HOSA Pathophysiology – Flashcards
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Abruptio Placentae
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Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to or during birth
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Acetylcholine
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Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
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Achlorhydria
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A condition in which hydrochloric acid is absent in the stomach
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Achondroplasia
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An autosomal dominant disorder of defective cartilage formation in the fetus
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Achondroplastic dwarfism
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A condition caused by defectivce cartilage formation that results in improper bone development
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Acidosis
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The condition in which the production of acid lowers the body's pH
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Acne
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Blackheads, pimples. and pustules that result from hormonal changes that occur most often during puberty
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Acne Rosacea
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Tiny pimples and broken blood vessels on the cheeks, chin, and noe of some fair-skinned people
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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The deadly disease caused by HIV that destroys an individual's immune system, making the victim remarkable susceptible to infection
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Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
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A rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in defective malabsorbtion of zinc
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Acromegaly
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The condition that results if an excessive production of growth hormone occurs after puberty
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Actinic Keratosis
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Wartlike lesions found on areas of the body that recieve excessive sun exposure
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Activated Lymphocytes
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White blood cells that have been stimulated by antigens that include B and T cells
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Active Immunity
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A type of artificial immunity; the person is given a vaccine or toxoid as the antigen, and he or she forms antibodies to counteract it
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Acute
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A disease that has had a sudden onset and a short duration
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Adenocarcinomas
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Cancerous glandular tumors
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Adenohypophysis
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The anterior and larger portion of the hypophysis; it is glandular and indirect communication with the hypothalamus of the brain
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Adenoma
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A benign tumor of glandular tissue that often develops in the breast, thyroid, gland, or mucous glands of the intestinal tract
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Adhesions
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Connective tissue fibers that anchor adjacent structures together; a kink-ing of the intestines
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Adipose
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Fat tissue
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Adrenal virilism
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Expression of secondary male sexual characteristics in females caused by a testosterone-secreting adrenal gland neoplasm
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Adrenalin
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A hormone of the sympathetic nercous system; the most vital therapy in treatment of allergy and can be self-injected in an emergency
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Adrenocorticotropic HOrmone (ACTH)
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The tropic that affects the adrenal cortex
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Adult (or Acute) Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Characterized by the devlopment of sudden breathlessness within hours to days of an inciting event such as trauma, sepsis (microorganisms growing in a person's blood), or drug overdose
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Affect
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Emotional state or feeling tone used to describe ones emotional expression
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Agglutinate
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Clumping or aggregation, as occurs in some antibody-antigen reactions
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Albinism
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An autosomal recessive disorder in which no melanin is formed, causing a person to have white hair, pale skin, and pink eyes
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Albuminuria
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The presence of the plasma protein albumin in urine
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Aldosterone
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The principle hormone from the adrenal cortex that causes sodium retention and potassium secretion by the kidneys
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Alleles
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Alternative forms of a gene
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Allergens
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Agents that intiate an allergic response
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Allergy
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Abnormal immunologic response to allergens such as pollen, dust, dog hair, and certain food/drugs
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Alpha cells
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Glucagon secreting cells of the endocrine pancreas
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Alpha-feto-protein
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Fetal protein found in maternal blood, and sometimes detected in adults with various cancers
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Alveoli
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Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
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Alzheimer's Disease
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A common form of dementia unique to humans usually over the age of 65
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Amenorrhea
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The absence of menstration
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Aminocentesis
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A diagnostic test for heriditary disease performed on fetal cells withdrawn from amniotic fluid
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Amoeboids
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A type of protozoa that moves with pseudopodia
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Amygdala
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Almond shaped stucture located deep within the brain
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Amylase
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A digestive enzyme which breaks down carbohydrates
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Amyotrophic (ALS)
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Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, a chronic, terminal degenerative disease of the motor nervous system
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Analgestics
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Medications that reduce pain
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Anaphylactic Shock
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A severe inflammation brought on by a severe antigen-antibody reaction such as occurs in an incompatible blood transfusion
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Anaphylaxis
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The condition of anaphylactic shock, which is life threatening state in which blood pressure drops and airways become restricted
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Anatomy
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Study of the normal structure of the body
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Androgenital syndrome
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A form of hyperadrenalism caused when the male hormone is secreted in excess
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Androgens
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The sex hormone in males
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Anemia
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A condition caused by a reduction of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin
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Aneurysm
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A localized dilation cuased by a weakening in the wall of a blood vessel
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Angina Pectoris
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The temporary chest pain or sensation of chest pressure caused by transient oxygen insufficiency
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Angiocardiography
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An x-ray of the heart and great vessels in which a contrast indicator (dye) is injected into the cardiovascular system
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Angioma
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A type of benign tumor composed of blood vessels, such as red birthmark or "port-wine" stain
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Angioplasty
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A procedure by which a balolon-tip catheters is inserted into the coronary arteries and expanded to break and crush the plaques
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Ankylosis
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Scar tissue formation at bone ends that can turn to bone, causing the ends to fuse
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Anorexia
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A loss of appetite
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Anorexia Nervosa
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A disease of psychoneurotic origin in which the aversion to food leads to emaciation and malnutrition found to be most common in teenage girls
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Antibiotic Resistance
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Resistance arising when bacteria adapt to antibiotics and the adaptation becomes common in the bacterial population, rendering the antibiotic ineffective
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Antibiotics
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Drugs used to treat bactertial infections
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Antibodies
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Proteins secreted by plasma cells that aid in defense against infectious agents
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Anticoagulant
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Medication used to prevent intravascular clotting.
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Antidiuretic hormone
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One of two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary.
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Antigen
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A substance, usually foreign to the body, which triggers the immune re-ponse
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Antihistamine
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A drug to counteract the unpleasant effects caused by the release of histamines in the body due to allergies. It has a drying effect on the mucous mem-branes of the mouth and throat.
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Antitussive
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A substance administered to suppress a cough.
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Anuria
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The total stoppage of urine production.
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Anxiety Disorder
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Includes a number of disorders in which the primary feature is abnormal or inappropriate anxiety that interferes with daily work, school, recreational, and family activities. Includes several subtypes: panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorders, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Aorta
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The largest artery that carries blood away from the heart to the arteries.
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Aortic Stenosis
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The narrowing of the valve leading into the aorta
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Aphasia
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Loss of speech
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Aphonia
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Inability to produce sounds from the larynx.
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Aplasia
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Developmental failure leading to the absence of a structure or tissue.
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Apnea
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Temporary cessation of breathing.
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Apoptosis
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Cell death or cell deletion by fragmentation into membrane particles, which are phagocytosed by other cells.
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Arrhythmia
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A deviation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat.
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Arterial Blood Gas (ABGs)
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A blood test that is performed to determine the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate, as well as the pH of the blood.
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Arteriosclerosis
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Progressive hardening of blood vessels, especially arteries
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Arthritis
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The inflammation of a joint
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Ascites
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Fluid that develops as a result of liver failure and accumulates in the peritoneal cavity.
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Aspermia
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Caused when there is no formation or emission of sperm due to the absence of the gonadotropic hormones in a male before puberty.
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Asthma
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A disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchal tree to various stimuli, which tends to cause dyspnea and wheezing.
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Astigmatism
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Caused by the front surface of the eye, the cornea, having an irregular curvature or the lens having irregularities.
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Astrocytoma
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Basically benign, slow-growing tumors of the brain.
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Atelectasis
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A state in which the lung, in whole or in part, is collapsed or without air.
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Atherosclerosis
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The accumulation of fatty material under the inner lining of the arterial wall.
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Atresia
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The absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure.
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Atrophic
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A degenerating, wasting condition.
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Atrophy
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The decrease in size or function of an organ.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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Neurobiological disorder characterized by prominent symptoms of innattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
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Aura
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A warning signal such as the symptoms that precede an epileptic seizure.
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Auscultation
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Listening with a stethoscope for sounds within the body, such as heart valve sounds or the lungs, during an exam.
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Asutistic Disorder
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Developmental disorder of reciprocal language and social interactions, with stereotypical behavior.
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Autoantibodies
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Antibodies produced against self-antigens.
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Autoimmune Diseases
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Failure of immune tolerance; activated T cells and antibodies attack the body's own tissue.
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Autosomes
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Name for 44 of the 46 chromosomes.
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B Lymphocytes
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Lymphocytes that produce antibodies in cell-mediated immunity
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Bacilli
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Rod-shaped Bacteria cells
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Bacteria
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A single-celled organism with simple structure and lacking a nucleus.
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Bartholin's Glands
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Mucus-secreting glands situated at the vaginal entrance.
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Most common form of skin cancer.
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Basal Ganglia (Basal Nuclei)
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Nerve cell bodies deep within the white matter of the brain, which help control position and unconscious movements.
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Basophils
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A type of white blood cell that promotes inflammation and participates in allergic responses.
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Benign
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The term used to describe a noncancerous neoplasm or tumor.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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Enlargement of the prostate gland in older men
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Berberi
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Thiamine deficiency includes dry or wet syndromes, cerebral beriberi, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
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Beta Cells
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Insulin-secreting cells of the endocrine pancreas
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Beta human chorionic gonadotropin
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Hormone secreted during pregnancy
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Bile
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Substance secreted by the liver and necessary for fat digestion; consists of water, bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin.
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Biliary Calculi
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Gallstones; consist mainly of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium.
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Biliary Cirrhosis
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A form of cirrhosis resulting from cholecystitis.
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Bilirubin
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A colored pigment produced when hemoglobin breaks down.
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Binary Fission
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Process in which bacteria reproduce by splitting in half.
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Binge
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Eating excessive amounts of food within a restricted period of time.
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Biopsy
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Procedure in which a small sample of a tissue is surgically removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities.
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Bipolar Disorder
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Mood disorder associated with shifts from depression to mania. Includes three subcategories: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.
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Blunted Conduct
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Dull behavior bearing no relationship to social signals; may occur in persons with schizophrenia.
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Bowman's capsule
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A sac containing the glomerular capillaries; also called glomerular capsule.
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Bradycardia
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Heart rate of 60 beats per minute or less
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Bradykinesia
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Slowness of movement.
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Bradykinn
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Substance released by damaged tissue that promotes inflammation
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Bronchi
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Passageway that leads from the trachea to the lung
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Bronchioles
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Small soft tissue tubules with smooth muscle wrappings that connect small bronchi to alveolar structures.
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Bronchitis
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Inflammation of the bronchi; may be acute or chronic
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Bronchogenic Carcinoma
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Most common type of lung cancer that arises from the bronchial tree.
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Bronchopneumonia
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Type of pneumonia that may develop as a result of small bronchi becoming obstructed because of infection or aspirated gastric contents.
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Bulbourethral glands
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A pair of glands that secrete into the urethra as it enters the penis
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Bulimia Nervosa
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A gorge-purge syndrome, the opposite of, yet similar to, anorexia nervosa
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Bundle of His
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The specialized tissue in heart muscle capable of sending the impulse for contraction to the ventricles
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Bursae
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Sacs of fluid situated near the joint to reduce friction on movement
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of the bursae
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CT Scan
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Computed tomography scan; 3-D computer aided x-ray
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Cachexia
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Condition caused when a patient becomes weak and emaciated in appearance due to the rapid growth of a malignant tumor; also accompanies many chronic diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis
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Calcium
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Mineral essential for bone and tooth structure and for cell physiology
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Capsid
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Protein coat of viruses
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Carbuncles
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Clusters of boils
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Carcinogens
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Various chemicals that promote cancer development
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Carcinoma
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Type of cancer affecting epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes lining body cavities. Also, the malignancy of glandular tissue such as the breast, liver, and pancreas
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Carcinoma in situ
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Premalignant lesion, the earliest stage of cancer in which the underlying tissue has not yet been invaded
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Cardiac Catherterization
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Procedure in which a catheter is passed into the heart through appropriate blood vessels to sample the blood in each chamber for oxygen content and pressure
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Cardiac Cycle
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The alternate contraction and relaxation of atria and ventricles
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Cradiac Sphincter
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Muscular gateway between the esophagus and stomach
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Cardiogenic Shock
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The result of extensive myocardial infarction, it is often fatal, but drugs to combat it are sometimes effective
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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Pertains to both heart and lung assistance by emergency or trained personnel to rhythmically compress chest and breathe into victim's airway until medical services can be provided
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Carotene
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A plant pigment from which vitamin A is derived
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Caseous
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The term used to describe soft and cheese-like lung tissue in tuberculosis
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Casts
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Molds of kidney tubules consisting of coagulated protein and blood.
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Cataracts
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Clouding of the eye lens to the point of opacity
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Catatonic
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Motor disturbance that may occur in persons with schizophrenia
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Cell Walls
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A rigid layer of organic material surrounding delicate cell membranes of bacteria
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Cell-mediated immunity
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Protection from infection provided by T cells
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Cellultis
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Spreading skin infection caused by streptococci
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Cerebrospinal
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A term pertaining to the brain and spinal cord; cerebrospinal fluid bathes these organs
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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
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A stroke
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Chancre
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An ulceration on the genitals in the primary stage of syphilis
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Chemotaxis
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The attraction of white blood cells to the site of inflammation
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Chemotherapy
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Systemic administration of medications to kill malignant cells
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Chlamydial Infection
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STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
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Cholecystectomy
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The surgical removal of the gallbladder
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Cholelithiasis
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The formation or presence of gallstones
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Cholesterol
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A fatty substance found in animal cell membranes
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Choriocarcinoma
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Malignant tumor of the placenta
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Chorionic Gonaotropin Hormone
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The hormone that indicates a positive pregnancy test
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Chorionic Villus Sampling
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Genetic test involving the removal of cells from the villi through the cervix
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Chromosome
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A molecule of DNA found in the human cell. Each human cell contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs
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Chronic
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A disease that may begin insidiously and be long-lived
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Chonic Fatigue Syndrom
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A disease that produces flulike symptoms, including severe and persistent fatigue, muscle and joint pain, and fever
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Chronic Obstuctive Pulmonary Disease
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The term used to describe a number of conditions, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, in which the exchange of respiratory gases in ineffective
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Chonic Ulcerative Colitis
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A serious inflammation of the colon, the origin of which is unknown
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Chymotryspin
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A digestive enzyme that digests protein
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Cilia
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The hairlike projections found in the mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract
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Ciliates
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A type of protozoa that moves using hairlike cilia
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Cirrhosis
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A chronic destruction of liver cells and tissues with a nodular, bumpy regeneration
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Co-morbid
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The occurance of two or more concurrent mental illnesses or conditions
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Coarctation
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A narrowing, or stricture, of the aorta that provides blood to the entire body
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Cocci
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Spherical, round bacterial cells
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Collagen
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A fibrous protein found in connective tissues, causing wounds to heal poorly
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Colostomy
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An artificial opening in the abdominal wall with a segment of the large iniestine attached
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Communicable
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An infectious disease transmitted from human to human
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Compact Bone
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Dense bone issue surrounding most bones
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Complication
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Diseases that develop in a patient already suffering from a disease
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Compression Sclerotherapy
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A treatment for varicose veins in which a strong saline solution is injected into specific sites within the vessel tract
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Computerized Tomography (CT Scan)
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A diagnostic imaging technique used to make diagnosis and determine the location of lesions or growths inside the body
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Concussion
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A transient disorder of the nervous system resulting from a violent blow on the head or from a fall
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Conduct Disorder
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Disruptive behavior disorder diagnosed in children
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Cone Biopsy
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Procedure in which a cone-shaped wedge of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix and examined under a microscope
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Congenital Diseases
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Diseases that appear at birth or shortly after but are not caused by genetic or chromosomal abnormalities
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Conjunctiva
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The membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball
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Cohn's Syndrome
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A form of hyperadrenalism in which aldosterone is excreted in excess
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Contagious
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An infectious disease transmitted from human to human
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Continuous Airway Positive Pressure(C-PAP)
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Nasal CPAP delivers air into your airway through a specially designed nasal mask or pillows; the flow of air creates enough pres-sure when you inhale to keep your airway open.
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Contusion
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An injury, or bruise, to brain tissue without a breaking of the skin at the site of the trauma
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Cor Pulmonale
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A serious heart condition in which the right side of the heart fails as a result of long-standing chronic lung disease
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Coronary Arteriography
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The selective injection of contrast material into coronary arteries for a film recording of blood vessel action
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Corpus Luteum
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The structure that develops from the ovarian follicle after ovulation
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Cortisol
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The principle hormone in the group of steroid hormones, also known as hydrocortisone; stress increases production of cortisol
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Cortisone
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A hormone of the adrenal gland that has anti-inflammatory properties
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Creatinine
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Nitrogen-containing waste products of protein metabolism
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Cretinism
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A congenital thyroid deficiency in which thyroxine is not synthesized
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Cri du chat Syndrome
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A hereditary disease resulting from the deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5
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Chron's Disease
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An inflammatory disease of the intestine in which the intestinal walls become thick and rigid
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Croup
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Characterized by a loud cough that resembles the barking of a seal, difficulty breathing, and a grunting noise or wheezing during breathing
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Cryosurgery
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A technique that uses extreme cold to freeze and destory skin conditions and tumors.
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Cyrptorchidism
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The failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity, where they develop during fetal life, to the scrotum
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Cushings Syndrome
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A condition resulting from excessive levels of glucocorticoid hormones
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Cyanosis
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Blue color in the body tissues
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Cyclins
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Cell cycle proteins
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Cyst
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A sac or capsule containing fluid; usually harmless
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Cystic Fibrosis
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A disease that affects all the exocrine glands of the body, the glands of external secretion usually affecting children
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Cystitis
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An inflammation of the urinary bladder, commonly called a bladder infection
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Cystocele
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Urinary bladder is displaced into the vagina.
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Cystoscope
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An endoscope (lighted scope) through which the interior of the urinary bladder is made visible for observation
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Cytotoxis T Cells
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T cells, often called killer cells because of their capability to kill invading organisms
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DNA Repair Genes
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Also known as caretaker genes, these are genes responsible for the repair of errors in normal DNA replication
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Decubitis Ulcers
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Bedsores that typically occur on the bony areas of the body
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Defibrillator
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A machine that delivers electrical shocks used to re-establish normal heart rhythm
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Delirium tremens
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A medical emergency caused by heavy drinking over a long period of time; may occur after withdrawal from heavy alcohol intake
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Delusion
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False beliefs associated with various mental illnesses
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Dementia
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Organic loss of intellectual functions
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA
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The blueprint for protein synthesis within the cell
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Dermatitis
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A noncontagious skin disorder
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Dermatophytes
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Fungi that infect the skin and tend to live on the dead, top layer
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Desensitize
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A procedure for causing tolerance to allergens so that they do not trigger allergic reactions
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Diabetes Insipidus
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A disease that results from a deficiency of ADH
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Diabetes Mellitus
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An endocrine disease in which the beta cells fail to secrete insulin or target cells fail to respond to insulin
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Diabetic Nephropathy
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A kidney disease resulting from diabetes mellitus
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Diagnosis
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The determination of the nature of a disease based on many factors, including signs, symptoms, and, often, laboratory results
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Diaphram
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Primary muscle for inspiration that divides the thorax and abdominopelvic cavities
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Diastole
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The period of the heartbeat when the heart relaxes and fills with blood
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Diethylstillbestrol (DES)
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A synthetic hormone used in the 1950s and early 1960s to prevent spontaneous abortion
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Discoid
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The mild form of lupus erythematosus in which red, raised, itchy lesions develop
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Disease
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A state of functional disequilibrium that may be resolved by recovery or death
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Disinfection
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Reducing the risk of infection or contamination
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Diuretic
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A substance that causes the kidneys to excrete water. Diuretics can lower blood pressure
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Diverticula
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Little pouches or sacs formed when the mucosal lining pushes through the underlying muscle layer
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Diverticulitis
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Inflammation of the diverticula, usually occurring in the colon or small intestines
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Dominant
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A gene that is expressed when inherited
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Dopamine
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A neuronal transmitter substance
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Doppler Echocardiography
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Instrument that uses echoes of moving blood columns to produce images of the vessel wall outline; the velocity of the blood is measured and the degree of carotid stenosis is determined
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Down Syndrome
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Trisomy 21
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Duodenal Ulcers
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Ulcers of the small intestine caused by an excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid and Helicobacter pylori infection
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Duodenum
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First section of the small intestine; receives digested material from stomach
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Dysentery
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An acute inflammation of the colon, a colitis
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Dysmenorrhea
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Painful or difficult menses
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Dyspareunia
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Painful sexual intercourse.
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Dysphagia
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Difficult or painful swallowing
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Dyspnea
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Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing
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Dysthymia
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Chronic, persistent depression for a period of at least 2 years
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Dystrophin
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A skeletal protein that is missing in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Dystrophy
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Muscle degeneration that disables an individual
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Dysuria
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Painful urination
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Ecchymoses
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Hemorrhagic spots that develop on the skin and in mucous membranes, causing discoloration.
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Echocardiography
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A noninvasive procedure (ultrasound cardiography) that utilizes high-frequency sound waves to examine the size, shape, and motion of heart structures.
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Eclampsia
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Convulsions and coma that follow untreated pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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Ectopic Pregnancy
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A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants in a tissue other than the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
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Eczema
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A noncontagious inflammatory skin disorder
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Edema
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Swelling caused by leakage of plasma into tissues
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) (EKG)
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An electrical recording of the heart action that aids in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, and some congenital heart diseases
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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A recording of brain waves
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Electrolyte Balance
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The proper balance of salts, like potassium, and calcium
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Electromyogram (EMG)
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A testing procedure used to diagnose muscle and nerve disorders.
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Embolism
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A circulating blood clot
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Emphysema
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A crippling, noncontagious disease of chronic lung obstruction and destruction
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Encephalitis
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The inflammation of the brain and meninges, caused by a viral infection
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Encephalomyelitis
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Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
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Endarterectomy
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A common surgical procedure used to treat a blockage in an artery by removing the thickened area of the inner vascular lining
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Endemic
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Describes a disease which always occurs at low levels in a population
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Endocardium
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A smooth delicate membrane that lines chambers of the heart
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Endogeneous
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Originating or produced within an organism, tissue, or cell
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Endometriosis
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A disease in which endometrial tissue from the uterus becomes embedded else-where
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Endorphins
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Naturally occurring molecules made up of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Endorphins attach to special receptors in the brain and spinal cord to stop pain messages. These are the same receptors that respond to morphine and other opioid analgesics
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Endoscope
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An instrument consisting of a hollow tube with a lens and light system used to view the inner surface of the digestive tract.
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Endoscopic Sclerotherapy
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A procedure used to guide a retractrable needle device through an area such as the esophagus to seal off vessels such as esophageal varices with a hardening agent
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Endoscopy
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Imaging technique using flexible tubing mounted with camera and surgical tools
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Endospores
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Structures produced by bacteria and formed to cope with harsh environmental conditions
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Endotoxin
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A potent toxin from certain bacteria that causes life-threatening shock
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Enkephalins
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Naturally occurring molecules in the brain. Enkephalins attach to special receptors in your brain and spinal cord to stop pain messages. These are the same receptors that respond to morphine and other opioid analgesics.
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Enuresis
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Commonly called bed-wetting; a disorder of elimination that involves the vol-untary or involuntary release of urine into bedding, clothing, or other inappropriate places.
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Eosinophila-myalgia Syndrom
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Multisystem disease with pain, fatigue, and elevations of circulating blood eosinophils.
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Eosinophils
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White blood cells that kill parasites and are involved in allergic responses
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Ephylis
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Freckles
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Epidemic
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The occurrence of a disease in unusually large numbers over a specific area
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Epidemiological Studies
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Population-based studies
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Epididymis
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A coiled tube that lies along the outer wall of the testis and leads into the vas deferens
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Epididymitis
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Inflammation of the epididymis
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Epidural
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A hemorrhage between the dura mater and the skull
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Epilepsy
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A group of uncontrolled cerebral discharges that recur at random intervals
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Epinephrine
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The hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in emergency situations or during periods of high stress; also used as a drug to dilate bronchioles in some asthma attacks
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Erysipelas
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An inflammatory skin infection caused by streptococcus bacteria. Most commonly, the infections appear on the face, arm, or leg
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Erythema
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A reddened area of skin
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Erthematous
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An area of skin reddened by congested blood vessels resulting from injury or inflammation
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Erythrocytes
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Red blood cells
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Erythropoiesis
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The process of red cell formation that takes place in the red marrow of flat bones such as the sternum, hip bones, ribs, and skull bones
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Erythropoietin
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A hormone synthesized principally by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell development
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Esophageal Varices
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Varicose veins of the esophagus
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Esophagitis
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Inflammation of the esophagus caused by acid reflux
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Essential Trace Minerals
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Minerals required in the diet in very low amounts
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Estrogen
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The sex hormone in females.
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Eitology
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The cause of a disease
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Exacerbation
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The period of a chronic disease when signs and symptoms recur in all their severity
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Exocrine Glands
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The glands of external secretion. They secrete mucus, perspiration, and digestive enzymes
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Exophthalmos
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The condition in which the eyeballs protrude outward, characteristic of a person with Graves' disease
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Extradural
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A hemorrhage between the dura mater and the skull
