HG&D - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

question

An intellectual disability in which no evidence of brain damage or genetic disorder can be found is called _____ intellectual disability.

answer

cultural-familial .

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According to research, wisdom is:

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n/a

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Sternberg's and Gardner's theories of intelligence are alike in that both:

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include one or more categories related to social intelligence.

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To be considered gifted, one needs an IQ of at least

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130.

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In the nature versus nurture debate regarding intelligence, it is safe to say that intelligence:

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has a strong genetic influence but may be significantly influenced by environmental conditions.

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Which of the following types of intelligence are included in Sternberg's theory?

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analytical, creative, and practica

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John Horn believes that _____ intelligence continues to increase throughout the life span, whereas _____ intelligence begins to decline in middle adulthood.

answer

crystallized; fluid

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Tanisha scores high on traditional intelligence tests due to her strong memory, decision-making skills, and problem-solving abilities. Which Sternberg area is a strength for her?

answer

analytical

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IQ scores should be considered with caution because:

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scores can lead to false expectations and generalizations.

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Eman's test scores are not high, but he solves problems in unique, insightful ways. Which Sternberg area is a strength for him?

answer

creative

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Which of the following is NOT a component of the definition of intellectual disability?

answer

support category scores below 80

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Which part of the brain is MOST linked with high intelligence?

answer

prefrontal cortex

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Terman found that gifted children:

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are well adjusted and emotionally mature.

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Spencer loves to sail and plays chess for fun. According to Gardner, he is most likely strong in _____ intelligence.

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spatial

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According to Baltes, expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters is called:

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wisdom.

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Who proposed that practical knowledge should be considered part of intelligence?

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Robert Sternberg

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Paul has an IQ of 71. He lives in his own apartment, has a job, and supports himself. He has many friends, goes bowling, and eats out often. He has no difficulty adapting to everyday life. According to the definition of intellectual disability, Paul has a(n) _____ intellectual disability.

answer

n/a

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According to Sternberg, students with which of the following abilities tend to be favored in conventional schools?

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analytical

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Many intelligence tests are biased because they:

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reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.

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Thinking that produces many answers to the same question is labeled:

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divergent.

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The effectiveness of a psychological test primarily depends on the:

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knowledge, skill, and integrity of the examiner.

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There are many definitions of intelligence. Which of the following is the designation used in the textbook?

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the ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from experiences

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Russell's test scores are low, but he quickly grasps real-life problems and could be called "street smart." Which Sternberg area is a strength for him?

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practical

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Critics of emotional intelligence argue that:

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n/a

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A person's IQ, as measured on one of the Wechsler scales, is:

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a combination of a verbal and nonverbal IQ scores.

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Gemmy is a journalist and is trying to finish writing her first novel. According to Gardner, she most likely has good _____ intelligence.

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verbal

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An intellectual disability that is caused by a genetic disorder or by brain damage is called _____ intellectual disability.

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organic

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Marquessa is teaching her son to read by sounding out words and having him repeat them in storybooks she reads to him. What approach is she using?

answer

phonics

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What primary function does vocalization (crying, cooing, babbling and gestures) accomplish for infants?

answer

attracts attention from their caregivers and others

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Anthony holds up his glass and says, "Milk gone." What type of speech pattern is this?

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telegraphic

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The LAD refers to:

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language acquisition device

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Although very few aids are necessary for learning language, what can greatly facilitate a child's language development (Beatty & Pratt, 2011)?

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interaction with caregivers

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Brocca's and Wernicke's areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain?

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left hemisphere

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Vocabulary continues to increase until:

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late adulthood.

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The fact that changes in word order can change the meaning of a sentence is an example of:

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syntax.

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Research comparing the approaches of whole-language and phonics has shown that:

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the phonics approach should be used in teaching children to read but students also benefit from whole-language instruction.

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In a baby's first year of life, what language development stage comes after crying?

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cooing

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Language development is not a simple matter of imitation and reinforcement. Therefore, what should be avoided?

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drill and practice

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Sixty-five-year-old Ruth is talking on the phone. She stops speaking to search her memory for the right word to use. This is an example of:

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the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

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Cecilia begins teaching children to read by having them learn to make sounds that go with each letter of the alphabet. Which language approach is Cecilia taking?

answer

phonics

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Language development during the adult years varies greatly among individuals depending on:

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level of education and social and occupational roles.

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José's basic academic subjects are taught in his native language of Spanish. English is gradually taught as a companion subject. This is an example of:

answer

the dual-language approach.

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When is the easiest time to learn a second language?

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variable across different language systems

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Which statement is true of child-directed speech?

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It is generally automatic, Language is spoken in a higher pitch with simple words and sentences, It captures the infant's attention and maintains communication. (All of these)

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When does the "tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon" become readily apparent?

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late adulthood

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A child's first words mainly consist of:

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important people, animals, vehicles, food, body parts, greeting terms.

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Telegraphic speech is characterized by:

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short, precise words without grammatical markers

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Which language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning?

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whole-language

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Knowing that letters represent sounds in language refers to:

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the alphabetic principle.

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Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device suggests that:

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humans are biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time in a certain way.

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A rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that usually takes place between 18 and 24 months is known as:

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vocabulary spurt.

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When a child struggles with speech and language development, the professional who provides therapeutic intervention is a(n):

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speech/language therapist.

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Research on the ability of infants to understand words indicates that infants:

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understand words well before they can produce them.

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Language is a form of communication—spoken, written, or signed—that is based on a system of:

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symbols.

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Which type of emotions develops in the first 6 months of life and is also present in animals?

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primary

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What is an important factor in attachment as demonstrated by Harry Harlow's experiment with monkeys?

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contact comfort

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Goodness of fit occurs when a child's temperament matches:

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environmental demands.

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Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that:

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n/a

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When Gehrig is left at preschool, he cries and will not play with the other children for some time. According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Gehrig exhibit?

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difficult

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Beth has fewer friends than she did when she was younger, but each relationship is deeply satisfying and enjoyable to her. This is an example of Laura Carstensen's theory of:

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socioemotional selectivity.

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Fifteen-month-old Teri cries when her mother drops her off at day care. Baby Teri is experiencing:

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separation protest.

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What type of emotions are surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, and fear?

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primary

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Romantic love emphasizes passion while affectionate love emphasizes:

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companionship.

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Why is it possible for a couple to remain happy together after their romantic type of love fades?

answer

Romantic love is often replaced by affectionate love.

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Best friends, Gina and Miranda, have infants close to the same age. Gina's daughter is generally cheerful and happy, whereas Miranda's son seems to be upset and crying much of the time. These children have different:

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temperaments.

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Which of the following is true of the nature/nurture argument regarding temperament?

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Experience and environment both influence temperament across the life span.

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Although she is upset, Olivia controls her emotions during a heated discussion with a coworker. Olivia has a high level of emotional:

answer

regulation.

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Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood. She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations. According to Chess and Thomas, Natalie is:

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an easy child.

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Older adulthood emotional experience is characterized by _____ emotions.

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fewer negative

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Infant Jay is crying loudly. There is a sudden long, initial loud cry, followed by a long period in which Jay holds his breath until the next crying sound comes out. This type of cry indicates that Jay is:

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in pain.

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What is the main problem with labeling children as "difficult"?

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It can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

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Janey is a difficult and inhibited child. As an adult, she is likely to:

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experience marital conflict.

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For a child with a difficult temperament, parents should be sure to:

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provide access to experiences that foster coping and self-regulatory skills.

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Adolescents are more likely than adults to report feeling:

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both very happy and very sad.

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Which of the following accounts for our diversity of emotional experiences?

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culture

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John does not recognize when or understand why his wife gets frustrated when he leaves his dirty socks and other laundry on the bathroom floor. John is lacking:

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n/a

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What are the two major forms of love?

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romantic and affectionate

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What type of emotions are empathy, jealousy, and embarrassment?

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self-conscious

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Three-month-old Elizabeth looks at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this a(n) _____ smile.

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social

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Hal is a great dad. Which of the following likely characterizes a typical interaction with his children?

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n/a

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Baby Jonah is hungry. He will alert his mother with a(n):

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basic cry.

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Fifty-year-old Denise complains of nausea and fatigue, and her doctor notes a sharp decrease in estrogen levels. What is MOST likely happening to Denise?

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menopause

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Mr. Martin is 84 years old and has no major health problems. Sexual function in someone as old as Mr. Martin is:

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possible, although it may be more difficult for Mr. Martin to gain an erection and have an orgasm.

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Sexual harassment includes which of the following?

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sexist remarks, physical contact, sexual assault (All of these)

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The notion that very old adults have no sex life is:

answer

not true because sexual ability may decline but is possible throughout the life span.

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Which of the following factors is the MOST common negative result of being an unmarried adolescent mother?

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disruption in education

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The primary factor that determines whether a woman will have an active sex life during middle age is:

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having a spouse.

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Which of the following STIs is caused by a virus rather than bacteria?

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genital herpes

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_____ is one's sense of being male or female.

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Gender identity

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Kyle and Angie have decided to wait until they are married to have sex. They hold to:

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traditional religious sexual script.

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According to the gender-intensification hypothesis, what is a likely result of adolescent boys attempting to be viewed as more masculine?

answer

They engage in risk-taking and rebellious behavior.

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Middle-aged, Paul and Abby do not have sex as often as they did when they were younger. This is MOST likely because they:

answer

are focused on their careers and family.

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Although adolescent contraceptive use is increasing, the United States continues to have one of the highest _____ rates in the industrialized world.

answer

adolescent pregnancy

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Charlie disputes Helen's complaint that they never talk. "What do you mean? I just gave you my work schedule and evening plans for the week." Charlie engages in _____, whereas Helen desires _____.

answer

report talk; rapport talk

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Which of the following is a finding of Robert Michael's extensive interview study regarding Americans' sex lives?

answer

Americans' sexual lives are more conservative than portrayed in the media.

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Which of the following statements regarding the male role in society is accurate?

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The traditional male role puts men at higher risk for health problems.

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Which of the following is positively correlated with increased sexual behavior in adolescents?

answer

viewing sexually explicit TV shows

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Researchers have found links between hormone levels and certain behaviors. Which of the following is a documented correlation?

answer

High levels of testosterone are linked with aggressive and sexual behavior.

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One of the best predictors of getting an STI is:

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having sex with multiple partners.

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Coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the victim is at least casually acquainted is:

answer

date rape.

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Which of the following STIs is caused by bacteria rather than a virus?

answer

chlamydia

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Which of the following statements regarding male and female adolescent sexual behavior is accurate?

answer

Nearly the same percentage of girls and boys participate in oral sex from the age of 15 to the age of 19.

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Condoms are least effective against the spread of:

answer

herpes

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Which of the following accurately describes the sexual activity of most individuals during emerging adulthood?

answer

sexually active and unmarried

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Report talk involves sharing information, while rapport talk involves:

answer

making a personal connection.

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A person's sexual orientation MOST likely is determined by a combination of:

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genetic, hormonal, cognitive, and environmental factors.

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Research indicates that stereotyped gender roles are more psychologically constrictive for:

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boys.

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Females are most likely to be stereotyped as expressing more warmth and sensitivity, whereas males are most likely to be stereotyped as expressing more:

answer

aggression and independence.

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Christie allows her children many freedoms with very few limits and believes their creativity will be enhanced this way. Her children lack self-control and are domineering with peers. Which of Baumrind's parenting styles does Christie employ?

answer

indulgent

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Jeff's parents are getting a divorce. What kinds of problems will he most likely suffer?

answer

minor problems—the majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment difficulties

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Which of the following statements is true regarding marriage in the United States?

answer

The vast majority of adults will marry at some time in their lifetime.

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Should parents stay married for the sake of the children?

answer

Sometimes. Parents must weigh the negative effects of divorce and the unhappy marriage.

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Teen-parent conflict in early adolescence is likely to center around:

answer

everyday events of family life.

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Which of the following is an advantage of having children later (in their 30s)?

answer

Parents are likely to be more mature.

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One benefit of everyday adolescent-parent conflict is that it:

answer

helps adolescents become more autonomous.

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Which of the following is by far the MOST common form of child maltreatment?

answer

neglect

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Which of the following is the main cause for divorce among middle-aged and older adult women?

answer

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse

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The phenomenon in which children and parents learn from each other is termed:

answer

reciprocal socialization.

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Which of the following is the main cause for divorce among middle-aged and older adult men?

answer

n/a

question

Who is the MOST likely to abuse a child?

answer

a parent

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The restrictive, punitive parenting style in which parents exhort the child to follow directions and be respectful is termed by Baumrind as:

answer

authoritarian.

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Being single offers the potential advantage of _____, but the potential disadvantage of _____.

answer

self-reliance; lack of intimacy

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Sixty-year-old Wanda has moved in with her 62-year-old friend, Mike. Which of the following is MOST likely true regarding their decision to cohabit?

answer

They more than likely moved in together for companionship rather than for love.

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Matt and Tamela reward good behavior and ignore bad behavior when possible. When punishment is required, they calmly employ techniques like time-out and verbal reasoning. Which of Baumrind's parenting styles do Matt and Tamela employ?

answer

authoritative

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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gay or lesbian relationships?

answer

Areas of conflict in a homosexual relationship are very like those of heterosexual partners.

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Lori and Spencer have a loving and supportive marriage. What is a likely indirect result of their satisfied relationship?

answer

n/a

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In order to help children deal effectively with divorce, it is important for parents to:

answer

maintain as much of what is familiar to the child as possible.

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Which of the following is TRUE of marital satisfaction?

answer

Individuals in happy marriages tend to live longer than those in unhappy relationships.

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Wade's divorced mother is the custodial parent and she married a man with three children of his own. What type of family does Wade live in?

answer

complex stepfamily

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Which of the following is TRUE regarding remarriage and blended families?

answer

Children in remarried families have similar adjustment problems to those in divorced families.

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Secure attachment to parents during adolescence is positively linked to which of the following?

answer

n/a

question

Ron and Sheri lived together for 2 years, became engaged, and then married. Compared to those who do not cohabit, Ron and Sheri are more likely to:

answer

n/a

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The parenting style that encourages a child to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions is termed by Baumrind as:

answer

authoritative.

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Xavier's divorced mother married a man with no children. What type of family does Xavier live in?

answer

n/a

question

Lana is a working mother who worries about the effects of her employment on her children. What does research indicate on this topic?

answer

Maternal employment may actually have a positive effect on her children if it results in personal satisfaction for the mother.

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Maternal employment may actually have a positive effect on her children if it results in personal satisfaction for the mother.

answer

n/a

question

During which life stage is the rate of suicide the highest?

answer

85 years and older

question

What is the most common cause of infant death in the United States?

answer

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

question

Most patients nearing death want to die:

answer

at home.

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Which of the following lists Kübler-Ross's stages of dying in the correct order?

answer

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

question

Arnold has signed an advanced directive. This means that his:

answer

physician can disconnect him from life-sustaining equipment.

question

Hanna stares out the hospital window and wonders why she has to die. She snaps at a worker who arrives to gather her food tray. Which of Kübler-Ross's stages of grief does this illustrate?

answer

anger

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Which of the following is shown to reduce the level of grief after the loss of a spouse?

answer

increase in spiritual and religious beliefs

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The traditional Amish and Jewish cultures are similar in how they cope with death in that they both:

answer

provide community support for the family over several months.

question

At what age do children gain an understanding of the universality and finality of death?

answer

9 years

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What do members of the Gond culture of India believe causes death?

answer

magic and demons

question

Beth has late-stage terminal cancer. She understands which procedures she is willing to endure and which ones she does not want to undergo. How can Beth best communicate her desires to her physician and family?

answer

Beth should prepare a living will or advanced directive and share it with her family and doctor.

question

Which of the following is the BEST way to deal with impending death?

answer

There is no single "best" way; adaptive coping differs according to personal circumstances and personality.

question

Hospice is a program designed to:

answer

make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible.

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The crux of the controversy surrounding the funeral industry centers on whether or not:

answer

funeral directors are simply out to benefit financially.

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Older adults are MOST likely to die from:

answer

chronic diseases

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Which of the following is an advantage of an individual knowing that he or she is dying?

answer

They have time to reflect on their lives and make decisions about dying.

question

_____ are more likely to attempt suicide; _____ are more likely to commit suicide.

answer

n/a

question

Which of the following strategies can serve to decrease depressive symptoms after the loss of a loved one?

answer

helping behaviors and volunteerism

question

What is the goal of palliative care?

answer

reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity

question

Arlene is not sure how to handle her son's questions about his grandfather's death. How would a psychologist advise Arlene?

answer

She should discuss the topic honestly and at an age-appropriate level.

question

Which of the following statements is an accurate criticism of Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?

answer

She failed to validate the existence of the five-stage sequence.

question

What is the BEST way to grieve?

answer

n/a

question

Terminally ill patients experience different feelings. Younger adults are likely to grieve what they _____; older adults grieve losing what they _____.

answer

might achieve; have

question

In which culture/religion is the grieving process divided into graduated time periods?

answer

Jewish

question

Most psychologists believe that it is best for dying individuals to:

answer

know that they are dying.

question

Marilyn suffers a severe stroke and irreversible brain damage. Her husband decides to remove all life support and subsequently, Marilyn dies. This is an example of:

answer

passive euthanasia.

question

Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?

answer

n/a

question

Not all friendships are healthy or positive. Which of the following friend characteristics is NOT developmentally advantageous?

answer

coercive

question

Whereas girls' friendships in adolescence often focus on intimacy, boys' friendships tend to emphasize:

answer

power and excitement.

question

Jack is often sad, as he just experienced the loss of his favorite pet. His friend Jason frequently makes Jack laugh, and offers to take him to movies, etc. This is an example of which friendship function?

answer

n/a

question

Which play type is characterized by having rules?

answer

games

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In which country do adolescents have the most leisure time?

answer

the United States

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Jacene is never bored with her friends. They seem to attract adventure. This is an example of which friendship function?

answer

stimulation

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Which of the following is increasingly reducing children's time for play?

answer

electronic media

question

To whom are children most likely to turn in times of stress?

answer

parents

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Nan holds the remote control to her ear and pretends to speak on the phone. In which of Bergen's play types is she engaged?

answer

pretense/symbolic

question

Fifteen-year-old Ash doesn't have a close friend. What is a likely outcome of this circumstance?

answer

n/a

question

Todd is playing in his room making creations with building blocks. In which type of play is he engaged?

answer

constructive

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Running, jumping, sliding, and throwing balls are examples of:

answer

practice play

question

Which theory holds the most positive view of the abilities of elderly adults?

answer

activity

question

Two-year-old Mac is playing with his cars. His mother stands at the bedroom door for some time before Mac notices her. In which play type is Mac engaged?

answer

n/a

question

In childhood, friendships are usually based on:

answer

similarities.

question

Daniel Berlyne believes that play helps children:

answer

n/a

question

Compared to adult men, adult women tend to have _____ close friends and friendships that are more _____.

answer

n/a

question

Ted is a U.S. adult looking back on his life. He most likely regrets which of the following?

answer

not engaging in more leisure activities

question

Freud and Erikson believe that play helps children:

answer

master anxieties and conflicts

question

Anne encourages George-Michael to run for class president, assuring him that he is well-liked and capable. This is an example of which friendship function?

answer

ego support

question

Which type of play dramatically increases during the preschool years and involves turn taking, conversations, social games and routines, and physical play?

answer

social

question

Jake feels secure knowing that his friend Steve is available whether the activity is golfing or studying for an exam. This is an example of which friendship function?

answer

companionship

question

Alex is an older adult who frequently attends community meetings, participates in church activities, exercises, and travels with his wife. Alex is:

answer

aging successfully.

question

Jorge retires next month. He has promised to return to train new employees when needed and is looking forward to being more politically involved in the community and devoting more time to his hobbies. This is an example of which aging theory?

answer

activity

question

Kylie loves to watch her older sister playing computer games. She giggles every time the alphabet monster eats a letter. In which type of play (Sumaroka & Bornstein, 2008) is Kylie engaged?

answer

n/a

question

Which of the following is a known benefit of vacation/leisure time?

answer

n/a

question

What percentage of U.S. adults 60 years and older spend no time in leisure activities?

answer

n/a

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