question

The fundamental strategic decision of WWII made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to

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concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back burner

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After the US entered WWII in 1941, the term "enemy aliens" referred to

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-Japanese living in the US -Italians living in the US -Germans living in the US (all of these)

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When the US entered WWII in Dec 1941

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a majority Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about

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African Americans did all of the following during WWII except

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fight in integrated combat units

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During WWII, most Americans economically experienced

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prosperity and a doubling of personal income

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Most of the money raised to finance WWII came through

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borrowing

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The first naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of

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the Coral Sea

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The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of

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Midway

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In waging war against Japan, the US relied mainly on a strategy of

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island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds

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Until spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of defeating Britain and winning the war was

answer

that German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping

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Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in the late 1942 at the Battle of_________, after which his fortunes gradually declined

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Stalingrad

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The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because

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the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a ground war in France

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The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was

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the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender

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The real impact of the Italian front on WWII may have been that it

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delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe

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Hitler's last-ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the Americans and British came in

answer

the Battle of the Bulge

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As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf

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Japan was finished as a naval power

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The Potsdam conference

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issued an ultimatum, to Japan to surrender or be destroyed

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The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that

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the Germans might acquire such a weapon first

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The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified by

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agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne

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Which of the following was NOT among the qualities of the American participation in WWII?

answer

A higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation

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The passage of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights) was partly motivated by

answer

fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans

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In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, the Truman administration did all of the following EXCEPT

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continue wartime wage and price controls

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One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was

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a vast expansion of the home owning middle class

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The prosperity of the postwar decades paved the way for all of the following social transformation EXCEPT

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the migration of people to the North

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The majority of the new jobs created in the postwar era went to

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women

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"Planned obsolescence" was a marketing tool invented in the postwar era that

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meant changing the design of goods frequently enough so that customers would replace older versions with newer ones

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The long economic boom from WWII to about 1970 was especially fueled by

answer

low energy costs

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Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and the 1960s rested on the underpinnings of

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colossal military budgets

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Much of the Sunbelt's new prosperity was based on its

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tremendous influx of money from the federal gov

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All of the following encouraged many post-1945 Americans to move the suburbs except

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development of fuel-efficient automoblies

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The continued growth of the suburbs led to

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an increase in urban poverty

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The refusal of the Federal Housing Authority to grant home loans to blacks contributed to

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driving many blacks into public housing

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In early 1945, the US was extremely eager to secure the Soviet Union's participation in the projected invasion of Japan because

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American casualties were expected to be high only if Americans were involved

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The crucial origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the US and the Soviet Unions over postwar arrangements in

answer

Eastern Europe

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Which of the following were NOT among the key decisions made by Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill at the Yalta Conference?

answer

The Soviets and Americans would militarily withdraw from Europe after a peace treaty was signed.

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Despite their political and strategic differences, the US and the Soviet Union strongly resembled one another in 1945 in that they

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had been largely isolated from world affairs and practiced ideological missionary

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One of the most significant structural differences between the old League of Nations and the new UN was the the UN

answer

gave a veto in the powerful Security Council to the five Great Powers

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The victorious WWII Allies quickly agreed that

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Nazism should be destroyed in Germany and high-ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes

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When the Soviet Union denied the US, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, Pres. Truman responded by

answer

organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berilin

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Under the Truman Doctrine, the US pledged to

answer

support those who were resisting subjugation by communists

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President Truman's Marshall Plan called for

answer

substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe

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The Marshall Plan succeeded in reviving Europe's economy and thwarting the large internal Communist parties threatening to take over

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Italy and France

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The US's participation in NATO

answer

marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism

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Postwar Japan

answer

had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany

question

Which of the following was NOT true of the Japanese gov installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?

answer

It joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia

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Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist gov lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because

answer

the US failed to pro give Jiang enough aid

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Republicans used the Communist victory in the Chinese civil war to claim that

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pro-Communist elements in the Truman administration had prevented Jiang Jieshi from winning

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In an effort to detect communists with the federal gov, President Harry Truman established the

answer

Loyalty Review Board

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In 1948, many southern Democrats split from their party to support Gov. J. Strom Thurmond because

answer

President Truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights

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NSC-68 called for

answer

a massive increase in military spending

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Which of the following was NOT true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?

answer

There were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry

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After WWII ended, most American women

answer

cared for their families and did not work outside the home

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The fundamental criticism directed against the new popular mass media culture in the 1950s, by such social critics as David Riesman and William H. Whyte, Jr., was the

answer

Americans had became affluent conformists unable to think for themselves

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In terms of politics, television did all of the following EXCEPT

answer

enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate

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Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by

answer

charging that dozens of known communists were working within the US Department

question

Senator McCarthy's anticommunist crusade ended when he

answer

attacked the US Army for allegedly sheltering communists

question

In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods EXCEPT

answer

appeals to foreign govs to pressure the US to establish racial justice

question

The epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

answer

declared that the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional

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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the

answer

sit-in movement launched by young southern blacks

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As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported

answer

putting the brakes on military spending

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The basic military strategy of Eisenhower's and Dulles's New Look foreign policy in the 1950s aimed at

answer

greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy

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In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the US under Dwight Eisenhower

answer

did nothing to help defeat the communists

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The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since WWI was

answer

Ho Chi Minh

question

In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953

answer

staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian gov and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator-like monarch

question

In 1956, the US condemned________as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.

answer

Britain and France

question

During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both

answer

Iran and Guatemala

question

In response to the launching of the Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957

answer

the federal gov began spending billions of dollars to improve American science and language education

question

The Paris summit conference, scheduled for 1960, collapsed because of the

answer

U-2 incident

question

By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the US had intensified because Washington had done all of the following EXCEPT

answer

provide encouragement to Fidel Castro's communist gov in Cuba

question

The factor that likely tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential elections of 1960 was

answer

his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon

question

When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through

answer

a tax cut

question

The essential purpose of President Kennedy's promise to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s was to

answer

restore American prestige in the space race damaged by the Soviets' Sputnik

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American military forces entered Vietnam in order to

answer

prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists

question

When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered

answer

a naval quarantine of that island

question

The Freedom Riders

answer

sought to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers

question

President John Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when they

answer

sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders

question

President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of

answer

the University of Mississippi

question

American and world public opinion turned strongly in favor of the civil rights movement when

answer

Martin Luther King's peaceful demonstrators were viciously attacked in Birmingham

question

During the 1963 March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, in which he proclaimed

answer

that his children would one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin

question

President Kennedy's alleged assassin was

answer

Lee Harvey Oswald

question

With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

answer

Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam

question

All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration EXCEPT

answer

the Peace Corps

question

The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the

answer

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

question

After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to

answer

secure the right to vote

question

The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized

answer

a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement

question

The militant African American leader who most directly challenged Martin Luther King, Jr.'s goal of peaceful integration was

answer

Malcolm X

question

Some advocates of Black Power made the movement the basis for

answer

emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism

question

By 1972, public schools in the South were

answer

integrated at higher rates than schools in the North

question

The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson sent 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged communist influence was

answer

the Dominican Republican

question

During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to

answer

spy on domestic antiwar protestors

question

The attempt to nominate an antiwar Democratic candidate for president in 1968 suffered a crippling blow when

answer

Senator Robert Kennedy was assassinated after winning the California primary

question

The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed

answer

a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall

question

Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the US should

answer

continue the war in pursuit of an honorable peace

question

Former vice president Richard Nixon essentially won the 1968 presidential election by

answer

exploiting Democratic divisions and appealing to moderately conservative law and order sentiment

question

One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was

answer

a drastic decline in worker productivity

question

Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and funding the Great Society without a tax increase to pay for them led to

answer

a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s

question

The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to

answer

the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice

question

Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

increased American troop commitments

question

The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of

answer

the least privileged young Americans

question

The_____Amendment________the voting age to_________

answer

Twenty-Sixth;lowered;eighteen

question

The top-secret Pentagon Papers, leaked and published in 1971

answer

exposed the deception that had led the US into the Vietnam War

question

Richard Nixon's policy of detente

answer

ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the US and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union

question

The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it engaged in covert operations to overthrow the elected leftist gov of

answer

Chile

question

The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Earl Warren, outraged religious conservatives in 1962-1963 when it

answer

ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public schools violated the First Amendment

question

Richard Nixon's legislation guaranteeing that Social Security raises would be indexed to guarantee against inflation

answer

actually contributed to increased inflation in the 1970s

question

The Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration aroused bitter opposition among many business people because

answer

they directly involved the federal gov in many aspects of business decision making

question

All of the following were created during Richard Nixon's presidency EXCEPT

answer

the Medicare program

question

To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon

answer

imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze

question

The 1973 War Powers Act

answer

required presidential reporting and congressional approval of extended troop commitments

question

America's strong support for Israel in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War led to

answer

an OPEC oil boycott of the US and a subsequent energy crisis and recession

question

The list of Nixon's illegal administration activities uncovered in the Watergate scandal included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

paying Supreme Court justices to write favorable opinions

question

Richard Nixon resisted giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress, claiming that

answer

he had executive privilege (confidentiality)

question

Congressman Gerald Ford had become vice president of the US when

answer

Spiro Agnew resigned on corruption charges and Nixon appointed Ford under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment

question

The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was

answer

pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while president

question

The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of the thirty-four other nations

answer

legitimated Soviet-dictated boundaries in Eastern Europe, while spawning human rights efforts there

question

The "boat people" were

answer

a second wave of Vietnamese people who sought to escape oppressive communist regimes for freedom

question

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

answer

violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person

question

President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the

answer

Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt

question

The oil shocks of the 1970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that

answer

their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade and the global economy

question

The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the US died in the Senate when the Soviets

answer

invaded Afghanistan

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