Hlhs 101 medical terminology chapter 11 ivy tech community college Terre haute
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Opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ophthalm/o
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Eyes, receptor organs for the sense of sight
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Ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o
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Irish, controls the amount of light entering the eye
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Phac/o, phak/o
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Lens, focuses rays of light on the retina
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Retin/o
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Retina, converts light images into electrical impulses and transmits them to the brain
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Dacryocyst/o, lacrim/o
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Lacrimal apparatus, accessory structures of the eyes that produce, store, and remove tears
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Acous/o, acoust/o, audi/o, audit/o, ot/o
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Ears, receptor organs for the sense of hearing; also helps maintain balance
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Pinn/i
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Outer ear, transmits sound waves to the middle ear
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Myring/o, tympan/o
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Middle ear, transmits sound waves to the inner ear
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Labyrinth/o
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Inner ear, receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the brain
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Blephar/o
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Eyelid
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-cusis
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Hearing
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Kerat/o
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Horney, hard, cornea
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-opia
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Vision condition
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Presby/o
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Old age
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Scler/o
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Sclera, white of eye, hard
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Trop/o
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Turn, change
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Anis/o
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Unequal
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Dipl/o
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Double
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Nyctal/o
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Night
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-ptosis, o/ptosis
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Drooping
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-opsia
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Vision or sight
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-ectasis
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Stretching or dilation
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-ia
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Condition
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Exo-
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Outward
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Eso-
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Inward
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A-, an
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Without, lack of, or abscence of
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Choroid
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Middle layer of the eye that contains the blood vessels
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Cornea
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The transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil. Primary structure for focusing light rays entering the eye
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Lens
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Located behind the pupil, transparent flexible structure that focuses images on the retina
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Aqueous humor
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Anterior fluid
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Vitreous humor
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Posterior fluid
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Rods
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Sensative to light. But do not sense color
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Cones
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Sense color
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Retina
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Inner layer of the eye; contains the nerves, rods and cones, and the bi-polar cells
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Fovea centralis
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Highest concentration of cones
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Oculus dexter
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OD, right eye
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Oculus sinister
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OS, left eye
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Oculus uterque
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OU, each eye
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Adnexa oculi
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The structures outside the eyeball
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Adnexa
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Accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ
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Orbit
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Eye sockets, the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and it's associated muscles, blood vessels and nerves
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Eye muscles
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6 major muscles arranged in 3 pairs on each eye
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6 major muscles of the eye
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Superior and inferior oblique muscles, superior and inferior rectus muscles, and lateral and medial rectus muscles
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Binocular vision
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Occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible
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Depth perception
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The ability to see things in three dimensions
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Canthus
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The angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet
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Cilia
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Small hairs, make up the eyebrows and eyelashes
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Tarsus
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Tarsal plate, the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides necessary stiffness and shape
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Conjunctiva
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The transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball
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Lacrimal apparatus
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Tear apparatus, consists of the structures that produce, store and remove tears
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Lacrimation
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The secretion of tears
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Lacrimal glands
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Secrete tears
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Lacrimal fluid
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Tears, maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball
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Lacrimal canal
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Consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye. Ducts collect tears and empty them into lacrimal sacs.
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Lacrimal sac
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Tear sac, an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct
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Lacrimal duct
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Nasolacrimal duct, the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose
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Eyeball
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Globe, a 1-inch sphere with only about 1/6 of its surface visible
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Optic
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Pertaining to the eye or sight
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Ocular
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Pertaining to the eye
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Extraocular
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Outside the eyeball
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Intraocular
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Within the eyeball
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Macula
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Macula lutea, the clearly defined light-sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for Sharp central vision
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Fovea centralis
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A pit in the middle of the macula
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Optic disc
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Blind spot, a small region of the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve. Contains no rods or cones.
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Optic nerve
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Transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain
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Uvea
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The pigmented layer of the eye
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Ciliary body
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Located within the chore idea, a set of muscles and suspension ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lense to refine the focus of light rays on the retina
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Pupil
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The black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye
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Accomodation
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The process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances
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Convergence
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The simultaneous inward movement of the eyes towards each other
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Emmetropia
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The normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
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Refraction
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Refractive power, the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina
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Hyperopia
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Farsightedness, light rays focus beyond the retina
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Myopia
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Nearsightedness, light rays focus in front of the retina
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Visual acuity
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The ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance
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Ptosis
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The drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis
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Chalazion
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A nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland
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Ectropion
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The eversion of the edge of an eyelid
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Eversion
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Turning outward
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Astigmatism
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A defect in the curvature of the lens or cornea
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Vertigo
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Dizziness
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Tinnitus
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Ringing or roaring sound in the ear
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Nyctalopia
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Night blindness
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Entropia
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Inversion of the edge of the eyelid
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Inversion
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Turning inward
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Hordeolum
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Stye, a pus filled and often painful lesion on the eyelid resulting from an acute infection in a sebaceous gland
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Periorbital edema
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Swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye
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Conjunctivitis
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Pinkeye, an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy
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Dacryoadenits
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An inflammation of the lacrimal glands caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection
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Subconjunctival hemorrhage
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Bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera
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Xerophthalmia
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Dry eye, drying of eye surfaces
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Uveitis
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An inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irritation
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Iritis
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The most common form of uveitis
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Corneal abrasion
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An injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea
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Corneal ulcer
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A pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury
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Diabetic retinopathy
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Damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
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Keratitis
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An inflammation of the cornea
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Scleritis
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An inflammation of the sclera
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Anisocoria
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A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size
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Cataract
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The loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity
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Floaters
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Vitreous floater, particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous humor and cast shadows on the retina
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Photopsia
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Flashers, the presence of what appears to be flashes of light
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Miosis
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The contraction of the pupil, normally in response to exposure to light, but also possibly due to the use of prescription or illegal drugs
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Mydriasis
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The dilation of the pupil, the opposite of miosis
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Nystagmus
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An involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use
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Papilledema
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Choked disk, swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk
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Retinal detachment
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Detached retina and retinal tears, the separation of some or all of the light-sensitive retina from the choroid
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Retinitis pigmentosa
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A progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision
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Glaucoma
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A group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve
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Open-angle glaucoma
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Chronic glaucoma, most common form of the condition, trabecular meshwork gradually becomes blocked, causing a build up of pressure
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Closed-angle glaucoma
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Acute glaucoma, the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork
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Macular degeneration
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Gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in a loss of central vision but not in total blindness
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Diplopia
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Double vision
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Hemianopia
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Blindness in one-half of the visual field
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Monochromatism
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Color blindness, the inability to distinguish certain colors in a normal manner
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Photophobia
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Excessive sensitivity to light and can be the result of migraines, excessive wearing of contact lenses, drug use, or inflammation
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Presbyopia
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The condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging
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Strabismus
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A disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly, because the eye muscles are unable to focus together
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Ametropia
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Any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina
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Scotoma
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Blind spot
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amblyopia
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Dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight
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Snellen chart
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Used to measure visual activity
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Diopter
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The unit of measurement of a lens' refractive power
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Ophthalmoscopy
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Funduscopy, the use of an ophthalamoscope to visually examine the fundus (back part) of the eye
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Mydriatic drops
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Drops placed into the eye to produce temporary paralysis, forcing the pupils to remain dilated
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Slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy
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A diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye
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PERRLA
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Pupils are Equal, Rpund, Responsive to Light and Accomodation
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Tonometry
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The measurement of intraocular pressure
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Orbitotomy
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Surgical incision into the orbit
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Tarsorrhaphy
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Partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed and unable to close normally
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Corneal transplant
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Keratoplasty, surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue from a donor
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Enucleation
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Removal of the eyeball
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Ocular prosthesis
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Artificial eye
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Iridectomy
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Surgical removal of the tissue of the iris
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Radial keratotomy
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Surgical procedure to treat myopia
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Scleral buckle
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A silicone band or sponge used to repair a detached retina
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Vitrectomy
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The removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution
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Lensectomy
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The general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract-clouded lens
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Phacoemulsification
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The use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract
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Intraocular lens
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Surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed
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Concave lenses
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Curved inward
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Convex lenses
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Curved outward
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Laser iridotomy
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Uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye
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Laser trabeculoplasty
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Used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork
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LASIK
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Laser-Assisted in Situ-Keratomileusis
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Photocoagulation
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The use of a laser to treat some forms of we macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels
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Retinopexy
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Used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment
