of children have gone down significantly in the past couple of decades.
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true pg. 193
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A teenage mother is at greater risk for pregnancy complications than a mother older than 20.
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true pg. 198
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An infant death is an important part of a nation's health because it is associated with a variety of factors, such as maternal health, quality of access to medical care, socioeconomic conditions, and public health practices.
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true pg. 210
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FMLA provides paid family leave for women and men after the birth of a child.
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false pg. 229
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The majority of individuals enrolled in the WIC program are infants.
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false pg. 226
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Teenagers who become pregnant and have a child are more likely than their peers who are not mothers to...
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not get married or have a marriage end in divorce pg. 198
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Title X was signed into law to provide...
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family planning services and help to all who wanted them but could not afford them pg. 200
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The overwhelming majority of all abortions are performed on...
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unmarried mothers pg. 204
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The neonatal mortality period is death that occurs up to...
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28 days after birth pg. 211
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Child health is assessed for those ages...
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1 to 9 years pg. 217
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Adults are categorized as those ages 25-64
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True pg. 239
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Homicide is the second leading cause of death in the 15- to 24- year old group, and it is the leading cause of death among black Americans
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True pg. 243
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Research indicates that the more education a person has, the more likely he or she is to use tobacco
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False pg. 250
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Obesity in the United States is considered an epidemic
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True pg. 259
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The percentage of adults with diagnosed diabetes has decreased significantly over the past 20 years
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False pg. 262
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Most of the physical threat to health for adolescents and young adults stems from
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behavior and environment pg. 243
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The racial/ethnic group of high school students most likely to report current cigarette usage is
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white Americans pg. 247
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Most colleges and universities have programs in place to address the issue of violence
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true pg. 250
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Body Mass Index (BMI) is the primary way obesity is measured in the US population, and in the adult population, a BMI of ___ or greater indicates an individual is obese
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30 pg. 259
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The highest rates of smokeless tobacco use in high school students is in
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white males pg. 247
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The "old old" are those older adults ages 75 and older
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False pg. 273
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As the baby boomers move into their older years, the number of divorced elders will grow two- to threefold
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true pg. 281
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The actual number of chronic conditions increases with age
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true pg. 284
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Compared to other age groups, elders are the heaviest users of health care services
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true pg. 292
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Adult day care programs are required to provide health care services
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False pg. 296
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In the United States, people are considered older adults when they reach the age of
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65 pg. 273
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A comparison between those individuals whom society considers economically unproductive and those considered economically productive is the
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dependency ratio pg. 278
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Important vaccinations for elders include
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pneumonia and influenza pg. 286
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Housekeeping, transportation, and assistance with business affairs are examples of
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instrumental tasks pg. 290
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Planned short-term care, usually for the purpose of relieving a full-time informal caregive is
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respite care pg. 296
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Infant mortality data within the United States are characterized by a long-standing and serious disparity among racial and ethnic minorities.
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true pg. 320
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In the US, racial and ethnic categories are used in statical activities and program administration reporting, including the monitoring and enforcement of civil rights.
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true pg. 306
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More than 70% of African Americans live in the southern regions of the United States.
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false pg. 310
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For Asian Americans, the concept of balance is related to health and imbalance is related to disease.
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true pg. 313
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People of Mexican origin are the largest Hispanic group in the US.
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true pg. 309
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The Indian Health Service is responsible for providing federal health services to the 566 federally recognized Native American and ___ tribes.
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alaska natives pg. 314
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The three kinds of power associated with empowerment are...
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social, political, and psychological pg. 331
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The largest minority group in the United States is...
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americans of hispanic origin pg. 308
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_______ is a most common form of Hispanic folk medicine.
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cuanderismo pg. 309
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High school completion rates in the United States are highest for...
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asian americans pg. 312
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Mental illness is the second leading cause of disability in the United States
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false pg. 339
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The number of resident patients in state and county mental hospitals has declined signlificantly since the 1950s
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true pg. 347
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Community mental health centers are fully staffed centers that were originally funded by the federal government that provide comprehensive mental health services to local populations.
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true pg. 349
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Stress is a significant cause of mental illness
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true pg. 343
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Military service in a combat zone decreases one's risk of experiencing PTSD
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false pf. 345
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The most influential book in mental health is
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the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition
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The widespread use of lobotomies became unnecessary because of
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antipsychotic and antidepressive drugs
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Treatment goals for mental disorders include which of the following?
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improve personal and social functioning
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The concept of equality in health care coverage for people with mental illness and those with other medical illnesses or injuries is
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parity
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Medicaid's role in covering individuals with mental disorders diminished even further with the passage of the federal Affordable Care Act
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false pg. 357
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Physical dependence on drugs means that discontinues use will result in clinical illness
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true pg. 367
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Nicotine is a psychoactive and addictive drug
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true pg. 376
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President Reagan signed a bill that made 0.08% BAC the national standard
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false pg. 376
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Illicit drugs cannot be cultivated, manufactured, bought, sold, or used within the confines of the law
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true pg. 380
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Amphetamines are hallucinogens
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fale pg. 385
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The most abused illicit drug in the United States is
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marijuana pg. 381
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An illicit drug produced in dangerous clandestine labs across the country is
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methamphetamines pg. 386
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The largest institution in the world devoted to drug abuse research is the
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National institute on drug abuse (NIDA) pg. 393
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The smallest amount of the federal drug control budget is spent on
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prevention pg. 392
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Tertiary prevention programs for drug abuse treatment are usually designed for
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adults pg. 389
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Health care delivery in the United States is very similar to other developed countries
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false pg. 409
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Nurses are an example of limited care providers
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false pg. 421
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Public hospitals are often found in small, rural communities
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false pg. 425
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The Joint Commission is the predominant organization responsible for accrediting health care facilites
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true pg. 429
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The major determinants of access to health care in the United States are insurance coverage and the generosity of that coverage
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true pg. 431
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In the third-party payment system, the provider is the
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second party pg. 412
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A written agreement between a private insurance company and an individual or group of individuals to pay for certain health care costs during a certain time period in return for regular, periodic payments is a health insurance...
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policy pg. 440
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Medicare is available to those
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with certain disabilities pg. 444
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The part of Medicare that is the hospital insurance portion is
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part a pg. 444
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The government insurance program that specifically targets low-income children who are ineligible for Medicaid
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CHIP pg. 448
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A condition that occurs when warm air traps cooler air at the surface of the earth is greenhouse gases
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false pg. 473
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The number one cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers is secondhand smoke
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false pg. 478
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Virtually all surface water is polluted and needs to be treated before it can be safely consumed
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true pg. 486
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The EPA regulates the registration and labeling of pesticides
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true pg. 494
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Solid waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment is classified as municipal waste
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false pg. 496
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The practice of establishing and maintaining healthy or hygienic conditions in the environment is
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sanitation pg. 480
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The substance that remains after humans have used water for domestic or commercial purposes is
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wastewater pg. 487
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The federal law aimed at ensuring that all rivers are swimmable and fishable and that limits the discharge of pollutants in U.S. waters to zero is the
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clean water act pg. 499
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The most desirable form of integrated waste management is
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source reduction pg. 499
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Those at greatest risk of lead poisoning are
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young children pg. 503
