question

Who led the American Federation of Labor as it became the largest organizer of workers in the United States?

answer

Samuel Gompers

question

The Great Uprising of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's:

answer

Railway Companies

question

In an 1884 editorial, pro-labor newspaper editor John Swinton argued that:

answer

Poor working conditions would be much worse without unions and strikes

question

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) excluded unskilled workers from its membership rolls because AFL leaders believed unskilled workers:

answer

Were weak and unreliable

question

After the Civil War, a leading trend in business was the increase in exports of

answer

Manufactured goods

question

The press stirred up rage over what aspect of the Haymarket Riot?

answer

The death of seven policemen

question

How did the Knights of Labor differ from other nineteenth-century labor organization?

answer

It was inclusive in its membership

question

Which of the following most likely would have helped to prevent injuries and deaths in factories in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Greater government regulation, which would have prevented negligence

question

Which of the following business tactics was not employed by Andrew Carnegie?

answer

He aimed to appease labor unions

question

Laissez-faire was a philosophy typically held by:

answer

Conservative capitalist

question

An immigrant of African and Dutch heritage name Jan Matzeliger invented a machine that helped to mechanize the:

answer

Manufacture of shoes.

question

The first big business in the United States was the:

answer

Railroad industry

question

The workplace of the late 1800s included all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Increasing numbers of skilled craftsmen

question

In the nineteenth century, how did rural customers typically differ from urban customers?

answer

They had less access to stores than urban customers

question

When female workers at the Mundell Company in Philadelphia faced wage cuts like the ones that male workers at the company had successfully resisted, the workers opted:

answer

To have both the men and women strike together

question

What is one way that the American Federation of Labor (AFL) differed from the Knights of Labor?

answer

The AFL did not welcome African Americans

question

The "Great Uprising" of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's:

answer

Railroad companies

question

Andrew Carnegie became representative of those in big business who believed that:

answer

The affluent should return some wealth to the public through philanthropy

question

Founded in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission could initially best be described as:

answer

Unsubstantial and ineffectual

question

Two cases, Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. vs. Illinois and Santa Clara County vs. Southern Pacific Railroad, demonstrated that the Supreme Court in 1886 was:

answer

Primarily conservative and supported big business

question

Why did advertisements increasingly need to be eye-catching and memorable?

answer

to stand out among the growing number of advertisements

question

Which statement would most likely have been said by a believer in social Darwinism?

answer

"The wealthy and powerful are those who are fittest for survival."

question

What did the fate of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 demonstrate?

answer

Congress was in league with big business

question

Which headline would most likely have appeared during the Great Upheaval of 1886?

answer

"Seven Policemen Slaughtered by Rioting Radicals!"

question

A Scribner's Monthly editorial on the 1877 Great Uprising alleged each of the following EXCEPT that:

answer

socialist infiltrators instigate strikes

question

Which of the following best describes Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth"?

answer

the belief that a free market creates opportunities and benefits for all

question

By 1900, all of the following were true of the railroad industry EXCEPT that:

answer

the shipment of goods by rail was more costly than other forms of transportation.

question

In writing about "the modern emblem of motion and power—the pulse of the continent," Walt Whitman was celebrating late nineteenth-century

answer

railroads

question

Many members of the Workingmen's Benevolent Association were

answer

Irish immigrants

question

Which statement about women and children in the work force is not true?

answer

Women and children were typically paid the same as men in similar occupations.

question

What is the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration?

answer

Vertical integration involves control of all phases of production whereas horizontal integration involves buying out rival companies producing the same product.

question

Which of the following best characterizes the stories of Horatio Alger?

answer

They reinforced the ideal of the self-made man

question

The mass market that emerged in the late nineteenth century could best be described as:

answer

a shared consumer culture

question

What was one disadvantage of the rise of industrialization for American workers?

answer

Corporations came to control the conditions and nature of work

question

What was the significance of the adoption of a standard gauge?

answer

It allowed all trains to travel on any tracks, integrating the entire system

question

The Populist Party supported which of the following policies?

answer

all of the above

question

As the leader of the American Railway Union, Eugene Debs led:

answer

a strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company

question

William Jennings Bryan's famous "cross of gold" speech addressed which issue?

answer

currency reform

question

To entrepreneurs, such pastimes as baseball were business. What does this fact reveal about the new concept of leisure time?

answer

It provided opportunities for some to make money

question

How did the women who ran settlement houses differ from elite women from earlier generations who also helped the poor?

answer

They lived among those whom they helped

question

Tammany Hall operatives worked to win the support of immigrants by:

answer

denouncing nativism and blocking anti-immigrant legislation

question

Whom did the People's Party hope to represent?

answer

all struggling laborers

question

Which of the following forms of leisure and entertainment did not emerge as popular during the Gilded Age?

answer

radio serials

question

Who did the Populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892?

answer

James B. Weaver

question

Who won the presidency in 1896?

answer

William McKinley

question

In 1890, in conjunction with the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, Congress passed a bill:

answer

creating higher tariffs

question

A vaudeville show could BEST be described as:

answer

a type of variety show

question

What attitude toward the company town was expressed by the Pullman worker who said, "We are born in a Pullman house, fed from the Pullman shop, taught in the Pullman school, catechized in the Pullman church, and when we die we shall be buried in the Pullman cemetery and go to the Pullman Hell"?

answer

Resentment

question

Urban tenement districts were associated with:

answer

Filth and disease

question

After 1880, immigrants from which of the following regions began to dominate the numbers of those coming to the United States?

answer

Southern and Eastern Europe

question

Which movement most clearly benefited from the rising level of women's education?

answer

the women's suffrage movement

question

Why did many conservative Americans condemn bicycling?

answer

It enabled young people to go out unchaperoned

question

Institutions established in the 1880s to provide social and educational services for the poor were called:

answer

settlement houses

question

With the 1896 presidential election, the Republicans became the party representing:

answer

economic and international power

question

The City Beautiful Movement was comprised of:

answer

architects and urban planners hoping to improve urban life through design

question

The National Alliance was formed from a coalition of:

answer

Farmers' organizations

question

"The half that was on top cared little for the struggles, and less for the fate, of those who were underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there and keep its own seat." This statement would most likely have been made by:

answer

Jacob A. Riis

question

John Roebling was a German immigrant who:

answer

designed the Brooklyn Bridge

question

Which of the following best characterizes the political machines of the late nineteenth century?

answer

They were corrupt political organizations

question

Which of the following groups would not have been affiliated with the new People's Party in 1892?

answer

the mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North

question

What was most likely a result of the involvement of all American Railway Union members in the Pullman strike?

answer

The heads of railroads across the nation became interested in its outcome

question

What resulted from the protests of Coxey's Army and other similar activists?

answer

more inaction by the government

question

Residential suburbs primarily attracted:

answer

middle-class families

question

Who was a reformer dedicated to improving the lives of the poor and the working class?

answer

Jane Addams

question

Who managed Andrew Carnegie's steel plant during the contentious Homestead strike?

answer

Henry Clay Frick

question

The central business districts of cities tended to include:

answer

ethnic neighborhoods for new immigrants

question

What did proponents of "soft money" advocate?

answer

issuing more currency

question

How did many conservative politicians view government regulation of business during the late nineteenth century?

answer

as a dangerous form of socialism

question

According to the text, the word gild in the term Gilded Age accurately describes the time because:

answer

its dazzling accomplishments were like a thin veneer when compared with its many social problems

question

Baseball cards were originally produced to market:

answer

tobacco products

question

In response to the Pullman strike, President Cleveland opted to:

answer

send in federal troops to back a court order and end the strike

question

The "progressive movement" was driven by:

answer

a general belief that moderate reforms were needed to help end social disorder

question

What was the effect on workers of the establishment of an "open shop" at a company?

answer

Workers could choose to join a union, but might face harassment and other discriminatory practices

question

The Progressive movement was driven by:

answer

a general belief that moderate reforms were needed to help cure social ills

question

The Progressive agenda mainly reflected the values of:

answer

the middle class

question

In his 1895 "Atlanta Exposition Address," Booker T. Washington claimed to accept segregation if:

answer

it did not impede the economic progress of African Americans

question

What was the Federal Reserve?

answer

a bank that held funds in reserve for times of crisis

question

Why did the National Consumers' League create "whitelists" of approved stores as a part of organizing consumer boycotts?

answer

Making "blacklists" of stores to boycott was against the law

question

Why were some feminists disappointed with the Supreme Court ruling in Muller vs. Oregon?

answer

They were upset that the ruling depended on a view of women as inferior to men

question

What did the popularity of Carry A. Nation reveal about early twentieth-century American culture?

answer

There was growing concern about the effects of the increase in alcohol consumption

question

What event led to the death of thirteen women and children in the Ludlow Massacre?

answer

the governor of Colorado's sending state troops to remove striking miners' camps

question

Booker T. Washington believed that race relations would improve:

answer

if African Americans focused on economic advancement and remained patient

question

Which of the following was not a candidate for president in 1912?

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

What did the Seventeenth Amendment do?

answer

It provided for the direct popular election of U.S. senators

question

As a result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire:

answer

women across all classes fought for city safety regulations

question

What prevented workers from escaping when a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory?

answer

Employers had locked the factory doors from the outside

question

Which statement best describes Woodrow Wilson's style as president?

answer

He built upon Theodore Roosevelt's model of strong executive authority

question

What ultimately resulted in a decline in child labor?

answer

mandatory school attendance

question

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle focused on the problems of immigrants who worked:

answer

in the meatpacking industry

question

What did John D. Rockefeller and other members of the upper class believe was the source of poverty?

answer

individual failures

question

What did W. E. B. Du Bois mean by the "Talented Tenth"?

answer

an educated elite of African-American professionals and teachers

question

Which best describes the middle-class view on childhood?

answer

a period for education and play

question

How did the 1916 law banning the interstate sale of products made by child labor affect children in the workplace?

answer

The law protected fewer than one out of every ten child laborers

question

Child labor affected many recently arrived immigrant men because:

answer

their English-speaking children could often get jobs more easily than they could

question

The temperance movement attracted all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

working-class men

question

The Industrial Workers of the World differed from the American Federation of Labor AFL in that they:

answer

rejected the idea of working within the free market system

question

Who inadvertently coined the term "muckraker?"

answer

Theodore Roosevelt

question

What portion of American workers were wage-earning manual laborers?

answer

more than half

question

What might have been the result if the Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York had ruled that a state could use its police powers to protect workers' health and safety?

answer

More states would have passed and enforced maximum hour laws for both male and female workers.

question

In campaigning for president, Woodrow Wilson promised "New Freedom," which prioritized:

answer

competition in the marketplace

question

President Wilson offset lost tariff revenues by relying on:

answer

revenue created by the first federal income tax

question

Which Republican incumbent was defeated in 1912 when his party split into Progressive and conservative factions?

answer

William Howard Taft

question

Reform efforts to improve the lives of children included all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

sending children to farms so that they could spend more time outdoors

question

At the turn of the twentieth century, what factor made it increasingly difficult for small businesses to succeed?

answer

the dominance of huge conglomerates

question

What factors constrained the Progressive agenda?

answer

The Supreme Court limited or struck down many protections for workers won by Progressives, and many workers themselves believed that unions and strikes were better means to improving their situation.

question

Edward Curtis considered himself a "friend" to the Indian and advocated that:

answer

they assimilate into American society

question

A nationwide ban on child labor was enacted:

answer

as part of the New Deal

question

In Lochner v. New York the Supreme Court ruled that:

answer

the government should not interfere with an employee's negotiating his own work schedule unless the hours jeopardized health

question

The Harlem Renaissance:

answer

featured some of the greatest literature, music, and visual art of the era.

question

In the 1920 presidential election, Warren Harding called for:

answer

a return to "normalcy."

question

Who were referred to as "wets"?

answer

those who opposed Prohibition

question

Which of the following was NOT a writer associated with the Lost Generation?

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

What was one major effect of the widespread acquisition of radios in American homes during the 1920s?

answer

the development of mass culture

question

In the 1920s, American women were primarily employed as:

answer

secretaries and telephone operators

question

One of the most dramatic moments of the Scopes Trial occurred when:

answer

Darrow called Bryan to the stand

question

Who was the African-American leader who rejected integration in favor of establishing an independent nation in Africa?

answer

Marcus Garvey

question

The Dawes Plan resulted in the United States' loaning Germany:

answer

millions of dollars

question

President Coolidge was asked to sign a treaty with France renouncing war, and decided to:

answer

negotiate a nonaggression pact with multiple nations instead

question

The passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

answer

gave women the right to vote

question

Charles Lindbergh became a celebrity when he:

answer

completed the first nonstop, solo flight across the Atlantic

question

Suburbanization in the 1920s:

answer

was made possible by the success of the automobile

question

Proponents of welfare capitalism believed that:

answer

corporations could build a loyal workforce by providing certain benefits

question

During World War I, the government provided protections for industrial workers, but after the war:

answer

workers lost those gains when the government was no longer motivated to help them

question

What attitude toward birth control did Margaret Sanger encounter in her work?

answer

the idea that birth control and the women who used it were indecent

question

According to the text, Warren Harding's victory in the election of 1920 was largely due to the public's:

answer

fatigue with war and Wilson's leadership style

question

The Teapot Dome scandal involved:

answer

the accepting of bribes by a member of President Harding's cabinet

question

Proponents of welfare capitalism pushed for all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

gender parity

question

President Harding's foreign policy can best be characterized by which of the following statements?

answer

Harding wanted to use dollars and disarmament to secure peace

question

With regard to the issue of wartime debts, most Americans believed that:

answer

all European nations needed to repay their debts

question

The Immigration Act of 1924 significantly restricted emigration from:

answer

Eastern Europe

question

In the 1920s, President Coolidge famously said that "the business of America is business." How did contemporary trends reflect this statement?

answer

The Harding and Coolidge administrations generally favored industrial and business interests

question

According to philosopher Alain Locke, the "New Negro" embodied:

answer

black racial pride

question

What was the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier intended to represent?

answer

all World War I soldiers who went missing or unidentified

question

The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for all of the following EXCEPT that it:

answer

guaranteed that other nations would provide military aid to the United States

question

To what aspect of modern life were both the Lost Generation and Christian fundamentalists responding?

answer

its apparent inability to meet the needs of the human spirit

question

Who was the novelist whose Home to Harlem was labeled as harmful and exploitive by W. E. B. Du Bois?

answer

Claude McKay

question

In what sense did Charles Lindbergh's achievement represent traditional values to some Americans?

answer

His achievement recalled the pioneers' independence and spirit of adventure

question

The First Red Scare was caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Russia's open threats against the American government

question

Why did crime and illicit drinking flourish despite Prohibition?

answer

Enforcement was weak and underfunded

question

In the 1920s, the best predictor of how a woman would vote was:

answer

how her husband voted

question

Jazz could best be described as a melding of European musical traditions and:

answer

African-American music

question

When was Prohibition repealed?

answer

during the Great Depression

question

The Scopes Trial revealed Fundamentalists' rejection of:

answer

evolution

question

Members of the African-American elite accused Marcus Garvey of all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

using skin lighteners and hair straighteners

question

Politicians stopped supporting women's reform issues:

answer

when it became apparent that women were not voting as a bloc

question

Even before direct American involvement, the United States was linked to the Allies' cause:

answer

because of the valuable loans that banks had issued to Allied nations

question

Government propaganda did all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

discourage prejudice against German-Americans

question

The government funded the war effort primarily by:

answer

selling war bonds

question

How did the federal government ensure the smooth transport of war-related freight during the war?

answer

by taking over management of the railroads

question

Scientists at the time did not know that the Spanish Influenza was spread by:

answer

an airborne virus

question

Which act prohibited anti-government speech during the war?

answer

the Sedition Act

question

Which nation was excluded from the Paris Peace Conference?

answer

Germany

question

In defending the League of Nations, President Wilson argued all of the following positions EXCEPT that:

answer

leaving the power to declare war to Congress alone was dangerous

question

President Wilson promoted all of the following in his Fourteen Points speech to Congress EXCEPT:

answer

U.S. territorial expansion

question

Shell shock was caused by:

answer

the strain of artillery bombardments

question

During World War I, the women's suffrage movement:

answer

tied its cause to democracy and peace

question

Germany's Arabic Pledge stated that the nation would not sink:

answer

passenger ships without warning

question

The main effect of the Espionage Act was to:

answer

discourage free speech

question

In deciding whether or not to fight, eventual war hero Alvin C. York faced an agonizing conflict in reconciling:

answer

his patriotism with his pacifist religious beliefs

question

Soon after the United States entered the war, American forces helped stop the German drive toward:

answer

Paris

question

Which nation did Austria-Hungary hold responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

answer

Serbia

question

All of the following nations were among the Central Powers EXCEPT:

answer

Japan

question

During the war, most enlisted African Americans worked:

answer

as laborers

question

The leader of the American Expeditionary Forces was:

answer

John J. Pershing

question

Throughout World War I, the Food Administration:

answer

avoided rationing by raising prices and appealing to patriotism

question

The Spanish Influenza actually originated:

answer

in the American Midwest

question

President Wilson's primary opponent on the matter of the League of Nations was:

answer

Henry Cabot Lodge

question

The Sedition Act differed from the Espionage Act in that it:

answer

targeted anyone who spoke against the government

question

In the Zimmerman Telegram, German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann negotiated in support of:

answer

a border war between Mexico and the United States

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding advancements in technology during World War I?

answer

Poison gas added to the threat of artillery fire

question

The Western Front was characterized by a complex system of trenches that ran for over 400 miles from the North Sea to:

answer

Switzerland

question

The White House reacted to President Wilson's stroke by:

answer

keeping it a secret

question

The War Industries Board was established to:

answer

allocate scarce materials to American industries

question

What weakened President Wilson's negotiating position at the Paris Peace Conference?

answer

the loss of Democratic control of Congress

question

One effect of German U-boat attacks on British passenger ships was:

answer

a modest, yet controversial, expansion of the American armed forces

question

What effect did the Bolshevik revolution have on World War I?

answer

Russia made peace with the Central Powers

question

The primary focus of the Committee on Public Information was:

answer

serving as the government's pro-war propaganda machine

question

Most drafted conscientious objectors:

answer

eventually decided to fight

question

Eugene Debs was arrested and imprisoned for:

answer

criticizing the war as being fought for the master class

question

Why was Article X of the League Covenant controversial?

answer

It stated that member nations would protect other members

question

What linked the United States to the Allies' cause even before direct American involvement in the war?

answer

American trade with and loans to Allied nations

question

The mandate system was theoretically intended to:

answer

establish former colonies as self-governing

question

The primary goal of the American government's imperialistic policies during the late 1800s was:

answer

commercial expansion

question

Manifest Destiny refers to:

answer

American expansionism

question

What was the effect of Filipino rebels' efforts to attract African-American soldiers to their cause?

answer

Only a few soldiers joined the Filipinos to fight against the United States

question

Major outcomes of the Spanish-American War included which of the following?

answer

the emergence of the United States as a world power

question

How did descriptions of life in China affect American foreign policy?

answer

U.S. leaders became interested in gaining access to Chinese markets, and tried to restrict Europeans from building colonies there through the Open Door Policy

question

The 1890 book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, influenced the United States to invest in

answer

its naval power

question

By the end of the nineteenth century, the world's preeminent imperial power was:

answer

Great Britain

question

Why did President Roosevelt refer to Colombia's rulers as "contemptible little creatures"?

answer

Roosevelt was angry that they refused his offer of $10 million for American control of the Panama Canal.

question

What was reconcentration?

answer

the policy of removing Cuban peasants to camps and destroying their crops

question

Which statement might a believer in social Darwinism have made regarding U.S. imperialism?

answer

"We must promote the superiority of our culture in an effort to ensure world stability."

question

Why did anti-imperialist William Jennings Bryan support the Treaty of Paris?

answer

so that the U.S. could grant the Philippines its independence

question

The main Asian imperialist power around the turn of the twentieth century was:

answer

Japan

question

The primary goal of the American government's imperialistic policies was:

answer

economic opportunity

question

What were spheres of influence?

answer

exclusive political and trading rights within another nation's territory

question

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

answer

a nationalist uprising against foreigners in China

question

Why did Theodore Roosevelt worry that there could be a European invasion of the Caribbean during his presidency?

answer

The Dominican Republic and Venezuela were indebted to European nations

question

In deciding whether Japanese immigrant Takao Ozawa was "white" enough to become an American citizen, the Supreme Court ruled that whiteness was:

answer

based on physical and facial features

question

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

answer

the Filipino leader who declared independence from Spain

question

Which of the following was NOT relinquished by Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War?

answer

Panama

question

Why did the federal government institute the Dollar Diplomacy policy?

answer

to maintain U.S. economic dominance in Latin America

question

In the Gentlemen's Agreement, Japan agreed to:

answer

deny passports to workers seeking to immigrate to the United States

question

How was American imperialism in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines different from the informal economic empire it established in the Caribbean?

answer

The three countries became actual colonies of the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War

question

The overall effect of the Platt Amendment was to:

answer

restrict Cuba's autonomy at home and abroad

question

"Picture brides" were:

answer

Japanese women in long-distance, arranged marriages to men in the United States

question

What was ironic about the dispute in the United States about whether Americans needed the consent of colonized peoples to govern them?

answer

The American Revolution had started because of colonists' resentment over the injustice of being governed without representation

question

How did American engineers solve the challenge of flooding in the route designated for the Panama Canal?

answer

The Chagres River was dammed

question

What is a protectorate?

answer

a country or territory under the protective authority of a stronger nation

question

Leading up to the Spanish-American War, the yellow press:

answer

used sensationalism to stir up war fever

question

After buying the project from the Panama Canal Company, how did the United States gain control of the region where the Panama Canal was built?

answer

U.S. naval forces supported the Panamanian revolt against Colombia

question

Critics compared American tactics in the Philippines with those of Spain in Cuba because American troops:

answer

burned Filipino villages and crops

question

Which one of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between advances in technology and American imperialism, according to the textbook?

answer

On the one hand, advances in transportation and communication made the world seem smaller and more dangerous, but on the other hand, these advances made reaching out to global markets easier and thus more compelling

question

Three months after ruling in Takao Ozawa v. United States, the Supreme Court:

answer

rejected the argument that Asian Indians were Caucasian

question

According to the British poet Rudyard Kipling, the "white man's burden" was the responsibility to:

answer

civilize so-called racially inferior peoples

question

Which resulted from the Spanish-American War?

answer

Cuba became a de facto protectorate of the United States

question

Why was Angel Island a place of sorrow for some Japanese and Chinese immigrants?

answer

Asian immigrants were detained there and often interrogated while American authorities attempted to verify their identities

question

For what reason did Americans pursue westward expansion in the nineteenth century?

answer

to increase economic opportunities

question

What effect did the Insular Cases have on constitutional rights for colonial populations?

answer

The rulings protected their rights to free speech and religion, but did not protect their rights to a fair trial

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