History test 12/19 – Flashcards

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what was the super continent that once existed called?
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Pangea
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Where are the Rockies?
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Colorado
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Where does the Sierra Nevada spread across
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California/Nevada
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Where are the Cascades?
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Washington State
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who founded Virginia?
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England
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What did the Ice Age do?
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It exposed the land bridge called the Baring Strait that allowed people to cross over to North America from Eurasia.
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what were the Mayans great at?
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Mathematics
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What did the Aztecs do?
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they made human sacrifices to god
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Who was the AMericas named after?
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Amerigo
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What was a staple crop that gave people a Stable food source?
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Corn (Maize)
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the most advanced indian tribe was...
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The Iroquois
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Who were the muslim middlemen
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They were the people who asked for heavy tolls on trade routes
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what could caravels do that the original ships couldn't?
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They could sail upwind and carry many goods
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what was the first capital founded?
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Santa Fe, New Mexico
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true or false. Christopher Columbus was the leader of the first European xpedition that attepted to find a new tarde route to Asia by sailing west from Europe.
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True
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true or False, Columbus started the first Spanish colony in the New World.
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True
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true or false. Int the fifteenth century, Spain and France were the leaders un the new world
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False
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true or false. Vasco de Gama led the first European expedition that sailed around the tip of south America.
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False he saild Africa
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true or false. In 1400, no native American had ever seen a horse.
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True
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True or false. The development of gun poweder by the Aztecs made it easy for them to win most of their battles with the spanish
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False
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true or false. Amerigo Vespucchi was the first European to realize that South America was an undiscovered continent, instead of being part of Asia.
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True
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True or False. The earliest long distance explorations by the fifteenth century Europeans were along the coast of Africa
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True
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true or false. The discovery of Australia by Europeans in 1410 was what made them think the world was round.
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False
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True or fales. In 1420, the best map of the world was over one thousand years old
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True
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Spanish Conquerors
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Conquistadors
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Spanish explorer of the South Western U.S who discovered the grand canyon
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Francisco Cornado
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The man who led the Spanish conquerors of the Aztecs from 1519 to 1521
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Hernan Cortez
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unsuccessful war by Christians against the Moslems to recover the Holy Land. After the Crusades, the Moslems refused to allow Christian travel in their lands
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Crusades
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Portugese navigator and explorer who reached the Cape of good hope in 1488
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Bartholomeu Dias
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The Viking adventurer who is thought to have discovered Vinland in the late tenth or early eleventh century
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Leif Ericson
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Portugese navigator who in 1498 discovered a sea route to India from Portugal by sailing around Africa. also founded colonies in africa
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Vasco De Gama
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portugese prince whose school of navigation helped start the age of exploration Prince Henry was very influential helping potugal become a leader in colonial expansion
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henry the navigator
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portugese navigator and exporer who led the first expedition around the world but was killed along the way.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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the man who led the Spanish conquest of the Incas in 1533
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Francisco Pizarro
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even though he made four trips to the New World from 1492 to 1503, this man continued ot believe he was exploring parts of Asia
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Christopher Columbus
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this explorer was the first person to sil across the North Atlantic for England
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John Cabot
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which came first the invention of movable type printing press or the fall of the inca empire?
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invention of movable type printing press
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which came first the completion of the first voyage around the world or the first Europeans reaching india by sea around Africa
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first Europeans reaching india
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three advantages the Spanish had over the native people of the Americas when it came to warfare
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better weapons, horses, and theywere immune to most diseases
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fill in the blank. in the 1400s the Spanish and portugese were inspired to find new routes to the far east because nations of the _______ religion controlled trade with asia
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moslem
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This man, named _________, founded an important School of Navigation in Portugal
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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Vasco De Gama was the first European to reach _____ by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope.
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India
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New types of ships called___ were used by many explorers during the Age of Discovery
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Caravels
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The Spanish conqueror of Mexico was named _____
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hernando cortez
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the Spanish conqueror of peru was named _____
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Francisco Pizarro
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The existence of a single original continent has been proved in part by the presence of ____
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continental drift
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What are the names of the 5 major mountain ranges in western north America
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Appalachian, the rockies, sierra Nevada, the cascades, coast ranges
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What was the approximate population of the two continents in the Americas when the Europeans arrived in 1492?
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54 million
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the size and sophistication of Native American civilization in Mexico and South America can be attributed to___
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agricultre
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what region of the Americas was least developd by Native American (Indian) civilization
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present day south west
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beans growing on trellis and corn stalks and squash covering the planting mounds
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three sister farming
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what were the basic tasks performed by native American men in the more settled agricultural groups in north America>
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hunted, fished, gathered fuel, and cleared fields
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which group was responsible for the slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans arrived
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portugese
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people who specialize in the study of grammar, rhetoric, history, and poetry
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humanists
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the study of the writing of the ancient greeks and romans
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classical education
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a method of dealing with the realities of everyday life and expressing a keen observation of social settings, characteristics of literature and art in the mid 1800s
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realism
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art technique that involves making distant objects smaller than those in the foreground and arranging them to create the illusion of depth on a flat canvas
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perspective
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Painter/sculptor/engineer/architect,scientist. famous works: Mona Lisa, Last Supper. Used scientific experiments to add to his paintings and studied anatomy (Florence, Italy)
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Leonardo da vinci
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painter/sculptor/architect famous works: David, sistine chapel ceiling, st peters basilica known for his presentation of the body
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michealangelo
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one of the most famous flemish artists, painted lively scenes of village festivals and dances "peasant wedding"
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Peiter Brueghal
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Painter famous works: many madonnas, vatican rooms, school of athens. he left no major contribution to art... copied michealangelo and leonardo da vinci
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raphael
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Famous for his copper engravings and wood cuts. he was one of the first people to see the possibilities of printed illustrations
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albrecht durer
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German, he worked in other countries and traveled throughout Europe to paint portraits of famous people such as erasmus, thomas more, and king henry VIII of england
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Hans holbien the younger
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writer famous works: the prince influence: ancient politicians of rome
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Machivelli
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writer famous works: book of the courtier taught nobles how to live life well
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castiglione
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writer/ poet/ humanist/ teacher. famous works: sonnets to Laura. influences: works of the greeks and romans
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Petrarch
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Causes of the Renaissance
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1. Rise of trade. 2. Discovery of old books. 3. Disasters and disease. 4. Printing press. 5. Italian city states.
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Compare and identify the characteristics of medieval art.
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Blank faces, no emotion, dull, motionless, animated, flat, praising kings
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Compare and identify the characteristics of Italian renaissance art
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mysterious, realistic, earth tones, lifelike, portraits, detailed, nature
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Compare and identify the characteristics of northern renaissance art
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happy, bright, detailed, realness, dimensions
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Reasons the renaissance began in italy
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because italy had acquired wealth by trade during the middle ages and had prosperous city states
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pardons from sin
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indulgences
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beliefs that said that god, at the beginning of time, chose who would be saved
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predestination
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-wrote 95 theses-became a monk-was against the selling of indulgences ,
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martin luther
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against people being baptized at birth , A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.
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anabaptist
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16th century effort to make changes in the Church that led to large numbers separating from it
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protestant
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A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
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reformation
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Martin Luther's ideas that he posted on the church door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation
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95 theses
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(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.
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henry VIII
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Calvin's followers in France
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huguenot
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Catholic Church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church
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counter reformation
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1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.
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john calvin
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followers of john calvin
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calvinist
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the vicon at the cathedral in zurich I the early 1500's
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huldrich zwingli
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a Spanish soldier that founded the jesuits
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ignatius de loyola
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(The Jesuits) was founded to spread catholic doctrine around the world during the Counter Reformation.
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society of jesuits
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when Spanish authorities had been trying and punishing so called heretics
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inquisition
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John Calvin's major work that established the theology and doctrine of the Calvinist churches; first published in 1536
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institutes of christian religion
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why did the protestant reformation spread through Europe?
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commoners began to realize that religious leaders were more interested in wealth than religion. protested corrupt practices. began their own group that protested against roman catholic church.
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A new way of thinking about the natural world, based on careful observations, a willingness for people to question accepted beliefs
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scientific method
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A new way of thinking about the natural world, based on careful observations, a willingness for people to question accepted beliefs
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scientific revolution
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A polish scientist who developed "heliocentric theory". He was a pioneer of modern astronomy, physics, and anatomy. He discovered ancient writings arguing that the sun was the center of the universe.
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Nicolas Copernicus
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German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion said planets moved in ellipses (ovals) (1571-1630)
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Johannes Kepler
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discovered the moons of Jupiter revolved around the planet-invented the telescope-proved earth rotated on its axis
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Galileo
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French philosopher and scientist- argued everything had to be proved except for basic ideas-developed scientific mehtod
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Renee Descartes
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(1561-1626) English politician, writer. believed only though observations and repeatable experiments could theories be built
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Francis Bacon
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a Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy (1514-1564)
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Andreas Vesalius
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English-physician-described the circulation of blood through veins and muscles
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William Harvey
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developed calculus
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Gottfried wihelm leibnez
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Dutch scientist. He was the first to use the microscope for scientific purposes. He put some water from a pond under the microscope. As he looked, he found tiny plants and animals
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antoni van Leeuwenhook
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Discovered cells
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Robert Hooke
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founder of chemistry-irish
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Robert Boyle
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English scientist-discovered the element of oxygen
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Joseph Preistly
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French scientist-proved fire was not an element- all matter could not be destroyed
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Antoine Lavioser
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Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.
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Isaac Newton
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how did the printing press affect the Scientific Revolution
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it allowed ideas to spread fast
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A narrow stretch of water separating Alaska from Siberia, Russia that often froze solid, thus allowing Asians to walk into the Americas and settle the continent thousands of years ago.
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Bering Strait
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A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru.
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Incas
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A warrior people who dominated the Valley of Mexico from 1100 to 1521.
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Aztecs
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A civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar.
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Mayans
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___ lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop, which was corn. Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.
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Pueblo Indians
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Built cone-shaped hills and animal-shaped earthworks; some were burial mounds, and others were used for religious ceremonies. Built the mounds in Ohio.
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mound builders
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"north men" ; are the Viking people that lived in the fjords. Scandinavian
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Norse
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Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.
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Marco Polo
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A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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1513 spanish voyager, went to central america and crossed the isthmus of panama which led to the pacific ocean.
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Balboa
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Spanish Explorer who discovered and named Florida while searching for the "Fountian of Youth"
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Juan Ponce de Leon
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He was the first to find, partially navigate & map out the Mississippi River calling it the "mother of waters."
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Hernando de Soto
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An Italian navigator who looked for a northwest passage leading through the Americas to Asia; explored the east coast for France.
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Giovanni de Verrazono
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French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
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Jacques Cartier
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First spanish settlement. Florida 1565
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St. Augustine
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First European to sail down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. Claimed areas such as the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Ohio Rivers. Also explored the Great Lakes.
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Robert de LaSalle
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A major Canadian Franciscan friar that founded the mission chain in California. He was a great promoter of the spread of Christianity because of his missions.
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Father Junipero Serra
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An Indian uprising in 1680 where pueblo rebels in an attempt to resist catholicism and Europeans all together destroyed every catholic church in the province and killed scores of priests and hundreds of spanish settlers.
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Pope's Rebellion
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A later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests
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Iroquois
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A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.
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Encomienda
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Explain how the cultivation of maize led to population growth in prehistoric America.
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Maize was a staple crop and colonies would grow and could be built around it. Maize helped colonies become stable and grow.
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