question

America's Good Neighbor policy:

answer

supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America

question

American foreign policy in Latin America in the period between world wars included all the following EXCEPT:

answer

insisting that the Monroe Doctrine provided a valid justification for intervention

question

The Great Depression and the economic struggles it caused during the early 1930s generally made Americans:

answer

more isolationist in sentiment

question

President Roosevelt did not intervene in the Spanish Civil War because:

answer

he accepted the French and British position that the western democracies should not intervene

question

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s?

answer

Both had established fascist forms of government.

question

The Marco Polo Bridge incident brought Japan to war against what country?

answer

China

question

During the Spanish Civil War:

answer

Hitler and Mussolini helped the armed uprising led by Francisco Franco

question

Winston Churchill, who would become the British prime minister in 1940, described which agreement as "a defeat without a war"?

answer

Munich Pact

question

The Nye committee:

answer

investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into World War I

question

The Neutrality Act of 1935:

answer

forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

question

The Panay incident:

answer

was a Japanese attack on an American ship in China

question

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia had what effect on Roosevelt?

answer

He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle.

question

Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe?

answer

Poland

question

The 1939 Neutrality Act's cash-and-carry provision:

answer

permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships

question

All of the following statements about the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940 are true, EXCEPT:

answer

Germany carefully avoided attacks on neutral nations and only targeted professed enemies

question

In 1940, the Battle of Britain:

answer

saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

question

In late summer 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty "overaged" destroyers to Britain in return for:

answer

for allowing the U.S. to build naval and air bases on British islands in the Caribbean

question

Members of the America First Committee were likely to be all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

supporters of Roosevelt's foreign policy

question

Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true?

answer

Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term.

question

Franklin Roosevelt's opponent in the 1940 presidential election was:

answer

Wendell Willkie

question

Through the lend-lease bill, passed in March 1934, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States":

answer

could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items

question

The passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion?

answer

Isolationist strength was weakening.

question

The offensives Italy launched in 1940 against Greece and British forces in Egypt:

answer

came with the help of German forces

question

Which of the following countries was NOT an Axis power by June 1941?

answer

the Soviet Union

question

In June 1941, Germany widened the war by:

answer

invading the Soviet Union

question

The Atlantic Charter:

answer

was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims

question

The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT:

answer

the elimination of communism

question

By the autumn of 1941:

answer

the U.S. Navy was engaging the German Navy in the Atlantic

question

During the summer of 1941, the United States attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by:

answer

restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States

question

By November 1941, the United States insisted it would reopen trade with Japan only after that country:

answer

withdrew completely from China

question

What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific during 1940-1941?

answer

the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed oil, rubber, and other strategic materials

question

Which of the following statements about the attack on Pearl Harbor is NOT true?

answer

A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials.

question

From late 1941 into early 1942, World War II in the Pacific included:

answer

a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall

question

Following the Pearl Harbor attack:

answer

Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States

question

Which agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production?

answer

War Production Board

question

Following the declaration of war:

answer

men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted

question

The Office of Price Administration:

answer

set price ceilings on and rationed highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline

question

The bracero program:

answer

brought some 200,000 Mexican farmworkers into the western United States

question

Which statement best describes the Native American experience in the armed forces during World War II?

answer

Indian servicemen were integrated into regular units.

question

"War relocation camps":

answer

housed over 112,000 Japanese Americans during the war

question

British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive:

answer

in North Africa

question

In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was:

answer

German submarine warfare

question

In the presidential election of 1944:

answer

Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president

question

At the Battle of the Bulge:

answer

the destruction of Germany's last reserve units left open the door to Germany's heartland from the west

question

Less than a month before the surrender of Germany:

answer

President Roosevelt died in office

question

Following the defeat of Germany:

answer

came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust

question

The use of atomic bombs against Japan had what significance?

answer

They shocked Germany into surrendering before facing the same fate.

question

The Potsdam Declaration:

answer

accepted the Japanese surrender and allowed the emperor to remain on the throne "subordinate to the authority of the Allied occupation"

question

The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was:

answer

the Soviet Union

question

Following the conclusion of World War II, the two most powerful nations in the world were:

answer

the United States and the Soviet Union

question

All of the following are true of Harry Truman EXCEPT that he:

answer

had an Ivy League education

question

One of Truman's great strengths as he assumed the presidency was his:

answer

decisive character

question

On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intention to:

answer

enlarge the New Deal

question

The GI Bill did all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military

question

A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was:

answer

high rates of inflation

question

When confronted with strikes in the coal and railroad industries in 1946, President Truman's response was to:

answer

temporarily seize those industries

question

The 1946 congressional elections resulted in:

answer

Republican control of Congress

question

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947:

answer

allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes

question

All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT:

answer

the Department of Homeland Security

question

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council:

answer

can veto any major proposal

question

The conventional, or "orthodox," view of cold war history holds whom or what most responsible for beginning this conflict?

answer

Stalin's quest for world domination

question

By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in:

answer

Eastern Europe

question

The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe:

answer

proved to be meaningless

question

As a result of the Truman Doctrine:

answer

Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism

question

State Department official George Kennan:

answer

said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies

question

All of the following were original NATO members EXCEPT:

answer

Japan

question

Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to:

answer

gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean

question

The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was:

answer

George Marshall

question

Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:

answer

launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin

question

In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States:

answer

became the first country to recognize the Jewish state

question

One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the:

answer

racist nature of the enemies of the United States

question

In 1948, President Truman desegregated:

answer

the military

question

Baseball was integrated in 1947 when Jackie Robinson played for the:

answer

Brooklyn Dodgers

question

The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over:

answer

China

question

As the 1948 election approached:

answer

Truman seemed to be in deep political trouble

question

During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

abolishing Social Security

question

At the 1948 Democratic convention, Minneapolis mayor Hubert Humphrey urged his party to:

answer

adopt a strong civil rights plank

question

In the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

influence Truman to slow down on civil rights

question

The 1948 election is probably best remembered for:

answer

Truman's upset victory

question

Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for:

answer

moderate liberalism

question

By and large, Truman's Fair Deal proposals:

answer

were thwarted by a conservative coalition in Congress

question

The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to:

answer

order the development of a hydrogen bomb

question

With the end of World War II, Korea:

answer

became divided into northern and southern halves

question

When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded:

answer

that Stalin and the Soviets were behind it

question

When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:

answer

the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors

question

Inch'ŏn was the site:

answer

where General MacArthur turned the war around with an amphibious landing

question

UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:

answer

a massive Chinese intervention

question

Truman fired MacArthur:

answer

for insubordination

question

The Korean War did all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

bring about major changes in boundaries

question

In 1947, President Truman took actions to banish Communists from:

answer

the federal government

question

The Hiss-Chambers case:

answer

resulted in Hiss's being convicted of lying about espionage

question

The person who benefited most from the outcome of the Hiss-Chambers case was:

answer

Richard Nixon

question

In his Wheeling speech, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of Communists in:

answer

the State Department

question

Senator McCarthy was very effective in:

answer

exploiting public fears

question

President Truman vetoed the McCarran Internal Security Act:

answer

because he felt it promoted thought control

question

In retrospect, the cold war was probably:

answer

inevitable

question

In the Truman years, the United States abandoned a longtime tradition with its involvement in:

answer

peacetime alliances

question

The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by:

answer

cold war-related military spending

question

After the war, Americans were most eager to:

answer

purchase

question

Two decades after 1940:

answer

life expectancy for nonwhites rose ten years and black wage earnings increased fourfold

question

During the 1950s, the income gap between whites and blacks:

answer

widened

question

Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership:

answer

significantly increased

question

All of the following increased through the postwar years EXCEPT:

answer

family savings

question

A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:

answer

prevent the return of the Depression

question

Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?

answer

Its huge cost did not justify its benefits.

question

While college enrollments soared in the postwar period:

answer

black veterans encountered barriers to entrance

question

The baby boom:

answer

started in 1946

question

The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in:

answer

the sunbelt

question

The location of William Levitt's first suburban development was:

answer

Long Island

question

Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

new construction of mass public transportation

question

The phenomenon of "white flight" in the 1950s:

answer

was a major cause of the growth of the suburbs

question

Most blacks who moved to Chicago were fleeing terrible poverty in:

answer

the rural South

question

Blacks who moved to northern cities found:

answer

new problems and forms of exploitation

question

By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing:

answer

uniformity

question

By the mid-1950s, most workers:

answer

were white collar

question

In the postwar era, the trend in the corporate sector was toward:

answer

consolidation and concentration

question

Many critics of American life in the 1950s believed that middle-class society suffered from:

answer

excessive conformity

question

Life magazine's ideal woman of the mid-1950s was:

answer

a white suburban housewife

question

Newsweek magazine discouraged women from even attending college when it proclaimed that:

answer

"books and babies don't mix"

question

By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans:

answer

belonged to a church

question

One sign of the times came in 1954 when Congress added the words "under God" to:

answer

the Pledge of Allegiance

question

One major reason for religion's growing appeal in the 1950s was:

answer

the desire to combat godless communism

question

The Reverend Norman Vincent Peale emphasized:

answer

faith, enthusiasm, and joy

question

In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the:

answer

persistence of poverty

question

In The Crack in the Picture Window, John Keats described suburban life as:

answer

"homogeneous, postwar Hell"

question

During the 1950s, novelist John Updike observed:

answer

he and other writers felt estranged "from a government that extolled business and mediocrity"

question

The African American writer who explored the theme of social alienation in Invisible Man was:

answer

Ralph Ellison

question

Jackson Pollock pioneered the style of painting known as:

answer

abstract expressionism

question

Elvis Presley's recordings:

answer

blended a variety of musical styles

question

Elvis was especially controversial because of his:

answer

suggestive gyrations on stage

question

Before becoming president, Eisenhower was most shaped by his experience in:

answer

the military

question

In regard to New Deal programs, Eisenhower:

answer

retained most and even expanded some of them

question

Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:

answer

the U.S. Army

question

In regard to the Rosenbergs, who had been convicted of atomic espionage, President Eisenhower:

answer

refused to halt their executions

question

In the Brown decision, the Supreme Court:

answer

struck down "separate but equal" in public education

question

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles could be viewed as a sixteenth-century religious zealot in that he:

answer

divided the world into forces of good and evil

question

Dulles's policy of "brinksmanship" involved:

answer

averting war through the threat of nuclear force

question

Since the nineteenth century, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been ruled by:

answer

France

question

The First Indochina War ended when the French suffered a major defeat at:

answer

Dien Bien Phu

question

Adlai E. Stevenson was:

answer

Eisenhower's opponent for president in both 1952 and 1956

question

Richard Nixon:

answer

had a reputation for hard-line anticommunism and rough campaign tactics

question

John F. Kennedy was careful to conceal from the public during the 1960 campaign his:

answer

personal health

question

In the 1960 presidential race, John F. Kennedy:

answer

promised to get the country "moving again"

question

President Kennedy's cabinet was dominated by:

answer

men with new ideas and fresh thinking

question

Kennedy's inauguration is best remembered for:

answer

his elegant and inspiring rhetoric

question

Early in his presidency, Kennedy accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

the passage of a large tax cut

question

In its controversial Miranda v. Arizona decision, the Warren Court:

answer

required that an accused person be informed of certain basic rights

question

The protest tactic initiated by black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, was:

answer

the sit-in

question

Student civil rights activists in the South would likely experience all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Kennedy's public encouragement

question

Violence erupted in 1962 when James Meredith attempted to integrate:

answer

the University of Mississippi

question

In his Letter from Birmingham City Jail, Martin Luther King:

answer

declared his willingness to break unjust laws

question

When Alabama governor George Wallace was ordered by federal marshals to stand aside from the doorway at the University of Alabama so that black students could enter, Wallace:

answer

stood aside

question

The Bay of Pigs invasion:

answer

was thoroughly bungled by the CIA

question

In 1961, Khrushchev escalated tensions over Berlin by:

answer

erecting the Berlin Wall

question

The major purpose of the Soviet missiles placed in Cuba was to:

answer

deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba

question

All of the following are true of the Kennedy assassination EXCEPT:

answer

the Warren Commission concluded there may have been multiple gunmen

question

The Cuban missile crisis:

answer

brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war

question

The Cuban missile crisis led to all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a U.S.-Soviet agreement to scrap nuclear weapons

question

Tensions escalated in Southeast Asia by 1961 with increasing Communist influence in:

answer

Laos

question

In South Vietnam in the early 1960s:

answer

Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers

question

The strongest and most visible opposition to Diem's government was led by:

answer

Buddhists

question

President Johnson's first priority on the domestic front was to:

answer

get Kennedy's legislative program through Congress

question

The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission was created by the:

answer

Civil Rights Act of 1964

question

The purpose of Kennedy's proposed tax cut was to:

answer

help the economy by stimulating consumer spending

question

President Johnson labeled his overall program of domestic reform the:

answer

Great Society

question

In the 1964 campaign, Republican nominee Barry Goldwater:

answer

offered a sharply conservative alternative to Johnson's policies

question

Johnson's Medicare program provided medical benefits to:

answer

those over age sixty-five

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1964:

answer

outlawed segregation in public facilities

question

The legislation passed by Congress at Johnson's urging in 1965 included all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

government guarantee of full employment

question

Changes in immigration law in 1965:

answer

removed quotas based upon national origin

question

In retrospect, Johnson's war on poverty:

answer

generated middle-class resentment that benefited the Republicans

question

The Voting Rights Act of 1965:

answer

dramatically expanded black votes in the South

question

Beginning with Watts, the major race riots of 1965 and 1966:

answer

occurred largely outside the South

question

By 1966, black leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown were proponents of what they termed:

answer

black power

question

Malcolm X:

answer

said blacks should be proud of their African heritage

question

One of Johnson's major goals in Vietnam was to:

answer

avoid losing it to communism

question

The Tonkin Gulf resolution:

answer

was used by Johnson as a substitute for a declaration of war

question

The Tet offensive of early 1968:

answer

dramatically affected public support for Johnson's war policy

question

In early 1968, increasing opposition to the war within his own party:

answer

ultimately forced Johnson out of the presidential race

question

On June 5, 1968, Sirhan Sirhan shot and killed:

answer

Robert Kennedy

question

The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago:

answer

resulted in massive rioting in the streets

question

All of the following are true of the 1968 presidential election EXCEPT:

answer

Hubert Humphrey lost because he refused to alter Johnson's Vietnam policies

question

In 1964, the University of California at Berkeley:

answer

was the site of a free-speech movement (FSM)

question

Young men were able to avoid service in Vietnam by all of the following methods EXCEPT:

answer

joining VISTA or the Peace Corps

question

By 1971, the New Left:

answer

had split into factions and largely self-destructed

question

The hippie movement ultimately:

answer

began to wane as counterculture had become counterproductive

question

Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique:

answer

explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women

question

The feminist movement suffered a setback with the:

answer

failure of the states to ratify the equal-rights amendment

question

The most important factor behind the sexual revolution of the 1960s was the:

answer

development of birth-control pills

question

By 2012, Hispanics:

answer

had become the country's largest minority

question

One major impetus behind the rise of a Native American rights movement was the:

answer

terrible levels of poverty that persisted in the Indian population

question

Indian activists ultimately discovered that their most effective tactic for bringing about change was:

answer

taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties

question

In its earliest years, the gay rights movement especially emphasized:

answer

the importance of gays "coming out"

question

The "silent majority":

answer

quietly approved of the social and cultural changes of the 1960s

question

The figure who most influenced Nixon's foreign policy was:

answer

Henry Kissinger

question

Nixon's "southern strategy" involved winning southern support by:

answer

capitalizing on their skepticism of federal social welfare programs

question

In the early 1970s, angry protests began to erupt in cities outside the South over:

answer

busing

question

The energy crisis of the early 1970s increased support for:

answer

environmentalism

question

Economists coined the term stagflation in the early 1970s to describe:

answer

a simultaneously stagnant economy with inflationary prices

question

To punish the United States for supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):

answer

threatened to cut off oil shipments to the United States

question

In 1971, in an effort to curb inflation, President Nixon:

answer

imposed a freeze on wages and prices

question

In regard to Vietnam policy, Nixon:

answer

insisted that he would pursue "peace with honor"

question

Vietnamization" involved:

answer

gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam

question

In April 1970, Nixon extended the war when he sent troops into:

answer

Cambodia

question

Shocking events at Kent State University involved:

answer

the killing of four students by the National Guard

question

The Pentagon Papers:

answer

revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy

question

The Nixon Doctrine implied a foreign policy that was shaped more by:

answer

the effort to reshape the world in our own image

question

Nixon's new relationship with China was made possible by:

answer

China's growing fear of the Soviet Union

question

Nixon's trip to the Soviet Union resulted in:

answer

U.S. wheat sales to the Soviets

question

The Vietnam settlement signed on January 27, 1973:

answer

was followed by massive bombings of North Vietnam a few months later

question

As the 1972 election approached, the biggest threat to Nixon's reelection seemed to be:

answer

George Wallace's potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans

question

On October 26, 1972, only a week before the U.S. presidential election, Kissinger announced:

answer

"Peace is at hand"

question

Senator George McGovern of South Dakota:

answer

was the democratic nominee for president in 1972

question

The burglars arrested at the Watergate apartment complex:

answer

had connections to the CIA and the Nixon campaign

question

Essential to breaking the Watergate case was the testimony before the Ervin committee of White House legal counsel:

answer

John Dean

question

The major motivation behind the Saturday Night Massacre was Nixon's desire to:

answer

avoid handing over the key White House tapes

question

A sad legacy of Watergate was:

answer

lasting damage to the image of the presidency

question

Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he:

answer

pardoned Nixon

question

During his presidency, Gerald Ford achieved a record for:

answer

vetoes

question

All of the following were consequences of the Vietnam War EXCEPT:

answer

Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy

question

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter Jr. represented:

answer

the new moderate wing of the Democratic party

question

Within a year after taking control of the South, the Vietnamese Communists were at war with the:

answer

Cambodian Communists

question

Nixon's Watergate-related resignation came with the revelation that he had:

answer

ordered a cover-up of the original Watergate break-in

question

Jimmy Carter's victory in the 1976 election was aided by all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

a huge voter turnout

HIST 1302 Chapter 28-32 – Flashcards

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