History Chapter 8 Part 1 – Flashcards
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In 1776, members of the Continental Congress agreed that a federal government should have the power to
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run a postal service.
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What did the national government lack under the Articles of Confederation?
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An executive and a judicial branch
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How did the Articles of Confederation incorporate the power of the states?
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Each state had a single vote in Congress.
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Who was responsible for passing tax bills under the Articles of Confederation?
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State governments
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The Articles of Confederation were finally approved in 1781, when all the states agreed to surrender their
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claims to western lands.
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Why did politicians prefer to work in state government instead of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?
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State government was still seen as more relevant.
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Why did most of the new states spell out their citizens' rights and liberties in written contracts?
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Citizens had been denied the unwritten rights of Englishmen.
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What was a shared feature of all the state constitutions drawn up during the American Revolution?
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A commitment to republicanism
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In devising their new constitutions, most states
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reduced the powers of the governor.
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Virginia's constitution was the first to
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include a bill of rights.
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What was the effect of property qualifications on voters and candidates in the new states?
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Laws disfranchised 25 to 50 percent of all adult white males.
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Writers of the new state constitutions believed that voting requirements should
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prevent women from demanding the vote.
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Which state allowed free blacks and women to vote in the early years of the republic?
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New Jersey
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Why were some states reluctant to include ìequality languageî in their bills of rights and constitutions?
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They were afraid the words could be construed to apply to slaves.
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How did the Massachusetts slave Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett) gain her freedom in 1781?
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Massachusetts outlawed slavery.
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Which state passed gradual emancipation laws in 1784?
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Pennsylvania
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What led to the largest emancipation of blacks in the deep South immediately after the Revolution?
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Slaves' association with the British
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What financial problem did the confederation government face after the war?
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Huge state and federal war debts
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Robert Morris proposed increasing the revenue of the confederation government by
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passing a 5 percent import tax.
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How did General George Washington disarm the soldiers responsible for plotting the Newburgh Conspiracy?
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He delivered an emotional speech convincing the soldiers to have faith in Congress.
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Congress summoned the Iroquois to Fort Stanwix in 1784 to
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obtain the Indians' land.
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What did Congress accomplish with the land ordinances of 1784 and 1785?
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The ordinances set out a rectangular grid system for surveying land.
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Who would have the opportunity to buy land under the Ordinance of 1785's guidelines for the Northwest Territory?
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People willing to buy minimum parcels of 640 acres each
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What threatened to prevent American settlement in the Northwest Territory?
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Clashes with the Indian tribes that occupied the land
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The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
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What led to Shays's Rebellion of 1786?
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Massachusetts farmers resented increasing taxes.
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How did the government of Massachusetts respond to Shays's Rebellion?
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The governor dispatched armed militiamen.
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What was the legacy of Shays's Rebellion?
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Political leaders realized the Articles were inadequate.
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Which two men were instrumental in calling for the Philadelphia meeting in May 1787 to discuss the Articles of Confederation?
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Madison and Hamilton
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What was the general consensus among delegates to the Constitutional Convention about the Articles of Confederation?
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Most delegates had no opposition to changing the Articles of Confederation.
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Two-thirds of the Constitutional Convention's delegates came from which segment of the population?
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Lawyers
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Which issue dominated debate at the Constitutional Convention?
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How to balance the interests of large and small states
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At the Constitutional Convention, the proposal to create a two-chamber legislature, with representation in both houses based on each state's population, was known as the
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Virginia Plan.
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What was the major objection to the Virginia Plan by the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention?
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Representation based on population in both houses
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As a part of the Great Compromise, delegates at the Philadelphia convention agreed
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that the lower house would be apportioned by population of the states.
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How did delegates decide to count slaves when determining the apportionment of representatives?
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Slaves were counted under the three-fifths clause.
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When the Constitution was drafted, slavery was
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not named, but recognized and guaranteed.
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In a new distinction between democracy and republicanism, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention
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gave a direct voice to the people only in the House.
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How did the delegates to the Constitutional Convention create a presidency out of the reach of direct democracy?
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They devised the electoral college.
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According to the Constitution, who would settle disputes between states and citizens of different states?
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A national judiciary
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Who had to ratify the Constitution before it could go into effect?
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Nine states in ratifying conventions
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Opposition to the Constitution came from substantial majorities in which of the following three most populous states?
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Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York
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What did pro-Constitution forces call themselves?
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Federalists
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What was the first state to ratify the Constitution?
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Delaware
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How did the Federalists win Massachusetts?
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They promised to take up proposed amendments in the first Congress.
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The Antifederalists were
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of various economic classes.
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The core of Antifederalists' opposition to the Constitution centered on what fear?
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Distant power might infringe on people's individual liberties.
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The fight over ratification in Virginia proved to be very close due to Antifederalist arguments from
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George Mason and Patrick Henry.
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What was the reason for the strong Antifederalist sentiment in New York?
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The state's power in relation to the new government
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In essay 10 of The Federalist, James Madison maintained that the constitutional government would
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prevent any one faction from subverting the freedom of other groups.
