HISTORY 102 Final. La Tech – Flashcards
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The cahiers des doléances were: Select one: a. paper currency printed during the moderate stage of the Revolution. b. ancient lists of aristocratic privileges. c. lists detailing the feudal obligations of the French peasantry. d. lists of grievances drawn up by assemblies preparing for the meeting of the Estates General in 1789.
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d
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In general, what precipitated the French Revolution? Select one: a. the planned reforms of Louis XVI b. the writings of Rousseau and Voltaire c. a fiscal crisis d. a conflict between the very rich and the very poor
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C
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The storming of the Bastille, the "Great Fear," and the October Days were all similar in that they: Select one: a. expressed the depth of discontent in France. b. were initiated by the bourgeoisie. c. were crushed by the Paris Guards. d. aimed at bringing Louis back to Paris from Versailles.
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A
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On April 20, 1792, the National Assembly declared war on: Select one: a. Britain. b. Russia and Austria. c. Prussia. d. Austria and Prussia.
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D
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In August 1791, the largest and most successful slave rebellion in history broke out in: Select one: a. Saint-Domingue. b. Guadeloupe. c. Martinique. d. Grenada.
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D
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Napoleon's Continental System of 1806 was intended as an "economic" war directed at: Select one: a. Russia. b. Austria. c. Britain. d. Austria and Prussia. Feedback
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C
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The Civil Constitution of the Clergy of 1790: Select one: a. was intended to make the Catholic Church a national and civil institution. b. was most attractive to the peasantry and sans-culottes. c. encountered little resistance from the French Church. d. was a dramatic piece of legislation overseen by the Committee of Public Safety.
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A
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The Napoleonic Code established all of the following except: Select one: a. all privileges based on birth were abolished. b. the legal existence of craft guilds. c. setting conditions for contracts, leases and stock companies. d. giving husbands extensive control over wives and children.
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B
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On the Ninth of Thermidor (July 27), 1794, which Jacobin was shouted down in the National Convention? Select one: a. Marat b. Danton c. HĂ©bert d. Robespierre
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D
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The revolutionary leader of St. Domingue, Toussaint L'Ouverture: Select one: a. set up a constitution abolishing slavery and establishing Christianity as the state religion. b. swore allegiance to France but denied France the right to interfere in affairs of St. Domingue. c. was captured by Napoleon's army and sent to France. d. all of the above
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D
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On August 4, 1789, the National Assembly: Select one: a. took steps to abolish all forms of privilege. b. drafted the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. c. ratified a liberal constitution. d. declared the first stage of the Revolution to be finished.
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A
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Who was declared "temporary consul" on 18 Brumaire (November 9), 1799? Select one: a. Robespierre b. Tallyrand c. Napoleon Bonaparte d. Barras and SieyĂšs
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C
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The legacy of the French Revolution and Napoleonic era can be partly summed up by which concepts? Select one: a. liberty, equality, and nation b. brotherhood and freedom c. conservatism and liberalism d. socialism, anarchism, and communism
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A
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At the Battle of Waterloo (June 1815), Napoleon was defeated by the combined forces of: Select one: a. Prussia and Austria. b. Britain and Austria. c. Britain and Prussia. d. Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain.
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C
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The episode known as the "Great Fear," during the summer of 1789, involved: Select one: a. urban disturbances that resulted in the expulsion of the Girondins. b. the murder of French deists by parish priests. c. an aristocratic reaction to events in Paris. d. peasant disturbances that destroyed manors and feudal records.
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D
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The Third Estate included all but which of the following? Select one: a. peasants and artisans b. wealthy merchants and lawyers c. poor parish priests and the lower nobility d. wealthy artisans
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C
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The well-intentioned reforms of Louis XVI: Select one: a. ultimately undermined his authority. b. gave the Jacobins hope that he could become a constitutional monarch. c. were opposed by Jacques Turgot and Jacques Necker. d. pacified the sans-culottes in August 1792.
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A
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Olympe de Gouges: Select one: a. was a royalist who murdered Marat in 1793. b. popularized Burke's Reflections in France. c. was the only female member of the National Assembly. d. argued that women had the same rights as men
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D
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Of the following, who was not a well-known leader of the radical revolution of the National Convention? Select one: a. Robespierre. b. Danton. c. SieyĂšs. d. Jean Paul Marat.
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C
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During the September Massacres (September 1792): Select one: a. more than 1,000 enemies of the revolution were sentenced to death by the Paris crowds. b. the Palace Guards murdered several prominent Jacobins. c. Louis XVI was guillotined as a common criminal. d. all the Jacobin clubs were closed by the Committee of Public Safety.
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A
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Which of the following does not explain why the French Revolution became more radical in 1792? Select one: a. The common people had become politicized and politics became part of daily life. b. There was a complete lack of effective national leadership. c. Louis attempted to escape France in June 1791. d. Louis accepted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
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D
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In December 1804 Napoleon: Select one: a. was crowned Emperor of the Romans by the pope at Rome. b. crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I. c. divorced Josephine de Beauharnais. d. was defeated by Nelson's navy at Abukir Bay.
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B
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At the Battle of the Nations, fought near Leipzig: Select one: a. France routed Austrian and Prussian forces. b. Tsar Alexander I of Russia agreed to a truce with Napoleon. c. the French armies were defeated by the allies. d. Napoleon was forced to abdicate.
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C
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In January 1793: Select one: a. France was declared a republic. b. Louis XVI was placed on trial. c. Parisian sans-culottes executed 1,000 enemies of the revolution. d. Louis XVI was guillotined.
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D
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On June 20, 1789, the delegates of the Third Estate began the French Revolution by: Select one: a. storming the Bastille. b. taking the Oath of the Tennis Court. c. drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. d. expelling Mirabeau and SieyĂšs.
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B
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The "new cathedrals" of the industrial age were: Select one: a. museums, opera houses, and city halls. b. textile factories. c. railway stations. d. suburban middle-class homes.
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A
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Working-class men and women were most vulnerable to: Select one: a. unemployment, sickness, and industrial accidents. b. seasonal unemployment. c. cyclical economic depressions. d. all of the above
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D
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During the Great Famine of 1845-1849: Select one: a. there was a population shift from the Netherlands to England. b. at least a million Irish people died. c. refugees from the famine immigrated to Russia. d. all of the above
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B
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Which of the following does not explain why Europe lagged behind Great Britain in industrialization? Select one: a. Small peasant landholders rejected the commercialization of agriculture. b. Europe lacked necessary raw materials such as coal. c. Capital was not readily available for investment. d. Europe had no tradition of manufacturing industry
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D
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In general, most nineteenth-century working-class women worked in: Select one: a. domestic service. b. textile factories. c. department stores. d. schools.
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A
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The Transatlantic cable and the invention of the telephone: Select one: a. laid the groundwork for a revolution in communications. b. only affected the upper-middle classes. c. were only gradually utilized by the business classes. d. contributed greatly to the spread of political parties and ideologies.
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A
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Queen Victoria was a successful queen because: Select one: a. she embodied traits important to the middle classes. b. her name has come to represent the culture of the nineteenth century. c. she managed to extol the virtues of the aristocracy at the moment they went into decline. d. her court was in all respects similar to that of her uncle, George IV
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A
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Which of the following statements does not adequately describe a Victorian middle-class home? Select one: a. It proclaimed the financial worth of its owner. b. It was located as far away as possible from the sights and smells of industrialization. c. It was built to last. d. It was often sparsely decorated.
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D
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The Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain first because: Select one: a. the Continental System guaranteed that Britain would be able to import much-needed coal. b. the government was able to borrow necessary capital from German banking houses. c. agriculture was more thoroughly commercialized in Britain than elsewhere. d. of its vast network of internal tolls and tariffs
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C
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The spinning jenny: Select one: a. produced twice as much yarn as hand spinning. b. contributed to the rapid production of silk. c. produced from six to twenty-four times more yarn than a hand spinner. d. produced a very poor quality of cotton cloth.
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C
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After the 1850s, who led in the invention and commercialization of electricity? Select one: a. Britain b. France c. Belgium and France d. Germany and the United States
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D
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The working classes were divided into various subgroups based on: Select one: a. religion and education. b. skills and wages. c. skills, wages, gender, and workplace. d. gender and workplace.
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C
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Outside their homes, middle-class wives: Select one: a. became store and bank managers. b. played little social or political roles. c. undertook voluntary work and campaigns for social reform. d. none of the above
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C
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The British "navvies" built: Select one: a. railways. b. shipyards. c. factories. d. hospital and schools.
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A
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The Industrial Revolution began in: Select one: a. France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. b. eighteenth-century Great Britain c. the United States and France. d. the industrial region surrounding the city of London.
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B
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In general, European serfdom: Select one: a. was an obstacle to the commercialization of agriculture. b. disappeared across eastern Europe and Russia by 1800. c. provided vast incentives for landowners to improve farming techniques. d. both a and b
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A
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The expression, "angel in the house," refers to: Select one: a. a London prostitute. b. the Victorian middle-class woman. c. an essay by John Stuart Mill. d. a London domestic servant.
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B
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Before 1815, industrialization on the Continent was held back by the: Select one: a. French Revolution. b. Continental System. c. Napoleonic Wars. d. all of the above
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D
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In general, the population of Europe in the nineteenth century: Select one: a. declined. b. stayed roughly the same. c. showed a dramatic increase. d. slowly increased.
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C
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The first steam engine, used for pumping water from mine shafts, was invented in 1711 by: Select one: a. William Blake. b. Matthew Boulton. c. James Watt. d. Thomas Newcomen.
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D
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It took a crew of 20,000 men ______ to complete the London-to-Birmingham railway. Select one: a. two years b. less than a year c. almost twelve years d. five years.
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D
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Which of the following statements does not represent nineteenth-century middle-class thinking about gender roles? Select one: a. Men and women inhabited "separate spheres." b. Women were suited for higher education because their brains were larger. c. Men and women had different social roles. d. Women were morally superior to men because of their "passionlessness."
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B
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The fictional city Charles Dickens describes in Hard Times was named: Select one: a. Milltun. b. Smokeville. c. Misery d. Coketown
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D
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By 1870, which country was not one of the "core" industrial nations of Europe? Select one: a. France b. Russia c. Italy d. Germany
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B
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The mythical leader of a British rural rebellion in the 1820s was: Select one: a. Ned Lud. b. John Ball. c. Captain Swing. d. Wat Tyler.
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C
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John Kay's invention of the "flying shuttle," in 1733, revolutionized the process of cotton: Select one: a. spinning. b. weaving. c. carding. d. combing.
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B
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Middle-class respectability required all but which of the following? Select one: a. financial independence b. living modestly and soberly c. merit and character d. conspicuous consumption
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D
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For most Romantic writers and artists, the best guide to truth and human happiness was: Select one: a. a continued faith in the power of human reason. b. intuition, emotion, and feelings. c. modern science. d. to recognize that human nature is uniform and that all men are endowed with reason
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B
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The "Six Acts," passed by Parliament in the wake of Peterloo (1819): Select one: a. enfranchised all members of the middle class. b. gave civil and political rights to Catholics and Dissenters. c. permitted the right of public meeting. d. outlawed seditious literature.
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D
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In general, it can be said that early nineteenth century nationalism: Select one: a. became an important rallying cry for liberals. b. could easily undermine some liberal values. c. celebrated the political "awakening" of the common people. d. all of the above
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D
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The Decembrists were: Select one: a. elite Russian army officers. b. French Jacobins who went "underground." c. members of the Russian Third Section. d. Prussian socialists.
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A
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Orientalism refers to: Select one: a. early nineteenth-century artistic and cultural developments in the Ottoman empire. b. the heightened European interest in the East, specifically Egypt. c. cultural nationalism in China and Japan. d. none of the above
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B
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Which utopian socialist established a model factory at New Lanark that was based on cooperation and not profit? Select one: a. Robert Owen b. Charles Fourier c. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon d. Flora Tristan
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A
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Which political group was not represented in the provisional government following the abdication of Louis Philippe in 1848? Select one: a. anarchists b. liberals c. socialists d. republicans
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A
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Which country was not a member of the Holy Alliance? Select one: a. Belgium b. Britain c. Russia d. Prussia
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A
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The Revolution of 1830 in France was led by: Select one: a. workers, artisans, students, and writers. b. middle-class Jacobins. c. the nobility and the army. d. students.
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A
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Which pairing is incorrect? Select one: a. HugoâSorrows of the Young Werther b. François ChateaubriandâGenius of Christianity c. Fredrich SchillerâWilliam Tell d. DelacroixâLiberty Leading the People
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A
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The July Monarchy: Select one: a. created a constitutional monarchy under Louis Philippe. b. doubled the number of eligible voters. c. was created in the wake of the abdication of Charles X. d. all of the above
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D
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Which of the following was not a Romantic painter? Select one: a. Turner b. Baudelaire c. Constable d. Gericault
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B
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Simon Bolivar was an important military and political figure in South American revolutions because he: Select one: a. liberated Chile and Peru from Portuguese rule. b. was a monarchist who crushed the revolution in Venezuela. c. fought to create a large South American republic. d. defeated the monarchist San Martin at Rio de la Plata.
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C
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Which candidate polled more than twice as many votes as the others in the elections following the June Days? Select one: a. Alphonse de Lamartine b. Louis EugĂšne Cavaignac c. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte d. Alexandre August Ledru-Rollin
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C
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Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776): Select one: a. attacked the principles of liberty as established by John Locke. b. was an economic treatise that advocated continued mercantilist practice. c. argued that the economy should be based on a "system of natural liberty." d. both a and c
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C
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All of the following were prominent Chartist agitators except: Select one: a. Bronterre O'Brien. b. Harriet Martineau. c. Feargus O'Connor. d. William Lovett.
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B
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According to Marx's theory of dialectical materialism, the stage of feudal or aristocratic property relations: Select one: a. came to an end with the French Revolution of 1789. b. was still in place as late as 1848. c. was made obsolete by the Glorious Revolution of 1689. d. could never be overcome without violent social revolution.
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A
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One of the commanding figures at the Congress of Vienna was: Select one: a. the Duke of Wellington. b. Klemens von Metternich. c. Alexis de Tocqueville. d. Sir Robert Peel.
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B
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The peace treaties crafted at Vienna in 1815 prevented a major European war until: Select one: a. 1830. b. 1848. c. 1870. d. 1914.
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D
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The British Romantic painter, J. M. W. Turner, was most well known for: Select one: a. composing the Lyrical Ballads. b. siding with the Chartists in 1848. c. his intensely subjective, imaginative, and somewhat unconventional paintings. d. writing the wildly popular manifesto, The Genius of Christianity
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C
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In general, the significance of the Greek war for independence was that it: Select one: a. helped Europe redefine its identity. b. abolished Ottoman rule in the Balkans. c. preserved an Ottoman foothold in southeastern Europe. d. brought Serbia and Greece into a mutual alliance
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A
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Which of the following was not one of the six points of the People's Charter? Select one: a. universal white male suffrage b. the eight-hour day and equal pay for men and women c. the secret ballot and payment of members of the House of Commons d. annual parliamentary elections and equal electoral districts
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B
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The Troppau memorandum (1820) was a: Select one: a. territorial treaty signed by Prussia and Russia. b. treaty that partitioned Poland among the great powers. c. pledge by Russia to help Italy get rid of the Carbonari. d. pact between Austria, Russia, and Prussia to aid one another to suppress revolution
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D
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Most early nineteenth-century liberals advocated: Select one: a. direct representation for those men who owned property. b. universal manhood suffrage. c. state intervention in the economy. d. the enfranchisement of all slaves.
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A
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For the most part, the June Days of 1848 were caused: Select one: a. when the French government ended the National Workshops program. b. by Chartist agitation in Paris. c. by the abdication of Louis Philippe. d. by the Communist Manifesto of Marx and Engels.
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A
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The Romantic historian who suggested that each culture had to express its own unique historical character, or Volksgeist, was: Select one: a. François Chateaubriand. b. Friedrich Schiller. c. Sir Walter Scott. d. Johann von Herder.
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D
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As a result of the Congress of Vienna, Poland: Select one: a. was left as it was in 1795. b. became an independent nation. c. joined the Quadruple Alliance with Britain, Austria, and Prussia. d. became a nominally independent kingdom ruled by Tsar Alexander
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D
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The conservatives of the early nineteenth century Select one: a. believed that the people were the best protectors of their own rights. b. thought that the middle class should be empowered to participate in government. c. were sure that monarchy was the best guarantee for political stability. d. tried not to be involved in politics at all.
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C
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In response to the Decembrists, Tsar Nicholas I Select one: a. granted freedoms to the Russian people to alleviate their complaints. b. established a powerful police force to prevent domestic disorder c. promoted Alexander Herzen to Minister of Justice to oversee the court system d. abdicated the throne in favor of his more liberal brother.
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B
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German unification was completed following the: Select one: a. Seven Weeks' War. b. Franco-Prussian War. c. deliberations of the Frankfurt Assembly. d. Danish War.
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B
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As a result of the Crimean War: Select one: a. Moldavia and Walachia were united as Romania. b. Austria and Russia were strengthened. c. Russian influence in the Balkans was weakened. d. both A and C
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D
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Florence Nightingale gained fame: Select one: a. as the first reporter in the Crimea to report British military incompetence. b. for her success nursing British soldiers during the Crimean War. c. for being the first women to attend Oxford. d. for leading the "charge of the light brigade."
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B
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Up until the 1870s about ______ of the Cuban population were slaves. Select one: a. 20 percent b. 30 percent c. 40 percent d. 50 percent
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C
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Reforms enacted by a Hungarian diet during the revolutions of 1848: Select one: a. abolished serfdom, ended noble privilege, and established freedom of the press and religion. b. were criticized by Hungarian peasants. Jewish communities, and women. c. were hailed by Croats, Serbs, and Romanians living in Hungary. d. none of the above
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A
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The Jeffersonian vision of the American republic rested upon: Select one: a. skilled workers. b. the yeoman farmer. c. manufacturers. d. both A and C
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B
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If any one word described Otto Von Bismarck, that word would be: Select one: a. nationalist. b. liberal. c. Prussian. d. conservative.
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C
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The foundations of the American nation-state were laid by: Select one: a. Thomas Jefferson. b. the Monroe Doctrine. c. the Civil War. d. the Mexican-American War.
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C
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Under Napoleon III: Select one: a. the Crédit Mobilier was abolished. b. it became illegal to join a trade union or to strike. c. new limited liability laws were passed to spur economic growth. d. France signed a free trade treaty with Prussia
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C
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The final steps in Italy's unification came: Select one: a. when Russia started the Crimean War and Piedmont joined the winning coalition against Russia. b. during the Austro-Prussian War, when Venetia was absorbed into the Italian kingdom. c. when Sicily voted to join the mainland and the Italian nation. d. when Britain and France convinced Austria to grant independence to northern Italy.
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B
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Which of the following did the Second Reform Bill of 1867 not accomplish? Select one: a. doubled the franchise b. enfranchised skilled workers in urban areas c. enfranchised women who owned property and paid poor rates in excess of ÂŁ10 per year d. the redistribution of seats, favoring the north over the south
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C
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The Hungarian nationalist, Lajos Kossuth: Select one: a. sought independence and a separate Hungarian parliament. b. worked diligently to close the Diets. c. was a working-class socialist journalist. d. sought political change through education and trade unions
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A
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Young Italy, a society founded by Giuseppi Mazzini: Select one: a. was pro-Austrian. b. worked in concert with Cavour. c. was in favor of constitutional reforms and dedicated to Italian unification. d. was a socialist organization dedicated to worldwide revolution
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C
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The Frankfurt Assembly: Select one: a. solved the problem of German nationality. b. drafted a constitution for a unified, conservative Germany. c. accepted the "Great German" proposal. d. moved toward the "Small German" solution
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D
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The author of the classic text on liberalism, On Liberty (1859), was: Select one: a. Benjamin Disraeli. b. John Stuart Mill. c. Harriet Taylor. d. Charles Albert.
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B
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The Louisiana Purchase took place during the administration of: Select one: a. James Madison. b. Andrew Jackson. c. Thomas Jefferson. d. John Quincy Adams
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C
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The German Confederation: Select one: a. did not include Austria and Prussia. b. included non-German territories in Poland and Hungary. c. was a loose organization of thirty-nine states. d. had real executive power.
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C
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Following the Napoleonic Wars, how did Prussia reform the state? Select one: a. Military officers were promoted on the basis of merit alone. b. Serfdom and the estate system were abolished. c. The middle classes were encouraged to take an active role in the civil service. d. all of the above
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D
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According to the principles behind the Dual Monarchy: Select one: a. Francis Joseph served as emperor of Austria and king of Hungary. b. Austria-Hungary would have a common system of taxation and a common army. c. internal and constitutional issues were separated. d. all of the above
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D
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The first target of Bismarck's aggressive foreign policy was: Select one: a. France, because of a dispute over Alsace-Lorraine. b. Austria, because of a dispute over Silesia. c. Denmark, because of a dispute over Schleswig-Holstein. d. Russia, because of a dispute over Poland.
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C
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The "labor aristocrats" of mid-nineteenth century Britain: Select one: a. received the backing of Conservatives such as Disraeli for some of their reforms. b. saw little use in education as a tool to achieve reform. c. continued the tradition of militant radicalism of the "Hungry Forties." d. All of the above.
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A
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The emancipation of the Russian serfs in 1861: Select one: a. produced sweeping changes in the lives of the peasantry. b. led to the decline of the village commune. c. did not require compensation to be paid to landowners for property they lost. d. granted legal rights to 22 million serfs.
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D
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Russian "Slavophiles" and "Westernizers" both agreed that: Select one: a. the middle classes were the key to the future. b. serfdom must be abolished. c. Russian rural life had to be transformed. d. all of the above
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B
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Cavour prepared for the first conflict between Italy and Austria by diplomatic arrangements with: Select one: a. France. b. Russia. c. Britain. d. Prussia.
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A
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Which ethnic and language group did not play a role in the Austrian empire? Select one: a. Czech b. Magyar c. French d. German
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C
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A direct link between Britain, British India, and China was established by trade in: Select one: a. coffee. b. spices. c. opium. d. sugar
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C
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The conflict in which radical Christian rebels challenged the authority of the Chinese emperor was called the: Select one: a. Sepoy Rebellion. b. Nanking Revolt. c. Boxer Rebellion. d. Taiping Rebellion
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D
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The Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was ferociously repressed by the forces of: Select one: a. the United States. b. Britain, France, and Italy. c. Japan, Russia, and Germany. d. all of the above
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D
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By 1902, what percentage of Africa had succumbed to the European "Scramble for Africa"? Select one: a. 11 percent b. 30 percent c. 50 percent d. 90 percent
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D
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The London Pan-African Congress of 1900: Select one: a. was funded and organized by the British government. b. grew out of an international tradition of anti-slavery movements. c. decided that slavery was not incompatible with European imperialist endeavors. d. never met.
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B
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Which of the following did not embrace "scientific racism"? Select one: a. Arthur de Gobineau b. Francis Galton c. John Stuart Mill d. Houston Stewart Chamberlain
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C
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The building of the Suez Canal resulted from the economic and political involvement in Egypt of: Select one: a. France and Italy. b. Russia and France. c. Britain and France. d. Britain.
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C
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In the early nineteenth century, the subcontinent of India was under the control of: Select one: a. the British government. b. the British East India Company. c. Queen Victoria. d. the Rajputs
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B
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The primary issue at stake during the first Opium War was: Select one: a. that smoking opium had become popular among Chinese students and laborers. b. the revocation of the Treaty of Nanking. c. the return of Hong Kong to China. d. the Europeans' "rights" to trade with whomever they pleased
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D
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After the French made Algeria a department: Select one: a. all French settlers were given full rights of citizenship. b. the suffrage was given to all male residents. c. settlers began to civilize indigenous peoples. d. none of the above
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A
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Which country took control of the Congo in 1908? Select one: a. France b. Britain c. Belgium d. Portugal
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C
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The crisis at Fashoda in 1898, involved the: Select one: a. British and French. b. British and Germans. c. British and Egyptians. d. French and Algerians
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A
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According to Arthur Gobineau, what was the key to understanding the problems of the modern world? Select one: a. politics b. morality c. slavery d. race
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D
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Which European nation sent an army to conquer Ethiopia in 1896? Select one: a. Italy b. Britain c. France d. Belgium
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A
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Following the Spanish-American War, the United States did all of the following except: Select one: a. annexed Puerto Rico. b. fought a short war against Philippine rebels. c. annexed Cuba. d. established a "protectorate" over Cuba
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A
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Following the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-58, the British in India: Select one: a. reorganized relations between soldiers. b. opened up positions in the civil service to members of the Indian upper class. c. brought the subcontinent under the direct control of the British crown. d. all of the above
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D
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British aspirations in Africa were fashioned primarily by: Select one: a. Cecil Rhodes. b. Rudyard Kipling. c. Joseph Chamberlain. d. Joseph Conrad.
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A
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During the Boer War, the British first instituted: Select one: a. firing squads. b. concentration camps. c. barbed wire. d. none of the above
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B
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In general, late nineteenth-century imperialism: Select one: a. involved complete independent entrepreneurial activity by merchants and traders. b. was built entirely on trade in opium. c. gave rise to new patterns of settlement and social discipline. d. was very little different from the imperialism of the past
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C
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Under Jules Ferry, the French acquired territory in: Select one: a. Tunisia. b. Laos and Cambodia. c. northern and central Vietnam. d. all of the above
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D
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Hobson and Lenin maintained that: Select one: a. the imperialistic enterprise was rooted in greed and arrogance. b. founding the imperialistic enterprise was the "civilizing mission" of white Europeans. c. international rivalries fueled the belief that national interests were at stake. d. a race for territories was inspired by visions of military conquest.
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A
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One of the richest opium-growing areas of the world is located in: Select one: a. eastern China. b. Sumatra. c. Japan. d. northeastern India.
answer
D
question
In 1904, the Russian navy was defeated by: Select one: a. Germany. b. France. c. Japan. d. Britain.
answer
C
question
The "white man's burden" was a notorious concept popularized by: Select one: a. Rudyard Kipling. b. Karl Pearson. c. Cecil Rhodes. d. Joseph Chamberlain
answer
A
question
Under Bismarck, Germany entered the "Scramble for Africa" for what reason? Select one: a. to pressure other colonial powers to expand their holdings b. to prevent Britain or France from dominating Africa and to maintain Germany's position as a great power c. to maintain favorable public opinion d. to obtain vast amounts of cocoa, rubber, and oil
answer
B
question
The Paris Commune of 1871: Select one: a. proved to Karl Marx that insurrectionary movements were always successful. b. never became a class war. c. refused to surrender to the Germans and organized their own government. d. negotiated the terms of an armistice with Germany.
answer
c
question
Bismarck's program of social legislation included all but which of the following? Select one: a. workers' old age pensions b. rigorous factory inspections c. limiting the hours of work for women and children d. unemployment insurance
answer
D
question
Which of the following painters did not belong to the Expressionist school? Select one: a. Egon Schiele b. Claude Monet c. Emil Nolde d. Edvard Munch
answer
B
question
Charles Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) was written in order to: Select one: a. prove that God did not exist. b. show that the world was governed not by order and divine will but by random chance and struggle. c. argue that Victorian Britain would survive because it was the most fit to do so. d. all of the above
answer
B
question
Bismarck instituted what is known as Kulturkampf: Select one: a. in order to pass laws favorable to Catholics. b. in an effort to bolster support for the Catholic Center party. c. because he wished to unleash an anti-Catholic campaign in Prussia. d. because he was pressured to do so by Kaiser William I.
answer
C
question
Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone: Select one: a. were both liberal members of Parliament. b. offered moderate programs that appealed to a widened electorate. c. led the Conservative and Liberal parties, respectively, in the late nineteenth century. d. helped to create an independent Labour Party in 1901.
answer
C
question
In 1908 nationalists in the Ottoman Empire known as "Young Turks" forced the sultan to: Select one: a. declare war on Russia. b. invade and recapture Bulgaria. c. ally with Britain and France. d. establish a constitutional government
answer
D
question
Which nation had the greatest extent of "invisible exports" before 1914? Select one: a. Britain b. France c. the United States d. Germany
answer
A
question
Nicholas II issued the "October Manifesto": Select one: a. in order to deprive the Duma of its principal powers. b. as a measure meant to counter the liberal reforms of Alexander III. c. as a sign that he was aware that fundamental reforms were needed. d. as a result of the Revolution of 1905.
answer
D
question
The Russian Mensheviks: Select one: a. were loyal followers of Lenin. b. were reluctant to depart from Marxist orthodoxy. c. insisted that rapid industrialization meant they did not have to follow Marx's model. d. set forth their ideas in the revolutionary pamphlet, What Is to Be Done?
answer
B
question
The Women's Social and Political Union was founded in 1903: Select one: a. by Millicent Fawcett. b. and adopted tactics of militancy and civil disobedience. c. by Emily Wilding Davison. d. and became a non-violent organization dedicated to gradual reform.
answer
B
question
The late nineteenth-century thinker who ridiculed bourgeois faith in science, progress, democracy, and religion was: Select one: a. Friedrich Nietzsche. b. Charles Peirce. c. William James. d. Sigmund Freud.
answer
A
question
The "Syllabus of Errors," issued by Pope Pious IX in 1864, condemned all of the following except: Select one: a. materialism. b. "indifferentism." c. bigotry and prejudice. d. free thought.
answer
C
question
The German socialist, Eduard Bernstein: Select one: a. called for mass strikes necessary to launch a widespread proletarian revolution. b. won a majority of votes in domestic and international congresses. c. challenged Marxist doctrine and called for a shift to moderate reform. d. all of the above
answer
C
question
Germany was particularly receptive to social democracy because of which key factor? Select one: a. a lengthy and profound tradition of liberal reform b. a large urban working class c. a national government sympathetic to organized labor d. the slow and erratic development of industry
answer
B
question
The school of psychology known as behaviorism was founded by Pavlov and: Select one: a. suggested that the unconscious mind was the source of irrational behavior. b. fed a growing anxiety about the value and limits of human reason. c. argued that human activity was a physiological response to stimuli in the environment. d. dealt with the undisciplined human desire for pleasure, sexual gratification, and aggression.
answer
C
question
Which industry was not at the core of the Second Industrial Revolution? Select one: a. steel b. iron c. electricity d. chemicals
answer
B
question
Social Darwinism was used to justify all of the following except: Select one: a. socialism and communism. b. a natural order of rich and poor. c. nationalism. d. racial hierarchy and white superiority.
answer
A
question
The nineteenth-century thinker who first used the expression "survival of the fittest" was: Select one: a. Charles Darwin. b. Karl Marx. c. Thomas Malthus. d. Herbert Spencer.
answer
D
question
One of the important legacies the Impressionists left to the European avant garde was: Select one: a. to organize their own independent exhibitions. b. a call for young painters to experiment more freely. c. the idea that art ought to be a mirror or window on the world. d. both A and B
answer
D
question
Between 1875 and 1905 Marxist socialists founded political parties in all of the following countries except: Select one: a. France. b. Spain. c. Germany. d. Russia
answer
B
question
One of the key characteristics of modernism was: Select one: a. its argument that the world had changed significantly and change itself should be embraced. b. its complete adoption of Renaissance artistic forms. c. its acceptance of middle-class moral and cultural values. d. that it described developments in painting only
answer
A
question
The most important radical political group in late nineteenth-century Russia was the: Select one: a. Decembrists. b. Mensheviks. c. Bolsheviks. d. Populists.
answer
D
question
Alexander II, the "Tsar Liberator": Select one: a. was assassinated in 1881. b. granted a democratic constitution to the Russian people c. promoted freedom of the press. d. all of the above
answer
A
question
With the rise and development of the modern corporation: Select one: a. control tended to shift from family members to distant bankers and financiers. b. came a demand for technical expertise. c. middle-class salaried managers became essential. d. all of the above
answer
D
question
The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion: Select one: a. was a book forged by the Russian secret police detailing an imagined Jewish plot to dominate the world. b. outlined Theodor Herzl's ideas about building a separate Jewish homeland. c. contained Ădouard Drumont's defense of Alfred Dreyfus. d. argued that Jewish people ought to be assimilated into Western liberal culture
answer
A
question
Which nations became leaders in the chemical industry during the early stages of the second industrial revolution? Select one: a. the United States and France b. Britain and Germany c. Britain and the United States d. Bulgaria and Germany
answer
B
question
Cartels were generally more easily organized in which industries? Select one: a. coal, oil, and steel b. rubber, sugar, and lumber c. glass, wool, and silk d. electrical power, gasoline, and railroads
answer
A
question
The Dreyfus Affair: Select one: a. was an enormous public scandal for the French government. b. created modern anti-Semitism. c. was the result of one of Zola's anti-Semitic novels. d. was caused by the murder of Ădouard Drumont by a Jewish merchant
answer
A
question
In general, the "new unionism": Select one: a. stressed organization across entire industries. b. failed to bring unskilled workers into its ranks. c. never resulted in nationwide entities and instead remained in local affairs. d. did not make any effort to negotiate wages or conditions.
answer
A
