History 1301 (1st Exam) – Flashcards
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Native American Population in 1492
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70 Million Native Americans
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Texas Indians
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Cadoo, Comache, Kiowa
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European Foods ( Not known by Indians)
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Wheat, Oats and Barley
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Indian Foods (Not known by Europeans)
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Corn, Squash and Beans
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Chrisitan world in 1942
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Protestants and Catholics
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Christopher Columbus
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Sailed looking for a better trade route.
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Small Pox
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Killed 3/4 of Indians
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Amerigo Vespucci
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Discovered other continents., The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him
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Debtors Prison
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1502 - Christopher Columbus thrown in prison because he was in debt to Spain, Spain loaned money for voyages.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Discovered how large the world was in 1522.
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Slaves taken from Africa
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13 million Africans taken, 1 million died on the way to Africa passage, 12 million shipped to Americas, 3 million died on ships.
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Population of Slaves (that lived)
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1 million - Central America, 3.5 million Caribbean Island, 1 million to United States
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Three G's of Spanish
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1. Gold, 2. Glory (military win big battles), 3. God
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Black Legend of Spanish
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Cruel, forceful ways to convert Indians and Protestants to Catholicism.
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Las Casas
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1514 - Better treatment for Indians.
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Encomienda System
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priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory
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Repartimiento System
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required adult male Native Americans to devote a set number of days of labor annually to Spanish economic enterprises. PROBLEM- abused workers due to sense of urgency and exploitation
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Spanish Explorer DeLeon
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1513 - Juan Ponce De Leon explores Florida
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Spanish Explorer Balboa
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1513 - Central America
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Spanish Explorer De Cardova
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1517 - Mayas (Yucatan Peninsula)
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*Spanish Explorer Cortes*
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1519-1522 begins the conquest of Aztec empire (Mexico), 1535 Eastern Canada - Trade with French Indians
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Spanish Explorer Pizzaro
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1532 - Incas (Peru), led soldiers down Pacific coast and brutally subdues the Inca empire.
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Spanish Explorer Desoto
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1539 - 1542 South Claimed
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*Spanish Explorer Coronado*
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1540 - 1542 - U.S. Southwest
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Mexico Indian Groups
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Nahuatls, Laxacans, Plaxatecas
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Tenochtitlan
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Indians, Mexico City - 200,000
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Small Pox Epidemic
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within 100 miles of Tenochtitlans, killed 100,000 and 1.5 million Aztecs
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Dutch Explorer Henry Hudson
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Landed in Manhattan, went to Hudson river but did not find waterway to Pacific.
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Wall Street
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Dutch built a wall to protect themselves from the Indians.
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New Amsterdam
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Changed to New York when English took over.
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Augenots
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French Protestants
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Black Robes
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French Jesuit Priests
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The Beaver War
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1649 - 1654 Native war that involved the French and Iroquois; fighting over trade
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First English Colony
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1587 - Roanoke Island (North Carolina), 102 people vanished (lost colony)
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Dutch War
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1643 - 1645 The war lasted 2 years. It started when the Dutch killed 80 Indians
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New England Indian Wars
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1637 - Dequot War and 1676 Wampanough War
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New England Original Colonies
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1637 New Hampshire, 1620 Massachusetts, 1636 Rhode Island, 1637 Conneticuit
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Mid Atlantic Original Colonies
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1609 New Amsterdam (New York), 1864 New Jersey, 1681 Pennsylvania, 1702 Delaware
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South Original Colonies
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1636 Maryland, 1602 Jamestown, Virginia, 1656 Carolina (1704 Split into North and South Carolina), 1732 Georgia
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12,000 B.C
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Humans have migrated to the Americas, most from Siberia
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A.D 1492
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Columbus sailed from Spain (first voyage of discovery)
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John Cabot
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1497 - Explores New Foundland
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Jacques Cartier
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1541 - Sailing for France, explores the St. Lawrence River and then went north to present day Montreal.
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Protestant Reformation
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1517 - 1648 Spurred religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants
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Spanish Armada
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1588 - defeated by the English
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Aztecs
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Indian tribe located in the valley area by the Mississippi River.
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Reformation
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Greed, conquest, racism and slavery.
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Conquestadores
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Spanish Soldiers
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Encomienda
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Officers became privileged landowners.
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Pueblos
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Indian tribe, talked into Spanish domination, promised "peace, justice, prosperity and protection".
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Queen Elizabeth I
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Queen of England, encouraged Dutch and English sea captains to attach Spanish.
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Original Colony Population
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1700's - 250,000 & 1750's - 1,500,000
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The Gentility
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Upper 5% of English dominated colony politics.
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Production
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1780's used artisan system (hand made - $300) to 1880's mass production (mass produced, cheaper - $100)
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George Oglethorpe
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1732 - 1742 founded Georgia, banned alcohol and slavery. After his death alcohol and slavery made their way into Georgia.
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Bacon Rebellion
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1676 - Virginia, Indentured servants were not given land for the work provided and rebelled. Slavery moved in after rebellion.
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Halfway Covenant
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1660 Puritans, people drifted away from religion but they baptized the children to protect from witchcraft.
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Navigation Acts
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1660 - 1697 English passed act so that colonist goods could only be by English ships. Act was not properly governed due to lack of man power because of the French wars.
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World wide struggle for power
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Two main superpowers trying to conquer the world: English Protestants and French Catholics.
