HIM 135 – Test 4 Homework – Flashcards
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virulent
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difficult to kill; able to produce disease
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peristalsis
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the contraction of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract to move food and fluid
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Salmonella
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a group of gram-negative bacteria often responsible for intestinal infections
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vermiform
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worm-like
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polyp
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an inward projection of the mucosal lining of the colon
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occult blood
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hidden blood; unable to see except under microscopic examination
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strep throat
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an acute form of pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus
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peritonitis
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an inflammation of the peritoneum
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perforation
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an abnormal opening in an organ or tissue
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volvulus
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the bowel twisted on itself
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remission
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a time when symptoms are diminished or temporarily resolved
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melena
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dark tarry stool due to blood in feces
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remissions and exacerbations
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Which of the following characterizes Crohn's disease? (remissions and exacerbations, being caused by food additives and cigarette smoking, primarily affecting the stomach)
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loss of teeth
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Which of the following occurs as part of the natural aging process? (increase in sense of taste, loss of teeth, increase in production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach)
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they are varicose veins in the rectum
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Which of the following is true regarding hemorrhoids? (they are varicose veins in the rectum, external hemorrhoids are located on the rectal wall, there is an increase in occurrence with a patient who has diarrhea)
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it is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the United States
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Which of the following statements is true regarding colorectal cancer? (it is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the United States, there are no dietary prevention recommendations, adenocarcinomas are the most common type and tend to grow quickly)
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hemorrhoids
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A patient reports a protrusion coming from the rectum that is painful and bleeds when wiping after a stool. What is the most likely cause?
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it is the most common intestinal disorder
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Which of the following is true regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? (the etiology is the invasion of microorganisms into the lining of the colon, it is an acute problem, not a chronic disease, it is the most common intestinal disorder)
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it is characterized by massive diarrhea containing blood, pus, and mucus
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Which of the following statements is true about dysentery? (it is characterized by massive diarrhea containing blood, pus, and mucus, it has an unknown etiology, it is a chronic condition with remissions and exacerbations)
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it has a high risk of developing into colon cancer
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Which of the following statements is true regarding ulcerative colitis (it has a high risk of developing into colon cancer, remissions often occur during stressful times, it is an acute inflammation of the colon)
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adhesions
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Which of the following is a frequent cause of an intestinal obstruction? (microorganisms, adhesions, irritable bowels)
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reflux esophagitis
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What is another name for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
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treat or prevent liver disease
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Which of the following is a possible preventive measure for esophageal varices? (there is no preventive measure, treat or prevent liver disease, not smoking and losing weight)
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prompt treatment of H. pylori
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Which of the following would be a preventive measure for gastritis? (genetic screening, prompt treatment of H. pylori, there are not preventive measures)
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proper body mechanics
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Which of the following would be a preventive measure for an inguinal hernia? (proper body mechanics, avoiding alcohol, there is no preventive measure)
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false (30 feet)
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The alimentary canal in adults is approximately 10 feet in length. (T/F)
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true
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The esophagus is a tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach. (T/F)
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true
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The material not absorbed by the intestines is called feces. (T/F)
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true
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Perforation of the intestines can allow the contents to spill into the abdominal cavity. The resulting inflammation is called peritonitis. (T/F)
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false (stomach)
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A gastroscopy is an endoscopic examination that allows the provider to look into the lower colon. (T/F)
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false (supporting structures/gums)
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Periodontal disease is a process that destroys the enamel of the tooth. (T/F)
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false (hiatial hernia)
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Esophageal varicies result when the stomach slides upward into the chest cavity. (T/F)
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true
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Inflammation of the stomach is known as gastritis. (T/F)
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false (ulcer)
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Crohn's disease is when an area of tissue erodes, leaving a crater-like appearance. (T/F)
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true
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The function of the appendix is unknown. (T/F)
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true
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Adhesions are a contributing factor for intestinal obstruction. (T/F)
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false
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Ulcerative colitis is an acute inflammation of the colon caused by invasion of microorganisms into the lining of the colon. (T/F)
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true
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A polyp is an inward projection of the mucosal lining of the colon. (T/F)
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false (ulcerative colitis)
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Hemorrhoids are little ulcers or craters in the intestine. (T/F)
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true
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Prevention of colorectal cancer centers around dietary changes, which include decreasing red meat and increasing fiber. (T/F)
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false (high-fiber diet)
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A diet low in fiber may aid in the prevention of diverticulosis. (T/F)
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hepatomegaly
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enlarged liver
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of the spleen
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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cirrhosis
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chronic, irreversible, degenerative disease of the liver
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gynecomastia
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abnormal breast enlargement
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portal hypertension
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increased pressure in the portal system, frequently seen in cirrhosis
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jaundice
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a yellowish color in the skin and sclera due to increased bile in the pigments in the blood
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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palmar erythema
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unusual redness of the palm of the hands
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spider angiomas
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seen on the face and chest of individuals with cirrhosis of the liver
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radical cystectomy
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the removal of the entire bladder
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pyuria
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pus in the urine
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urgency
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severe need to urinate
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urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
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laboratory analysis that determines the type of bacteria present and the most effective antibiotic to prescribe for treatment
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uremia
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toxic condition of the blood due to high levels of waste products
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oliguria
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a decrease in urine output
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nocturia
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excessive voiding at night
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lithotripsy
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procedure for breaking kidney or gallbladder stones
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suprapubic catheter
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a catheter that is inserted surgically through the pelvic wall, as is often done after urinary tract surgeries
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nephrectomy
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the surgical removal of the kidney
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one in ten
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What is the incidence of liver and gallbladder disease in the United States?
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hepatitis A
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Which hepatitis is the most benign harmless form?
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hepatitis B
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For which hepatitis is a vaccine currently available?
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hepatitis D
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Which hepatitis requires the presence of hepatitis B to replicate
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hepatitis E
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Which hepatitis is most similar to hepatitis A?
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it is an acute hepatitis that causes extensive necrosis of the liver tissue
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Why is fulminant hepatitis particularly serious
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carry venous blood from the spleen and digestive organs to the liver
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What is the purpose of the hepatic portal system?
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caput medusae
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A complication of severe cirrhosis is varicosities across the front of the abdomen. What are these varicosities called?
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it is five times more likely to develop in men than in women
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Which of the following is true regarding liver cancer? (it is five times more likely to develop in men than in women, it is usually caught quickly, as its symptoms are very distinctive, it is a common site for primary and benign tumors)
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in severe cases it is usually due to alcoholism
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Which of the following is true about pancreatitis? (a low blood amylase is indicative of pancreatitis, it is usually caused by an adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas, in severe cases it is usually due to alcoholism)
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prevention involves good hygiene and special care when handling needles and body secretions
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Which of the following describes the best approach to the prevention of hepatitis?
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decreasing fat intake in the diet may be helpful
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Which of the following is true about the prevention of cholelithiasis? (limiting alcohol intake, decreasing fat intake in the diet may be helpful, stopping smoking)
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false (liver)
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Jaundice is an obvious sign of pancreatic disease. (T/F)
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true
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The effects of liver diseases can range from mild inflammation to those that destroy the liver and result in liver failure. (T/F)
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false (hepatitis A)
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Hepatitis B is the most benign and harmless form of hepatitis. (T/F)
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true
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Hepatitis A & E are spread by the fecal-oral route. (T/F)
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true
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The most serious complications with hepatitis are development of chronic hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis. (T/F)
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true
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Portal hypertension can lead to splenomegaly. (T/F)
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false
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Portal hypertension is the result of arteriosclerosis of the vascular system. (T/F)
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true
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Gastrointestinal hemorrhage often results in hematemesis. (T/F)
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true
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Ascites may require an abdominocentesis. (T/F)
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true
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A symptom of cirrhosis in a male may be gynecomastia. (T/F)
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false (10-15 years)
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The average survival time after the diagnosis of cirrhosis is made is 1-2 years. (T/F)
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false
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An extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a surgical procedure. (T/F)
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true
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In the case of severe pancreatitis, it is usually due to alcoholism. (T/F)
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true
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The prognosis is poor in pancreatic cancer. (T/F)
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true
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The older adult who develops hepatitis usually undergoes a more severe infection than does a younger person with the same disease. (T/F)
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true
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A high blood amylase is indicative of pancreatitis. (T/F)
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false (liver cancer)
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The prevention of gallbladder disease is best accomplished by avoiding cirrhosis and hepatitis. (T/F)
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true
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Hepatitis is preventable. (T/F)
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true
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Liver cancer is preventable. (T/F)
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the infection started somewhere else and was carried to the urinary system through the blood
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What does is mean if it is determined that the urinary tract infection is a secondary infection? (the infection started in the urinary system and traveled to another system, the infection started somewhere else and was carried to the urinary system through the blood, it is an ascending infection)
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urethritis
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When this condition occurs in males, it is often a symptom of gonorrhea.
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chronic glomerulonephritis
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A symptom of this disease is hypertension.
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calcium
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What is the most common composition of renal calculi (kidney stones)?
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75%
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What percentage of kidney function is usually destroyed before symptoms of renal failure become evident?
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limiting protein
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Renal failure often requires dietary management to help manage symptoms. Which of the following would be an appropriate dietary change in renal failure? (increasing sodium, limiting carbohydrates, limiting protein)
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hemodialysis
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Which of the following methods of dialysis requires the maintenance of a vascular access?
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relatively uncommon
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How common is cancer of the kidney?
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it is the loss of control of urine flow
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Which of the following is the best description of urinary incontinence? (it is the absence of urine, it is difficult or painful urination, it is the loss of control of urine flow)
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radical cystectomy
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The treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder may include the removal of the entire bladder. What is this procedure called?
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riding a motorcycle
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Straddle injuries are more likely to occur when doing which of the following activities (riding a motorcycle, jogging, sitting at a computer for a long time)
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receiving proper antibiotic treatment for streptococcal infections
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Which of the following measures is the best prevention for acute glomerulonephritis? (drinking cranberry juice to lower the pH or acidity in the urine, cleansing the genital area before and after sexual intercourse, receiving proper antibiotic treatment for streptococcal infections)
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it is not preventable
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Which of the following is true about the prevention of polycystic disease? (treating hypertension and diabetes will prevent it, it is not preventable, drinking 6-8 glasses of water a day will prevent it)
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true
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The kidneys produce an active form of vitamin D that is necessary for strong bones. (T/F)
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false
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A patient complains of pain below her ribs on the front of her abdomen. This is indicative of urinary disease. (T/F)
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false (cystoscopy)
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A bronchoscopy is an invasive procedure to look into the urethra and bladder using a lighted scope. (T/F)
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true
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Men have fewer urinary tract infections than women do. (T/F)
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true
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Women who suffer frequent UTIs are encouraged to drink 6-8 glasses of water a day. (T/F)
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false (cystitis)
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A bladder infection is commonly called urethritis. (T/F)
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true
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Diseases of the kidney affect the filtering system of the body. (T/F)
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false (as the kidneys fail)
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In polycystic disease, when the kidneys fail, hypotension generally develops. (T/F)
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true
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When renal failure occurs suddenly, it is called acute renal failure. (T/F)
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false (hemodialysis)
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The most common type of dialysis is peritoneal dialysis. (T/F)
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true
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Cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor for cancer of the kidney. (T/F)
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true
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A surgical procedure called the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) is performed to treat urinary incontinence. (T/F)
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true
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Bladder cancer is the most common neoplasm of the urinary tract. (T/F)
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false (urinary incontinence)
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The most common problem of the urinary system in the older adult is cancer. (T/F)
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true
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Neurogenic bladder is dysfunction of the bladder due to an injury of the nervous system. (T/F)
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false
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Renal failure is always preventable. (T/F)
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true
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Urinary incontinence is not always preventable. (T/F)
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true
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Neurogenic bladder in many cases is not preventable. (T/F)
