Honors World History Unit 2 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Government of Ancient Egypt
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Pharaohs had absolute power, a ruler named Menes established dynasties
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Religion of Ancient Egypt
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Polytheism until Akhenaten established monotheism, polytheism restored by King Tut
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Writing of Ancient Egypt
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Hieroglyphics, hieratic, and demotic
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Art of Ancient Egypt
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Distinct, detailed, colored, torsos are head on but arms, heads, and legs are side view. Great Sphinx, Great Pyramids.
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Math & Science of Ancient Egypt
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Pyramids of Egypt- brick like invented
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Trade of Ancient Egypt
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Using the Nile and Mediterranean Sea, caused army build up.
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Government of Ancient China
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Monarchy, governors ruled distant parts of the kingdom, dynasties. Mandate of Heaven.
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Religion of Ancient China
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Asked ancestors for advice, sought this through oracle bones
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Writing of Ancient China
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Used pictures, symbols to represent ideas, tied closely with Oracle bones, questions written directly on the bones
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Art of Ancient China
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Tombs, palaces, walls
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Math & Science of Ancient China
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Bronze used for religious rituals, later iron. Calendar based on cycles of the moon. First money system.
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Trade of Ancient China
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Geography such as Himalaya Mountains isolated and defended China.
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Government of Ancient India
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Settlements well planned, carefully laid out in a grid pattern
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Religion of Ancient India
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Unknown.
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Writing of Ancient India
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Had writing system beginning 2500 BC, but historians cannot decipher it.
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Art of Ancient India
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Specialized in crafts like pottery, metalwork, jewelry.
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Math & Science of Ancient India
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Unknown.
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Trade of Ancient India
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Brought goods to locations as distant as Central Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Mesopotamia.
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Government of Sumer
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City state.
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Religion of Sumer
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Polytheism, ziggurat.
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Writing of Sumer
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Cuneiform, Epic of Gilgamesh.
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Math & Science of Sumer
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Math system based on 60.
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Arts of Sumer
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Standard of Ur.
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Trade of Sumer
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Textiles for metals, timber, and stone.
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Government of Babylonians
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Hammurabi's Code
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Writing of Babylonians
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Cuneiform.
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Math & Science of Babylonians
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Ziggurats (Tower of Babbel).
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Trade of Babylonians
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Traded food for raw materials such as timber, copper, gold.
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Government of Hittites
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Indo European, centralized government.
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Religion of Hittites
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Theocracy.
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Writing of Hittites
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Cuneiform.
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Math & Science of Hittites
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Horse drawn war chariots, iron working techniques.
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Arts of Hittites
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Made iron ornaments.
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Trade of Hittites
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Diffusion of their language to Greek, Hindi, and Russian.
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Government of Assyrians & Chaldeans
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Relied on military and terror for power.
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Writing of Assyrians & Chaldeans
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A library that had more than 20,000 cuneiform tablets collected, including Epic of Gilgamesh.
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Arts of Assyrians & Chaldeans
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Hanging gardens of Babylon.
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Trade of Assyrians & Chaldeans
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Trade routes rerouted through 2nd Babylon.
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Government of Phoenicians
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A wealthy trade society, built colonies around Mediterranean Sea (Carthage).
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Religion of Phoenicians
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Sacrifice to avoid disasters.
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Writing of Phoenicians
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Created an alphabet of 22 characters.
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Math & Science of Phoenicians
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Ship builders.
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Trade of Phoenicians
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Expert sailors.
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Basic Teachings of Hinduism
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One of the oldest religions, brahman, atman, devas, samsara, moksha.
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Area of Origin of Hinduism
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India.
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Name of Hindu Gods
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Brahman.
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Sacred Texts of Hinduism
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Vedas, sacred epics.
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Key Figures of Hinduism
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Mahavira, who created Jainism (non-violence).
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Basic Teachings of Buddhism
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Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, nirvana, The Middle Way.
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Area of Origin of Buddhism
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India.
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Sacred Texts of Buddhism
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Not written until first century BC.
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Key Figures of Buddhism
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Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha.
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Brahman
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Eternal being that created, preserved, the world, all-encompassing.
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Atman
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Your soul.
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Devas
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Manifestations of Brahman, believed to be either one or thousands.
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Karma
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Sum effect of deeds and actions.
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Moksha
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Goal of human existence.
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Samsara
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Reincarnation.
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Dharma
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Spiritual duties and obligations.
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Four Noble Truths
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Central truths of Buddhism.
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Eightfold Path
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The path to overcoming desires in Buddhism.
