History 122 Study Guide 8 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
1. Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940? A. He feared that the Republican candidate Wendell Wilkie lacked the experience to govern the nation. B. He argued that the nation should not switch its executive leadership in the middle of war. C. He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post. D. He argued that the United States could only defeat the dictators of Italy, Germany, and Japan if they follow the leader with similar authority and power. E. He did so reluctantly after recognizing that his eight years of leadership had failed to produce a viable successor in the Democratic Party.
answer
C
question
2. FDR's Four Freedoms include all of the following EXCEPT: A. freedom from want. B. freedom of speech. C. freedom from fear. D. freedom of enterprise. E. freedom of religion.
answer
D
question
3. The Four Freedoms: A. was a campaign slogan of the Republicans. B. were the war aims of Nazi Germany. C. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims. D. included the freedom to join the Communist Party. E. did not apply to Jehovah's Witnesses.
answer
C
question
4. During the 1930s, the Good Neighbor Policy: A. included the renewal of the Platt Amendment. B. maintained the right of American military intervention in Latin America. C. was a foreign policy based on the recognition of the autonomy of Latin American countries. D. was a foreign policy that assisted in democratic revolutions. E. included a continued U.S. military presence in Haiti and Nicaragua.
answer
C
question
5. The Office of War Information: A. imprisoned isolationists. B. cast the war's sole goal as retaliation against the Japanese. 2 C. attempted to stir up nationalist hysteria. D. was a New Deal program. E. linked World War II to the American Revolution.
answer
E
question
6. Who is considered the founder of fascism? A. Benito Mussolini B. Adolf Hitler C. Francisco Franco D. Joseph Stalin E. Hideki Tojo
answer
A
question
7. France and Britain's policy toward Germany of giving concessions in hopes of avoiding war was called: A. isolationism. B. détente. C. internationalism. D. appeasement. E. provocation.
answer
D
question
8. As fascism rose in Europe and Asia during the 1930s, most Americans: A. supported U.S. intervention. B. supported U.S. neutrality. C. wanted to move beyond isolationism. D. remained ambivalent. E. favored an end to international trade.
answer
B
question
9. Many Americans remained convinced that their involvement in World War I had been: A. an exciting adventure for young men. B. a mistake. C. the source of much of Europe's troubles. D. the main reason for Japan's hostility toward them. E. a prevention of the expansion of communism in Europe
answer
B
question
10. In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan: A. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. B. allowed Germany to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. C. allowed Japan to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. D. allowed all belligerents to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. E. was voted down by Congress.
answer
A
question
11. Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the: A. America Now! committee, an interventionist group. B. Anti-Semitism Society, a group that blamed the Jews for the war. C. America First committee, an isolationist group. D. Lend-Lease League, a group that supported technology for the war. E. Free Paris Society, a group that advocated the liberation of Paris.
answer
C
question
12. In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt: A. decided not to run for a third term. B. faced a serious challenge from the Republican candidate Wendell Wilkie. C. waited until after his reelection to pass the nation's first peacetime draft law. D. won an unprecedented third term as president. E. won in a very close election after a contentious campaign.
answer
D
question
13. The Lend- Lease Act: A. authorized military aid to Germany and Japan. B. authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan. C. excluded China. D. excluded the Soviet Union. E. maintained trade relations with Japan.
answer
B
question
14. Why did the United States provide Lend-Lease assistance to the Soviet Union after June 1941? A. Stalin had promised democratic reforms in the Soviet Union in return. B. Hitler had renounced the nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union and invaded that country. C. Roosevelt had finally convinced Churchill that Stalin was a useful ally in the war against Germany. D. Stalin's Red Army had invaded Poland and was marching toward Germany in response to news of genocide. E. Congressional midterm elections had created the necessary political majority to authorize assistance to that communist nation then.
answer
B
question
15. December 7, 1941, is known as a "date that will live in infamy," referring to: A. the German invasion of Poland. B. the Japanese assault on Indochina. C. the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. D. the German declaration of war against the United States. E. Jeannette Rankin's vote against a declaration of war.
answer
C
question
16. After the United States entered World War II: A. Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. B. Americans immediately won several key battles. C. it maintained control of the Philippines. D. Americans experienced a series of military losses. E. no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese.
answer
D
question
17. How did the Allied campaign in Italy prepare for the ground invasion of France on D-Day? A. The defeat of Mussolini's regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy. B. American soldiers had the opportunity to hone their fighting skills in the much more forgiving Mediterranean theater of war. C. Allied forces had to secure the Mediterranean for unperturbed access to Middle Eastern oil, a necessary resource for the ground invasion. D. By occupying Italy, Allied forces were able to channel supplies through Switzerland and France to the westward marching invaders from Normandy. E. The defeat of Italy made it possible to recruit desperately needed Italian ground troops for an invasion in France.
answer
A
question
18. "D-Day" refers to the: A. Allied invasion of the Soviet Union. B. Allied invasion of Japan. C. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. D. dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan. E. Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.
answer
E
question
19. The Holocaust: A. was the spread of contagious disease in Asia. B. was the mass extermination of millions of Jews and others in Nazi death camps. C. included the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan. D. is the equivalent of D-Day. E. was the mass slaughter of the Chinese during the Japanese invasion.
answer
B
question
20. What was the "final solution"? A. the Allied operation for D-Day B. Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate Jews and other "undesirable" peoples C. the United States' plan for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan D. Japan's plan to attack Pearl Harbor E. Joseph Stalin's plan to spread communism throughout the world
answer
B
question
21. In the United States during World War II: 5 A. unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased. B. the economy grew only slightly. C. income taxes increased only for the wealthy. D. little was done to regulate the economy. E. the actual size of the federal government shrank as the New Deal ended.
answer
A
question
22. Which area of the United States witnessed the greatest growth during the war? A. Northeast B. Midwest C. Southwest D. West Coast E. Southeast
answer
D
question
23. Organized labor assisted in the war effort by: A. decreasing union membership. B. agreeing to a no-strike pledge. C. accepting wage cuts. D. asking Congress to abolish Social Security. E. joining the army.
answer
B
question
24. During the war, Americans: A. grew victory gardens to allow food to be sent to the army. B. found fewer consumer goods available by 1944. C. still suffered from high unemployment. D. were told that the end of war might bring a return of the Great Depression. E. experienced extreme deprivation.
answer
A
question
25. "Rosie the Riveter": A. refers to a movie star during World War II. B. was a term applied only to black women workers. C. described only single women workers. D. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer. E. refers to a type of industrial machinery.
answer
D
question
26. Women working in defense industries during the war: A. were viewed as permanent workers after the war, so long as they did a good job. B. made up one- third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding. C. had little impact on the war effort. D. were small in number, as most women took clerical work or joined the military service as nurses. 6 E. were all young, single women who left their jobs once they got married.
answer
B
question
27. For most women workers, World War II: A. had little impact. B. permanently changed the way employers viewed them. C. allowed them to make temporary gains. D. permanently changed the way unions viewed them. E. did not increase employment rates, especially for married women.
answer
C
question
28. Henry Luce's The American Century: A. hailed the "century of the common man." B. hailed "free economic enterprise." C. described the advances made by African-Americans. D. described the advances made by women. E. urged Americans to return to a state of isolationism.
answer
B
question
29. What does Henry Luce see as the role for America in his book The American Century? A. for America to exert its influence on the world B. deficit spending to end the Depression C. creating a welfare state to fully embrace liberalism D. entering World War II to aid Great Britain E. return to a strict policy of isolationism
answer
A
question
30. The National Resources Planning Board: A. urged the curtailment of Social Security. B. urged the expansion of the welfare state. C. urged the discontinuation of Keynesian spending in peacetime. D. urged less government spending in general. E. had the full support of Congress.
answer
B
question
31. The GI Bill of Rights: A. was very limited in scope. B. included scholarships for education for veterans. C. extended benefits to very few veterans. D. did not include health insurance. E. was unavailable for African-American veterans.
answer
B
question
32. Which work offered an intellectual justification for opponents of active government, laying the foundation for the rise of modern conservatism? 7 A. Henry Luce's The American Century B. Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom C. Wendell Willkie's One World D. Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma E. Ruth Benedict's Races and Racism
answer
B
question
33. The "zoot suit" riots of 1943: A. were a series of fashion shows in Hollywood. B. involved Mexican immigrants fighting with blacks in Los Angeles. C. involved auto workers in Detroit. D. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II. E. highlighted the growing acceptance of Mexicans in southern California.
answer
D
question
34. During World War II, American Indians: A. served in the military and worked in war production. B. prospered, especially those on reservations. C. were eligible for GI Bill benefits only if living on a reservation. D. became more isolated within American society. E. collaborated with the Japanese.
answer
A
question
35. Government propaganda and war films portrayed the Japanese as: A. blameless victims of their own government. B. similar to the Germans and Italians. C. bestial and subhuman. D. freedom fighters. E. communists.
answer
C
question
36. Executive Order 9066: A. was overturned by the Supreme Court. B. authorized the internment of German-Americans. C. authorized the internment of Italian-Americans. D. authorized the internment of Japanese-Americans. E. exempted all those who were technically American citizens.
answer
D
question
37. Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE? A. Some whites saw internment as an opportunity to take Japanese land. B. The Supreme Court refused to intervene. C. Japanese-Americans in Hawaii were exempt from the policy. D. Thousands of Japanese men from internment camps joined the U.S. military. E. Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.
answer
E
question
38. In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court: A. deemed Japanese internment unconstitutional. B. upheld the legality of Japanese internment. C. deemed loyalty oaths constitutional. D. barred Japanese- Americans from serving in the U.S. military. E. apologized for Japanese internment.
answer
B
question
39. During World War II, African-Americans: A. experienced full equality before the law. B. witnessed the end of Jim Crow laws. C. served in integrated units in the armed forces. D. received equal access to the GI Bill of Rights benefits. E. witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement.
answer
E
question
40. According to Gunnar Myrdal, America's dilemma was a conflict between: A. America's rhetoric at home and its foreign policy abroad. B. American values and American racial policies. C. American business ethos and American labor unions. D. America's isolationism and Germany's aggression. E. American liberalism and American conservatism.
answer
B
question
41. The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki: A. had little impact on the course of the war. B. affected military installations but harmed few civilians. C. remains controversial in the U.S. and the world. D. provoked a Soviet attack on Japan. E. happened without the knowledge of President Truman.
answer
C
question
42. At Yalta the Big Three met for a summit. It was here that they finally agreed: A. that the Soviet Union would enter the Pacific war. B. on the plans for a United Nations. C. to use atomic weapons to end the war. D. that Churchill would give up the British colonial possessions. E. to place top Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes.
answer
A
question
43. At the Yalta conference in 1945: A. war time American-Soviet cooperation was at its peak. B. Stalin was denied permission to maintain control of the Baltic states. C. Churchill agreed to end British colonial control of India. 9 D. Stalin agreed to enter the war against the Japanese immediately. E. no plans were made regarding Poland.
answer
A
question
44. The 1944 conference at Dumbarton Oaks established the structure of the: A. World Bank. B. International Monetary Fund. C. League of Nations. D. United Nations. E. right of independence for India.
answer
D
question
45. Why did the United States drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima? A. The invasion of Japan was certain to cost as many as 250,000 American lives. B. There was no indication that Japan was at all willing to surrender. C. With the Soviet Union out of the war, the United States was to face the defeat of Japan on its own. D. Since the United States had spent years and millions of dollars developing the weapon, it was going to use it in the war. E. Hiroshima was a central site of weapons production in the Japanese empire.
answer
D
question
46. World War II: A. led to Japan emerging as a regional power. B. led to Germany emerging as a regional power. C. led to a strengthened and victorious France. D. produced a radical re distribution of world power. E. led to the Soviet Union emerging as the dominant world power.
answer
D
question
47. The Atlantic Charter: A. was made between Stalin and Hitler. B. outlawed submarine warfare. C. promised peoples' right to chose their own government. D. established the World Bank and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). E. established the United Nations.
answer
C
question
48. What made it so difficult for the United States to reject the demands of Joseph Stalin for establishing a Soviet sphere in eastern Europe? A. Roosevelt realized the sacrifices the Soviets had made in their victory in the eastern front. B. The Soviet Union had long feared the aggressive governments of eastern Europe. C. It was hard for Roosevelt to distinguish between eastern European Slavs and Russian- speaking Soviets. 10 D. Since the United States wanted to create a similar sphere of influence in western Europe, Stalin's request could hardly be denied. E. Virtually all of the eastern European territories in question had once been part of the Russian empire.
answer
A
question
49. What did the members of the new United Nations Security Council all have in common? A. They all were in control of nuclear bombs. B. They were all part of the allies that won World War II. C. They were the wealthiest nations at the time. D. They all had suffered the least casualties and financial losses during the war. E. They all were western industrialized nations.
answer
B
