History-Chapter 11 – Flashcards
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What was the main cause of the early fourteenth century famines?
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A little ice age including bad weather with heavy rains
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The bubonic plague originated in
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Asia
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The Black Death
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recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries
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What was NOT one of the reactions to the great plague?
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a reduction in the persecution of religious minorities because of the displeasure it caused God.
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The flagellants
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would remain a popular religious movement throughout the fourteenth centry
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The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death:
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reached their worst excesses in German cities
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the devastation of the great plague in the fourteenth century led to
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the perception of life as something cheap and passing
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economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century
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raised wages because of scarcity of labor
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the european aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by
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petitioning kings to order the relocation of laborers
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Post-plague socioeconomic relations between rich and poor in europe
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got much worse as materially threatened nobles began to regard wealthier peasants and their new-found desires for meat and wine with utter contempt
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a key economic consequence of the plague was
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a decline in manorialism and weakening of feudalism as noble landlords desperate for cash converted to peasant labor service to market rents freeing their serfs.
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the french government and aristocracy responded to the jacquerie by
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massacring the participants
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the english peasants revolt of 1381
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was caused by the rising economic expectations of ordinary people
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merchants and manufacturers responded to the economic tribulations of the fourteenth century by
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restricting competition and resisting the demands of the lower classes.
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on major issue behind the hundred years war was a claim to the french throne by the english king:
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Edward III
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One decisive advantage that england had at the beginning of the hundred years war was
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longbows
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in the conduct of the hundred years war a sure sign of feudalisms decline was the
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decisive role peasant foot soldiers rather than mounted knights.
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the crucial battle of the hundred years war that was won by Henry V in 1415 and that led to the treaty and apparent victory in the war for Henry and england was the Battle of
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Agincourt
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Joan of Arc saved france by inspiring the french soldiers to break the english siege of
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Amiens
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after helping drive the English from france Joan of Arc went on to
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be burned at the stake as a heretic
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Politically, france by the end of the fourteenth century saw
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chaos and civil war as rival noble factions fought for control of the realm
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politically, italy and germany were similar in the fourteenth century because
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both regions failed to develop a centralized monarchial state
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the conflict between pope boniface VIII and philip IV of france began when philip
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taxed churchmen without the churches permission
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one overall result of the great schism was to
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badly damage the faith of many christian believers
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the great schism arose in 1378 when
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the french cardinals elected a second pope
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dante's divine comedy
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is considered a sythesis of medieval christian thought
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Petrarch did not write sonnets in
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Latin
