Honors Bio: Chapter 17 (Darwin and Evolution)-pp notes – Flashcards
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natural selection is the mechanism of _____
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evolution
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organisms that are better adapted to the environment will...
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reproduce in greater numbers
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_____ _______ determines the survival of groups of organisms
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natural selection
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_____ _____ and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity in organisms
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genetic variation
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new mutations are constantly being generated in the ____ ____
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gene pool
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_____ _____ within a species increases the chance that some organisms will survive major changes in the environment
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great diversity
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descent from a common ancestor and adaption to the environment are the two components of ______
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evolution
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evolution is the descent of organisms from common ancestors with the development of _____ and _____ changes over time that make them more suited to the ______
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genetic//phenotypic//environment
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evolution is considered the unifying theory of _____
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biology
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evolution explains the unity and diversity of ____
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life
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descent from a _____ _____ explains the unity of life
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common ancestor
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_____ __ _____ refers to living things sharing a common chemistry and cellular structure
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unity of life
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adaptation to a particular environment explains the _____ of life
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diversity
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On his 5 year voyage, Darwin observed species changing in various ______... also studying fossils and finding similar patterns
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locations
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After his voyage Darwin concluded that...
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one species can give rise to many species
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Which book influenced Darwin?
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The Principles of Geology by Lyell
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The principles of Geology supported a theory by Hutton that the earth was _____ of years old and underwent _____ and slow natural processes. This validates the time line of the ____ ____
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billions//erosion//fossil record
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Darwin did not publish his work for __ years
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20
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Darwin published his work when _____ sent him studies that drew the same conclusions about evolution.
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Wallace
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Darwin called evolution ____ _____
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natural selection
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Wallace called evolution "_____ __ ___ _____"
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"survival of the fittest"
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While Wallace and Darwin published similar information at the same time, Darwin was named the "____ __ ____"
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"Father of Evolution"
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_____ founded the study of ____ or the study of fossils
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Cuvier//paleontology
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______ studied population increases and said that death and famine were inevitable
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Malthus
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While _____ also believed in evolution, his study known as "_____ __ _____ _____" was later proven incorrect
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Lamarck//"inheritance of acquired characteristics"
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Lamarck falsely believed that the _____ could bring about change
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environment
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_______ cannot change genotypes
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phenotypes
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The process of natural selection has __ components
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5
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution 1. The members of a population have ____ ____
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heritable traits
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution 2. In a population, many more individuals are produced each ______
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generation
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution 3. Some individuals have adaptive characteristics that enable them to ____ and ____ better than other individuals
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survive//reproduce
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution 4. An increasing proportion of individuals in succeeding generations have the ____ ______
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adapted characteristics
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution 5. The result of _____ ______ is a population adapted to its local environment
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natural selection
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The four types of evidence related to evolution are...
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1. fossil evidence 2. biogeographical evidence 3. anatomical evidence 4. biochemical evidence
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In fossil evidence what is preserved?
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organisms, fossils, bones
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What are the flaws in the fossil record?
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gaps in record
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______ _____ is the range and distribution of plants and animals throughout the world
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biogeographical evidence
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In ____ ______ there are anatomical similarities among many organisms
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anatomical evidence
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_____ _____ are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor
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homologous structures
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_____ _____ serve the same function, but are not constructed similarily
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analogous structures
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______ ______ are anatomical features that are fully developed in one group, but are reduced and may have no function in other groups
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vestigial structures
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In biochemical evidence almost all organisms use ___, the same ____ code, and __ amino acids
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DNA//triplet//20
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Almost all organisms use ___ and other nearly identical enzymes
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ATP
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Many ___ are similar
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genes
