History Systems Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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Subjects in Titchener's laboratory were asked to ____.
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-swallow a stomach tube -record their sensations and feelings during urination and defecation -make notes of their sensations and feelings during sexual intercourse -attach measuring devices to their bodies to record their physiological responses during sexual intercourse ***All of the choices are correct***
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The school of structuralism includes the work and/or systems of which of the following?
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Titchener
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Wundt's focus was on ____, whereas Titchener's was on ____.
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synthesis of elements; analysis of elements
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Titchener discarded
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apperception
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Titchener spent most of his career at ____.
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Cornell University
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Titchener's manner with his students during lectures was one of ____.
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formality
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Titchener's relationship with Wundt and his family was one of ____.
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closeness
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When Titchener returned to Oxford with his doctorate from Wundt, his colleagues ____.
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were skeptical of the use of scientific approaches to philosophical questions
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As more and more students became drawn to Titchener's lectures at Cornell, he ____.
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became less actively engaged in laboratory research.
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One of the main reasons that Titchener's thought was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt was that Titchener ____.
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was Wundt's cousin
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One of Titchener's most profound influences on the development of experimentation in psychology was his publication ____.
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Experimental Psychology: A Manual of Laboratory Practice (1901-1905)
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For many of his early years at Cornell, Titchener was known as "the professor in charge of ____ ."
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music
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Provided that students and colleagues were properly respectful, Titchener was ____ to them.
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kind and helpful
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Titchener excluded women from the meetings of the Titchener Experimentalists because women:
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were too pure to smoke.
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Who scolded Titchener for still practicing "a very old fashioned standpoint" in excluding women from psychology meetings?
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Ladd-Franklin
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____ was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. degree in psychology.
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Margaret Floy Washburn
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Of the 56 doctoral degrees Titchener conferred, what percentage were given to women?
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more than a third
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Who was Titchener's first doctoral student?
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Washburn
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Who was the first female psychologist elected to the National Academy of Sciences?
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Washburn
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Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is ____.
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conscious experience
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Titchener argued that psychology is unique among the sciences because ____.
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psychology alone is dependent on experiencing persons
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Who defined the subject matter of psychology as being a conscious experience as that experience is dependent on the person who is actually experiencing it?
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Tichener
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In the Original Source Material from A Textbook of Psychology, Titchener described the difference between ____.
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independent and dependent experience
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Titchener vigorously cautioned experimental psychologists about the stimulus error, that is, about ____.
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describing the observed object rather than the experience of it
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To confuse the mental process under study with the stimulus or object being observed was to commit ____.
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stimulus error
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If you described the test you are now taking as being on paper, you would not be giving a true introspective report of your conscious experience according to Titchener. In introspection, to use everyday words such as "paper" is to ____.
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commit the stimulus error
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Titchener opposed the development of areas such as child psychology and animal psychology because ____.
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these areas did not focus on discovering the structures of mind
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The sum of our experiences as they exist at a particular moment is Titchener's definition of ____.
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consciousness
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The sum of our experiences accumulated over a lifetime is Titchener's definition of ____.
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mind
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Who said psychology was NOT in the business of curing sick minds?
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Titchener
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Titchener's introspection method was most like ____ method.
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Külpe's
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While Wundt emphasized ____ and ____ reports during introspection, Titchener used ____ and ____ introspective reports.
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objective, quantitative; subjective, qualitative
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Titchener's opinion about how introspection should be used probably became formed ____.
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before he went to Leipzig
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The influence of mechanism on Titchener is exemplified in his ____.
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use of the chemistry term reagents instead of observers
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In his introspection experiments, Titchener wanted his subjects (observers) to ____.
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be passive recorders of the experiences registering on the conscious mind
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three essential problems for psychology, according to Titchener?
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to study how these components were synthesized into higher-level processes
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Which of the following was a topic to be explored by Titchener's psychology?
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-the reduction of conscious processes -the determination of the laws of association of elements of consciousness -to identify the physiological correlates of the elements ***All the choices are correct.***
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Titchener's research identified three elements of consciousness: sensations, affective states, and ____.
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images
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By 1896, Titchener had identified approximately how many elements of sensation?
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more than 44,000
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For Titchener, distinct sensations combined with others to form ____.
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perceptions and ideas
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Titchener's descriptors of sensations did NOT include which of the following?
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propensity
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Which of Titchener's basic elements of consciousness does not possess clearness?
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affective states
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Feelings or emotions lack clearness because ____.
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if we focus on them to determine clearness, the feeling or emotion disappears.
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Titchener's research led him to conclude that affective states had only ____ dimension(s); namely ____.
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one; pleasure/displeasure
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Toward the end of Titchener's career, he came to favor the ____ method instead of the ____ method.
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phenomenological; introspective
