Holt – chapter 5 – Flashcards
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| anion |
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| ion with a negative charge |
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| binary ionic compound |
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| an ionic compound hat consists of cations of one element and the anions of another element |
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| cation |
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| an ion with a positive charge |
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| electroneutrality |
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| condition of having equal numbers of positive and negatie charges |
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| isoelectric |
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| having the same electron configuration as another atom |
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| ion |
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| an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained electrons |
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| ionic compound |
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| any chemcal compound that is composed of oppositely charged ions |
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| octet rule |
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| tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons so that their outer S and P orbitals have 8 electrons |
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| subscript |
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| a whole number written below and to right of an element's symbol that denotes the number of atoms in the formula |
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| coulombic force |
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| the attraction or repulsion between two objects that have electric charges |
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| crystal lattice |
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| repetitive geometric arrangement of points in space about which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged to form a crystal structure |
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| halide |
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| a salt that is composed of cations combined with anions of one of the halogen elements |
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| ionic bond |
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| the coulumbic force of attactions between ions of opposite charge |
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| lattice energy |
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| energy released when well separated atoms, ions, or molecultes come together to form a crystal |
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| unit cell |
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| simplest repeating unit in a crystal call |
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| anhydrous |
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| without water |
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| hydrate |
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| ionic compound that contains precise numbers of water moldecules in its crystal lattice |
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| mineral |
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| naturally occurring inorganic substance that has definite composition and ordered structure |
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| oxidation number |
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| number assigned to an atom in a polyatomic or molecular compound based on an assumption of complete transfer of electrons |
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| oxyanion |
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| negative polyatomic ion containing oxygen |
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| polyatomic ions |
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| electrically charged group of 2 or more chemically bonded atoms that functions as a single ion |
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| salt |
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| ionic compound that is composed of cations bonded to anions, than oxide hydroxide |
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| silicate |
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| any compound containing silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals and possibly hydrogen |
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| metals tend to form ______ |
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| cations |
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| metals tend to form ______ |
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| cations |
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| nonmetals tend to form _______ |
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| anions |
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| opposite charges of anions and cations form a tightly packed substance of bonded ions called a _______________ |
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| Crystal structure |
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| Salts have (high/low) melting & boiling points and usually (do/do not) conduct electricity in a solid state |
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| High melting and boiling points Usually Do NOT conduct electricity |
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| Salts conduct electricity when __________________ |
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| melted or dissolved in water. |
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| By losing an electron, a metal atom becomes (anion/cation) |
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| cation |
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| A __________________ is a negatively charged polyatomic ion containing oxygen. |
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| oxyanion |
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| ______________ are compounds that contain water molecules within the crystal lattice |
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| Hydrates |
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| _____________ ions are found in silicates |
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| Polyatomic ions |
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| _____________ a group of 2 or more atoms bonded together that function as a single unit. |
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| A _____ of_________ is needed to break chemical bonds between atoms. _________ is released when bonds form between atoms. |
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| Input of Energy Energy is released |
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| ______ are electrically charged particles that have different chemical properties that their parent atoms. |
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| Ions |
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| Some atoms may gain or lose electrons to acheive electron configurations that are _______________ with a __________ |
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| ISOELECTRIC with a NOBLE GAS. |
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| Formula for Calcium Chloride |
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| Formula for Magnesium Oxide |
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| Formula for Sodium Iodide |
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| Formula of Calcium Sulfide |
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| Formula for Potassium Nitride |
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| Formula for Copper(I) bromide |
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| Formula for Aluminum Nitride |
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| Formula for Iron (II) oxide |
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| Formula for Iron (III) oxide |
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| Formula for lead (IV) oxide |
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| Formula for tin(II) oxide |
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| iron(III)chloride |
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| niobium (V) chloride |
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| manganese (II) iodide |
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| silver (I) sulfide |
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| Group 17 elements include the simple anions F-, Cl-, Br_, I-, and Ar- which are called ________ |
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| Halides |
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| Where are the weak points in a crystal? (center or edges) |
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| edges |
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| Most electron affinities are (positive/negative) |
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| negative |
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| 5 Characteristics of ionic compounds |
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| 1) solids at room temperature 2) hard and brittle 3) high melting points and boiling points 4) do not conduct electricity in solid form 5) good conductors of electricity in liquid state and when dissolved in water. |
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| penta- |
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| 5 |
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| hemi- |
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| 2 |
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| hexa- |
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| 6 |
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| hepta- |
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| 7 |
