Hist 2020 Chapter 19 Answers – Flashcards
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Which of the following factors contributed significantly to the astonishing growth in America's urban population between 1870 and 1900?
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The migration of people from the rural areas of Europe and the United States
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Which of the following describes the world economy at the turn of the twentieth century?
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An industrial core, an agricultural domain, and a third world tied to the industrial core by economic colonialism
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What circumstances enabled U.S. industrialists to hire cheap labor from around the world in the 1870s?
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Railroad expansion and low steamship fares brought many immigrants to America
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After 1880, most new immigrants to America originated from
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eastern and southern Europe.
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Which of the following describes the majority of immigrants' lifestyles in the United States after 1900?
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They lived in cities because jobs were available there and because they did not have the money to buy land
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How did the process of mechanization affect U.S. industrialists' hiring and employment practices in the late nineteenth century?
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It allowed industrialists to replace skilled laborers with lower-paid, unskilled immigrant laborers
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The racism directed at ethnic immigrant groups in America in the late nineteenth century
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was the product of the perception that ethnic and religious differences were racial characteristics.
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Some established immigrant groups viewed more recent immigrants as
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not being a part of the white race.
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In late-nineteenth-century American cities,
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Asian immigrants on the West Coast were made economic scapegoats.
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Congress approved a literacy test for immigrants in 1896
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as a means of limiting the influx of uneducated people into the country.
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As middle- and upper-class urbanites moved to new areas of their cities, poor city dwellers
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stayed in the neighborhoods near the factories where they worked.
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What did Jacob Riis achieve with his best-selling How the Other Half Lives (1890)?
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He forced middle-class Americans to acknowledge the degraded reality of the poor.
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Which group constituted the backbone of the American labor force throughout the nineteenth century?
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Common laborers
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Working as a skilled craftsman in America in the late nineteenth century
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did not ensure financial security
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Employers sought to limit the control of skilled workers on the shop floor in the late nineteenth century
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by replacing people with machines
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Which of the following developments changed the U.S. garment industry in the 1850s?
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Independent tailors were replaced by sweatshop workers.
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Which of the following describes the economic survival of the nineteenth-century American working-class family?
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A family's survival depended on the employment of every family member.
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How did the percentage of children under age fifteen working in the paid labor force in the United States change during the years leading up to World War I?
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The percentage of children working increased decade by decade.
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How did business expansion and consolidation affect the social structure in the late nineteenth century United States?
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a new class of white men salaried managers emerged
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The direction of corporate goals and policies in the late nineteenth century was increasingly shaped by
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managers and executives
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The advent of the adding machine, typewriter, and cash register had the greatest impact on
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literate white women
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Most white native-born women who worked at the end of the nineteenth century held
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clerical jobs in offices
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What developed as a result of the opening of department stores in the late nineteenth century United States?
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a new consumer culture
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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was
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a spontaneous and unorganized event
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What was the main lesson learned by workers from the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
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They lacked power individually, but might gain it through a union
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The Knights of Labor was
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the first mass organization for American workers
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During the 1880s, the Knights of Labor advocated for
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public ownership of the railroads, an income tax, and equal pay for women.
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Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor,
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fought for higher pay and better working conditions for skilled labor.
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The Haymarket affair of 1886
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began as a rally of laborers organized by radicals.
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Which of the following was an outcome of the Haymarket affair?
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Skilled workers turned toward the American Federation of Labor.
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Throughout much of the nineteenth century, middle-class American women were confined by a cultural ideology that dictated that they
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exist within the private sphere of the household.
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Working-class courtship rituals in urban, industrial America in the late nineteenth century
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consisted of informal meetings at dance halls and other commercial settings
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Beginning in the 1870s, American men of all classes were united in their passion for
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baseball
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What occurrence facilitated the emergence of the modern skyscraper emerged in the 1890s?
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the advent of structural steel
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The "Chicago school" of the late nineteenth century was
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a skilled group of architects who made commercial architecture a new art form.
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The public school system in American cities provided
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free tuition and open access to all school-aged children
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Which of the following describes the advantages of American city life in the 1890s?
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The amenities were not easily available to the poor residents of cities.
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In the post-Civil War United States, a "city boss" was
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a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents.
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By the turn of the twentieth century, most big-city governments were run
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by compromise and the accommodation of various powerful political forces.
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How did Detroit's reform mayor Hazen Pingree achieve political success in the 1890s?
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He followed the city bosses' model of providing public works and social reform.
