question

@The Seven Years War resulted from

answer

a dispute between Indians, Virginians, Pennsylvanians, and the French over territory in the Ohio Valley.

question

@The turning point of the Seven Years War was most likely William Pitt's

answer

willingness to commit massive resources to the war.

question

@The terms of the Treaty of Paris included

answer

England receiving lands east of the Mississippi River, and Spain receiving lands west of the Mississippi River.

question

@What effect did the Seven Years War have on England national debt?

answer

The debt had doubled since William Pitt took office.

question

@After the Seven Years War, the Earl of Bute decided to keep several thousand British troops in America,

answer

maintain the peace between the colonists and the Indians.

question

@The Proclamation of 1763 was meant to

answer

prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

question

@In 1764, in an effort to generate income for England, George Grenville initiated the

answer

Sugar Act.

question

@An important difference between the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act was that the latter

answer

was an internal tax that few colonists could escape.

question

@George Grenville claimed that Americans had "virtual representation" because

answer

the members of the House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they were.

question

@The Virginia Resolves, authored by Patrick Henry of Virginia, were a response to the

answer

Stamp Act

question

@American opposition to the Stamp Act took the form of

answer

burning an effigy of a stamp collector, breaking windows, and ransacking an official's home.

question

@In response to the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act, the British government

answer

repealed the act but reaffirmed parliamentary power by passing the Declaratory Act

question

@The Declaratory Act showed Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's power to tax because it

answer

asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."

question

@As chancellor of the exchequer in 1767, Charles Townshend

answer

favored imposing taxes that would help pay off England's war debt and make the colonists pay the cost of maintaining British troops in America.

question

@In 1767, Charles Townshend enacted the Revenue Act, which

answer

placed new duties on imported items such as tea, glass, lead, paper, and painters' colors.

question

@The Revenue Act of 1767

answer

directed that some of the revenue generated from its application be used to pay the salaries of royal governors.

question

@Many women demonstrated their patriotism during the anti-British boycott by

answer

producing homespun cloth.

question

@Which of the following statements best characterizes the Boston Massacre of March 5, 1770?

answer

It was over in minutes, and the British regiments were then moved to an island in the harbor for their protection.

question

@John Adams, cousin of Samuel Adams, represented British captain Thomas Preston and his soldiers who were involved in the Boston Massacre to

answer

show that the Boston leaders were defenders of British liberty and law.

question

@The Gaspée incident of 1772 caused many towns in Massachusetts and in other colonies to set up a communications network of standing committees known as

answer

"committees of correspondence."

question

@According to the British, the major purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 was to

answer

boost sales for Britain's East India Company.

question

@Dissenting colonists believed that the real goal of the Tea Act of 1773 was to

answer

generate increased revenue to pay the salaries of royal governors and judges—a reminder of Parliament's taxation and legislative powers

question

@The Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts, included

answer

a law closing Boston harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for.

question

@The First Continental Congress

answer

denied Parliament's right to tax and legislate for the colonies but acknowledged its authority to regulate their trade.

question

@General Gage planned a surprise attack on an ammunition storage site in Concord

answer

because he was ordered to quell the dissenters before they became more organized.

question

@The first shot at Lexington was fired by

answer

an unknown person.

question

@Following the battles of Lexington and Concord, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation

answer

promising freedom to defecting, able-bodied slaves who would fight for the British.

question

@The Daughters of Liberty urged women to participate in public affairs and protest the Townshend duties by

answer

participating in nonconsumption agreements.

question

@About a month after the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, delegates from all of the colonies met to discuss their course of action at the

answer

Second Continental Congress

question

@The initial goal of the Second Continental Congress was to

answer

raise and supply an army and negotiate a reconciliation with England.

question

@In 1775, most of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress remained reluctant to break with Britain because they

answer

worried about the loss of Britain's military support, the effect on their economies, and political stability.

question

@Continental dollars were

answer

merely paper backed by no precious metals.

question

@The battle of Bunker Hill

answer

was a costly victory for the British.

question

@When George Washington took control of the Continental army, he found

answer

enthusiastic but undisciplined troops.

question

@The Olive Branch Petition of July 1775

answer

affirmed loyalty to the monarch, blamed Parliament for all the troubles, and asked that American colonial assemblies be recognized as individual parliaments.

question

@Revisions to the Declaration of Independence included those made by GA and SC, which removed

answer

the issue of slavery

question

@One of the main obstacles the British army faced in the Revolutionary War was

answer

the logistics of supplying an army with food and supplies across three thousand miles of water.

question

@The British goal in fighting the war in America was to

answer

regain colonial allegiance, not to destroy the colonies.

question

@In order to raise the necessary troops for the Continental army, the congress

answer

offered a bonus for enlistment and land grants to those who committed for the war's duration.

question

@Women served in the Continental army by

answer

performing domestic tasks and nursing the wounded.

question

@As manpower needs in the Continental army increased,

answer

free blacks were welcomed into service in the northern states.

question

@The American strategy in the war with Britain was to

answer

turn back the British and defeat their invading armies.

question

@The British strategy in the war in America was to

answer

recapture the thirteen colonies in a divide-and-conquer approach, with loyalist help.

question

@The American goal of capturing Montreal and Quebec early in the war

answer

showed that the Americans were not just reacting to the British invasion of Massachusetts.

question

@In one of the early battles of the war, the battle of Long Island,

answer

British troops led by General Howe forced the Americans to retreat to Manhattan Island.

question

@The Continental army enjoyed its first victory over the British on Christmas night in 1776, when the Americans

answer

crossed the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians at Trenton.

question

@The most visible and dedicated loyalists (also called Tories by their enemies) were

answer

local judges, customs officers, wealthy merchants, and urban lawyers.

question

@During the Revolutionary War, Indian tribes

answer

first hoped to stay neutral, but many ended up fighting on the British side.

question

@Treasonable acts, as defined by state laws in 1775 and 1776, included

answer

joining the British army or supplying it with food or ammunition.

question

@During the Revolution, the Continental Congress and various states issued paper money, which resulted in

answer

devaluation of the money and escalating prices.

question

@Well into the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress was forced to procure supplies and labor and to pay soldiers by

answer

offering land grant certificates and issuing certificates of debt.

question

@When British troops under General Howe captured Philadelphia in September 1777, the British government

answer

proposed a negotiated settlement that did not include American independence

question

@Relationships between Americans and Indians during the Revolutionary War were increasingly characterized by

answer

hostility and violent anti-Indian campaigns.

question

@After the American victory at Saratoga, France allied with the Americans because it

answer

saw an opportunity to defeat England, France's archrival.

question

@In the final phases of the Revolutionary War, the British

answer

attempted to recapture the southern colonies and place loyalists in power.

question

@After Gates's defeat and Arnold's treason,

answer

England's southern campaign faced small bands of American guerrillas fighting a series of fierce battles in the southern backcountry.

question

@After Cornwallis achieved the upper hand in Virginia, the picture changed dramatically because

answer

the French gave military support to Washington.

question

@The most decisive factor in ending the Revolutionary War at Yorktown was

answer

the French forces taking control of the Chesapeake, thus commanding the bay and the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina.

question

@By the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783,

answer

the king acknowledged that the United States were "free Sovereign and independent States."

question

@The British lost the Revolutionary War partly because

answer

of America's alliance with France, which provided artillery and ammunition, fresh troops, and naval support.

question

@Under the Articles of Confederation, the confederation government lacked

answer

an executive and judicial branch as well as the power to levy taxes.

question

@Under the Articles of Confederation,

answer

each state had a single vote in Congress.

question

@The Articles of Confederation were finally approved in 1781 when all the states agreed to surrender their

answer

claims to western lands.

question

@Most of the new states spelled out their citizens rights and liberties in written contracts because

answer

the unwritten nature of British political traditions led to Americans being denied liberties they had assumed they possessed.

question

@A shared feature of all the state constitutions drawn up during the American Revolution was

answer

the conviction that government rests on the consent of the governed.

question

@In devising their new constitutions, most states

answer

reduced the powers of the governor.

question

@Virginia's constitution was the first to

answer

include a bill of rights.

question

@Writers of the new state constitutions believed that voting requirements should

answer

include property ownership because property owners had independence of mind.

question

@Some states were reluctant to include "equality language" in their bills of rights and constitutions because

answer

they were afraid the words could be construed to apply to slaves.

question

@In the quarter century after 1775, legislatures provided for the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery in

answer

most northern states.

question

@Factors leading to the postwar depression that began in the mid-1780s included

answer

huge state and federal war debts, private debt, and rapid expenditure.

question

@Robert Morris proposed to increase the revenue of the confederation government by

answer

passing a 5 percent import tax (called an impost).

question

@The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

answer

prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

question

@Shays's Rebellion of 1786 was the result of

answer

increased taxes on farmers in Massachusetts.

question

@The major legacy of Shays's Rebellion was

answer

the realization that the Articles of Confederation were inadequate and thus a reworking of national government was needed.

question

@The fundamental issue raised at the Constitutional Convention was

answer

how to balance the conflicting interests of large and small states.

question

@At the Constitutional Convention, the proposal to create a two-chamber legislature, with representation in both houses based on each state's population, was known as the

answer

Virginia Plan.

question

@The major objection to the Virginia Plan by the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention was

answer

that the representation of the states in both houses of the congress would be based on population.

question

@The New Jersey Plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention

answer

called for a one-chamber legislature in which each state would have one vote.

question

@The Constitutional Convention deadlocked over the issue of

answer

representation.

question

@As a part of the Great Compromise, delegates at the Philadelphia convention agreed

answer

on a lower house whose seats would be apportioned on the basis of population, and an upper house—the Senate—that would have two senators per state.

question

@At the Philadelphia convention, which of the following was the compromise reached on the issue of who counted as population for the purpose of deciding representation?

answer

Slaves were counted under the three-fifths clause

question

@In a new distinction between democracy and republicanism, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention

answer

gave a direct voice to the people only in the House.

question

@Before the Constitution could go into effect, it had to be ratified

answer

by ratifying conventions in nine of the thirteen states.

question

@The Constitution most clearly shifted the balance of power in favor of

answer

national over state governments.

question

@Pro-Constitution forces called themselves

answer

Federalists

question

The first state to ratify the Constitution was

answer

Delaware

question

@Antifederalists were united mainly by

answer

their desire to block the Constitution.

question

@The authors of The Federalist essays originally wrote them

answer

as newspaper articles detailing the failures of the Articles of Confederation.

question

@In essay number 10 of The Federalist, James Madison maintained that the constitutional government would

answer

prevent any one faction from subverting the freedom of other groups.

question

@The core of Antifederalists opposition to the Constitution centered on

answer

fear that distant power might infringe on people's liberties.

question

@Property qualifications for voters and candidates in the new states disfranchised 25 to 50 percent of all adult white males

answer

disfranchised 25 to 50 percent of all adult white males

question

While Robert Morris's tax proposal didn't take effect and the Bank of North America did not resuscitate the economy in the 1780s, the confederation still had the potential to obtain wealth through

answer

sale of the huge territory ceded by Virginia, which in 1784 became the national domain

question

The two men who were instrumental in calling for the Philadelphia meeting in May 1787 to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation were

answer

Madison and Hamilton

question

Two-thirds of the Constitutional Convention's delegates were

answer

Lawyers

question

The Stamp Act Congress, held in New York in 1765,

answer

protested the "state of slavery" imposed by the Stamp Act and, by extension, the enslavement of blacks in the South.

question

Slaves were aware of the colonies' evolving political struggle with England; some slaves tried to promote their bid for freedom by

answer

stashing away ammunition for a planned uprising.

question

What made Robert Shurtleff of Massachusetts an atypical member of the Continental Army?

answer

his actual sex (He was a women disguised as a man)

question

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress chose George Washington as commander in chief because

answer

picking a southerner would show England that there was widespread commitment to war beyond New England.

question

Revisions to the Declaration of Independence included those made by Georgia and South Carolina, which removed

answer

the issue of slavery.

question

Washington was elected president unanimously and gained the admiration of many Americans primarily because

answer

he seemed to personify the eighteenth-century ideal of the disinterested republican political leader.

question

Washington chose which of the following men to be his secretary of the treasury?

answer

Alexander Hamilton

question

In response to promises that had been made in order to obtain ratification of the Constitution, James Madison drew up the

answer

first ten amendments to the Constitution, commonly called the Bill of Rights.

question

American cotton production underwent a real boom in the late 1790s because of

answer

market conditions and the invention of the cotton gin.

question

To restore faith in the credit of the federal government, Hamilton proposed

answer

that the federal government assume the unpaid war debts of the states

question

The main purpose of the moderate tariff that Hamilton proposed in his Report on Manufactures was to

answer

protect and foster domestic manufacturing.

question

The Whiskey Rebellion

answer

was a protest by grain farmers against the excise tax on whiskey.

question

To meet the interest payments on the national debt under his consolidation ("assumption") plan, Alexander Hamilton convinced Congress to pass

answer

a 25 percent excise tax on whiskey.

question

In 1794, General Anthony Wayne's defeat of the Indians at Fallen Timbers resulted in

answer

the Treaty of Greenville.

question

Which of the following goods offered to the Indians under the Treaty of Greenville was the most detrimental to the tribes?

answer

liquor

question

What was President Washington's first reaction to the war between England and France that began in 1793?

answer

He issued a Neutrality Proclamation.

question

How did the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804 affect white Americans?

answer

They became fearful that the rebellion might spread to American shores.

question

The first signs of distinct rival U.S. political groups appeared

answer

during Washington's second term.

question

In the election of 1796, a procedural flaw resulted in the election of political rivals as president and vice president; this flaw was

answer

corrected by passage of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804

question

In the 1796 presidential election, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

answer

ended up being president and vice president.

question

In the fall of 1797, in order to avert a war with France, President Adams

answer

sent three men to negotiate peace with France.

question

X, Y, and Z were the code names for

answer

three unnamed French agents sent by Talleyrand to meet with American commissioners.

question

In the election of 1800,

answer

party lines were drawn between Republicans and Federalists.

question

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions put forth the novel idea that

answer

states have the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws and can nullify laws that infringe on liberties as defined in the Bill of Rights.

question

According to Thomas Jefferson, the source of true freedom in America was the

answer

virtuous, independent farmer who owned and worked his land both for himself and for the market.

question

In his last weeks as president in 1801, John Adams appointed his famous "midnight judges" as a way to

answer

leave as many Federalists as possible in government positions as political counterweights to the incoming Republican administration.

question

The most lasting effect of Marbury v. Madison (1803) was

answer

the Supreme Court's claim to the right of judicial review.

question

The exploration of the Spanish and Indian territory west of the Mississippi River by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark was successful in

answer

establishing good relations with many Indian tribes and collecting valuable information on the peoples, plants, animals, and geography of the region.

question

The Embargo Act of 1807 affected the United States by

answer

bringing U.S. exporting to a standstill, increasing unemployment, and seriously reducing government revenues.

question

Women in early nineteenth-century Washington, D.C., played an important role in political circles

answer

by influencing patronage, writing letters of recommendation, and shaping personal connections.

question

In negotiating the Treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809, William Henry Harrison angered the Shawnee chief Tecumseh by

answer

negotiating with several Native American chiefs who had no legitimate claims to the land they ceded to the U.S. government

question

War Hawks were young congressmen who

answer

were enthusiastic for expansion, ready to subdue Native Americans standing in the way of white settlement, and eager to declare war on England.

question

The war with Great Britain declared by Congress in 1812 was

answer

passed by a vote that was divided along sectional lines.

question

While Andrew Jackson's defeat of the British at New Orleans cemented his status as a military hero, what he did not know at the time was that

answer

the War of 1812 had been over for two weeks.

question

James Tallmadge Jr.'s amendments to the Missouri statehood bill of 1819 were controversial because their ultimate effect would have been to

answer

make Missouri a free state.

question

In the Adams-Onís Treaty, the United States obtained from Spain the territory of

answer

Florida.

question

In 1823, President James Monroe issued what became known as the Monroe Doctrine, a statement that the Americas

answer

"are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power."

question

U.S. involvement in the War of 1812 encouraged economic growth in the

answer

manufacturing sector, because the embargo and trade stoppages meant that American factories received a temporary respite from competition with the British.

question

Tecumseh's most impressive achievement was probably his

answer

construction of a pan-Indian confederacy.

question

As a result of the War of 1812, the Federalist Party

answer

basically died as a political force, having opposed a war that most Americans chose to view as a nationalistic and patriotic victory over England.

question

Henry Clay's American System was a

answer

package of protective tariffs to promote manufacturing and federal expenditures for internal improvements.

question

Tecumseh responded to the many challenges facing Native Americans in the early republic by

answer

rejecting assimilation and proudly embracing Native American traditions.

question

As the presidential election of 1800 played out in the House of Representatives, Federalist Alexander Hamilton supported Thomas Jefferson over Aaron Burr because

answer

although Hamilton was no fan of Jefferson, he believed that the corrupt Burr would prove far more dangerous to the republic should he be elected president.

question

When Thomas Jefferson referred to his successful bid for the presidency in 1800 as the "revolution of 1800," he meant that

answer

it represented a thorough yet peaceful repudiation of the monarchical power of the Federalists.

question

What "qualm" did Thomas Jefferson have over purchasing the Louisiana Territory?

answer

He wasn't sure he had constitutional authority to make the purchase.

question

The group that suffered the greatest losses in the War of 1812 was the

answer

Indians.

question

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was successful in the House of Representatives only because

answer

seventeen northern congressmen voted with their southern colleagues in the interest of sectional political harmony.

question

In the early nineteenth century, the Anglo-American view of women was embodied in the legal concept of feme covert, which held that

answer

a wife's civic or legal existence was completely subsumed by that of her husband.

question

A contemporary newspaper dubbed the first term of President James Monroe the "Era of Good Feelings," a designation indicating that

answer

feelings were that a one-party government would, of course, be harmonious.

question

A woman in the early republic who owned and conveyed property, made contracts, and initiated lawsuits was probably

answer

single.

question

Who served as unofficial campaign managers for the five candidates running for the presidency in 1824?

answer

the candidates' wives

question

The presidential election of 1824 was notable because it was the last

answer

to be decided in the House of Representatives.

question

If Andrew Jackson had any doubts that John Quincy Adams became president in 1824 as a result of a "corrupt bargain" with Henry Clay, he became confident that he was right when

answer

Adams made Clay his secretary of state.

question

John Quincy Adams was a one-term president primarily because

answer

he had not developed the political horse sense necessary to survive in America's rough-and-tumble world of electoral politics.

question

During the 1790s, a rift developed between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson partly because

answer

Hamilton supported the commercial elite and admired the British.

question

According to republican ideals of the late eighteenth century, women and mothers were most important in

answer

Teaching virtuous sons

question

Critics opposed the federal government assuming the states' old Revolutionary War debt because

answer

such action could subordinate the states to federal power

question

Which of the following best describes the U.S. government's early policy toward Indians in the Northwest Territory?

answer

Displace the Indians and clear the way for permanent American settlements in Ohio.

question

The Constitution did not include or anticipate

answer

Political parties

question

In an effort to muffle the heated opposition to President Adams's anti-French foreign policy,

answer

Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1798.

question

The basic intent of the two Alien Acts passed by Congress was to

answer

harass French immigrants already in the United States and discourage others from coming.

question

The Sedition Act targeted mainly

answer

Republican newspaper editors who freely published criticism of the Adams administration.

question

Which of the following statements characterized the Federalists in 1800?

answer

They advocated a strong centralized government.

question

In 1800, Republicans could be described as

answer

sympathetic to French republican ideals.

History Ch 6-8 – Flashcards

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