History of Western Music Exam 1 – Flashcards
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Melody
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succession of pitches
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Rhythm
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patterns of accented and unaccented beats
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Plainchant
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unaccompanied, monophonic music, no fixed rhythm or meter, such as Gregorian chant
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Chanson
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secular French vocal music, polyphonic love songs
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Medieval Time Period
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600 AD to end of 15th century
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Psalmody
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singing of Psalms
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Antiphon
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"before sound", genre of plainchant in simple style with few melismas
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Hildegard of Bingen
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born nobelwoman but became nun and later abbess, wrote books on theology, medicine, and sciences
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Form
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organization of musical material
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Strophic
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multiple verses to the same music
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Bernart de Ventadorn
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troubador poet and composer, served Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Estampie
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instrumental dance music, one-line pieces with the same or similar musical pjrases repeated many times in varied forms
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Organum
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earliest genre of Medieval polyphonic music
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Melisma
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Multiple notes on the same syllable
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Notre Dame School
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developed the first well-understood system of rhythmic notation, educated composers such as Leonin and Perotin
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Consonance
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two or more sounds that are harmonious, good intervals are 8th 4th and 5th
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Motet
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derived from organum, gregorian fragment repeared in bottom voice, two voices above singin secual text
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Polyphony
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more than one melody at the same time, developed at the end of the Middle ages
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Isorhythm
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separating pitch and rhythm, create repeating rhythms and pitch patterns but not repeated at same rate
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Perotin
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famous for organa for as many as four voices, went to Notre Dame School
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Renaissance
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period of "rebirth", shift from Church authority to humanism
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Paraphrase
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composers departing from strict plainchaint, embellish plainchants with extra notes, set in graceful rhythms and smoothed awkward phrases
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Sonority
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emphasized in Rennaissance music, has to do with rich tone and color
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Homophony
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msuc in harmonic, chordal structure, voices sometimes act as chord accompaniment
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Hymn
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one of the most tuneful plainchants genres, used in religious settings
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Guillame Dufay
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Rennaissance composer, French, homophonic hymns
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Kyrie, Glora, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
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parts of the mass
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Imitation
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repeated motives on different pitch levels
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Josquin Desprez
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considered first master of Renaissance style, wrote four part mass with imitation from plainchant hymn
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Declamation
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tried to make words sung to speech-like rhythms
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Word Painting
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matching music to word meaning
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Palestrina
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wanted to convince the pope that polyphonic composers could still write church music that people could understand
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Madrigal
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short song to a 1 stanza poem, secular, originally Italian
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Pavan
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Renaissance Dances, solemn dance in duple meter
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Galliard
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faster dance in triple meter
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Council of Trent
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meeting of the Catholic church to start counter-reformation, almost eliminated all polyphonic music in masses
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Motet
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short composition in Latin, made of short sections in homophony and imitative polyphony
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Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli
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organismst and composers at St. Marc's basilica, considered architecture's effect on music, Venetian Polychoral motet
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Ars Nova
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"new art", organum regarded ancient, motet improved upon, used isorhythm, more secular and intricate
