History: Imperialism, Progressive Movement, Social Darwinism

*An application of the theory of natural selection to social, political, and economic issues *\"Survival of the Fittest\" *People believed in it because it justified the \"lesser breeds without the law,\" and \"superior races\" *People who believed in it were in support of laissez-faire (no government regulations)

*Applied Christian ethics to solve social problems *Was used to promote labor unions *Christians responsible for helping the poor, excessive wealth is bad, preached salvations through work for social justice

*B.T.W.- thought that the black men and women should \"be of assistance\" to the white man because they so generously cast down their bucket in times of need *WEB- thought Washington was a major contributor to the poor treatment of the black community and found his teachings not of equality but of inferiority to the white community *Both: wanted justice and equality for the black community

Citizens can place issues on a ballot via petitions

Citizen petition to replace elected official

Citizens can approve or reject laws passed by legislature

Citizens vote for nominees for elections

to restore government to the people

listing of union organizers and workers compiled by industrial leaders in order to keep these men and women from being hired

Appealed to farmers suffering from crop failures, falling prices, poor marketing, and lack of credit facilities.

A compony that dominates an industry. By having no competition, the industry has no motivation to improve stopping any evolution of technology. Ex. Rockefeller- monopolized the oil industry

Legal bodies which hole stock in multiple companies thereby controlling the industry

Prohibited certain business activities deemed to be anti-competitive and required the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts

*Jacob Riis- Photographed the awful conditions of slums and tenements ---> lead to sanitary tenements and certain laws for construction *Upton Sinclair- Wrote and published a novel on working conditions in the meatpacking industry ---> lead to the Food and Drug Act

Created the American Federation of Labor

Leader of American Railway Union; jailed for violating an injunction in the Pullman strike

Chicago riot resulting from the McCormick strike and labor demand for an 8 hour workday- downfall of the Knights of Labor Federation after the bombing of police during the rally at Haymarket Square

A fire spread throughout the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory killing hundreds of women. This was due to doors being locked from the outside, lack of fire escapes, and overall unsafe working environment. After the tragedy new laws mandated better building access and exits, fireproofing requirements, the availability of fire extinguishers, the installation of alarm systems and automatic sprinklers, better eating and toilet facilities for workers, and limited the number or hours that women and children could work

Square Deal- Roosevelt's Progressive reform plan to protect the common person from big business. *Trust Busting: set in place the Sherman Anti-Trust Act which eliminated many trusts. This results in 44 filed anti-trust suits and the nickname Trustbuster *Regulations: Railroad Regulation (Interstate Commerce Commission, Elkin Act, Hepburn Act), Food Inspection (Meat Inspection Act), Food and Drug Requirements (Pure Food and Drug Act) *Environmental Protection: Set aside- 148 million acres for forest reserve, 1.5 million acres for water-power sites, 80 million acres for exploration of mineral and water resource. Put in place the Antiquities Act of 1960 to authorize the president restrict use of public land and declare lands historic landmarks *Roosevelt was an Imperialist

*TN was the 36th state to vote in favor of women's suffrage (the last state needed to put woman's suffrage in action) *Harry Burn was the last to vote in TN for woman's suffrage and voted in favor of it, unlike his first vote, due to receiving a letter from his mom telling him to vote in favor *Strategies: 1.Petition state legislatures to give women right to vote, 2. Test 14th Amendment, 3. Push for constitutional amendment *Women involved in the suffrage movement: Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

*Policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force *Causes: Expanding Trade- raw materials and new consumer markets, US interested in gaining natural resources from Latin American/Caribbean nations *Spanish American War- USS Maine was attacked by Spain during the war between Spain and the Philippines over the Philippines' independence. US stepped in and helped defeat the Spanish by driving them off a hill *Annexation of Hawaii- America wanted Hawaii's sugar plantations. In taking the plantations, Americans soon took the country after the Queen protested their actions. *Panama Canal