Herbal Supplements w/ nursing interventions – Flashcards
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Immune system: Echinacea
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Immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial
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Echinacea uses
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Used to prevent and treat colds, flu, wound healing, UTIs
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Echinacea side effects
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Immune suppression, tingling sensation and/or unpleasant taste on tongue, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions
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Echinacea nursing considerations
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1. Decreases effectiveness of immunosuppressants 2. Contraindicated in autoimmune diseases 3. Avoid if allergic to ragweed to daisies
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Immune system: Garlic
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Antimicrobial, antilipidemic, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory
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Garlic uses
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1. Used to reduce cholesterol, prevent atherosclerosis, cancer, stroke, and MI 2. Decrease blood pressure, prevent and treat colds and flu
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Garlic side effects
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Flatulence, heartburn, halitosis, irritation of mouth, esophagus, stomach, allergic reaction
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Garlic contraindications
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Contraindicated with peptic ulcer, reflux
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Garlic nursing considerations
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1. May potentiate anticoagulant and anti platelets, antihyperlipidemics, antihypertensives, anti diabetic agents, and herbs with these effects 2. May decrease efficacy of cyclosporine, hormonal contraceptives 3. Avoid if allergic to members of the lily family of plants
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Immune System: Ginseng
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Stimulant and tonic to immune and nervous system
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Ginseng uses
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Used to increase stamina, as aphrodisiac, adjunct chemotherapy and radiation therapy
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Ginseng side effects
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Headache, insomnia, nervousness, palpitations, excitation, diarrhea, vaginal bleeding
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Ginseng contraindications
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May cause headache, tremors, irritability, manic episodes if combined with MAOIS or caffeine
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Ginseng nursing considerations
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1. May falsely elevate digoxin levels; observe for signs usually associated with high digoxin levels 2. May antagonize Coumadin 3. Potentiates antidiabetic agents, steroids, estrogens 4. Caution with cardiovascular disease, hypotension, hypertension, steroid therapy
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Female Reproductive System: Evening Primrose oil
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Anti-inflammatory, sedative, astringent
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Evening Primrose oil uses
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Used for premenstrual and menopausal problems, rheumatoid arthritis, elevated serum cholesterol, HTN, eczema, diabetic neuropathy
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Evening Primrose oil side effects
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Headache, rash, nausea, seizures, inflammation
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Evening Primrose oil contraindications
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Contraindicated for clients with epilepsy, schizophrenia
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Evening Primrose oil nursing considerations
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1. May potentiate anti platelet and anticoagulant meds 2. Increases risk for seizures when taken with phenothiazines, antidepressants
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Musculoskeletal System: Chondroitin
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Collagen synthesis
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Chondroitin uses
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Used for arthritis for cartilage synthesis (with glucosamine)
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Chondroitin side effects
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Dyspepsia, nausea
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Chondroitin nursing considerations
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May potentiate effects of anticoagulants
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Musculoskeletal System: Glucosamine
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Collagen synthesis
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Glucosamine uses
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Used for arthritis for cartilage synthesis (with chondroitin)
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Glucosamine side effects
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Dyspepsia, nausea
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Glucosamine nursing considerations
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May impede insulin secretion or increase resistance
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Neurological system: Capsicum/Cayenne Pepper
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Analgesia, improves blood circulation
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Capsicum/Cayenne Pepper uses
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Used for arthritis, bowel disorders, nerve pain, PAD, chronic laryngitis, personal self-defense spray
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Capsicum/Cayenne Pepper side effects
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GI discomfort, pain in eyes, nose, mouth, and swelling in eyes, skin tissue irritation, cough, bronchospasm
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Capsicum/Cayenne Pepper contraindications
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Avoid if allergic to ragweed or to chili pepper
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Capsicum/Cayenne Pepper nursing considerations
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1. May decrease effective of antihypertensives, increases risk of cough with ACE inhibitors 2. May potentiate anti platelet and anticoagulant meds and herbs 3. May cause hypertensive crisis with MAOIs 4. Increases theophylline absorption
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Neurological system: Feverfew
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Analgesic, antipyretic
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Feverfew uses
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Used for migraine prophylaxis, fever, menstrual problems, arthritis
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Feverfew side effects
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Mouth ulcers, heartburn, indigestion, dizziness, tachycardia, allergic reactions
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Feverfew nursing considerations
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1. Potentiates antiplatelet and anticoagulant meds 2. Do not stop abruptly-cause moderate to sever pain with joint and muscle stiffness 3. Caution if allergic to daisy family of plants
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GI system: Flaxseed
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Laxative, anticholesteremic
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Flaxseed uses
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Used for constipation, decrease cholesterol, prevent atherosclerosis, colon disorders
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Flaxseed side effects
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Diarrhea, flatulence, nausea
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Flaxseed contraindications
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Contraindicated if client has strictures or acute GI inflammation
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Flaxseed nursing considerations
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1. May decrease absorption of oral meds- do not take within 2 hrs 2. Immature flax seeds can be very toxic 3. Increase fluids to minimize flatulence
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GI system: Ginger
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Antiemetic, antioxidant, digestive aid, anti-inflammatory
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Ginger uses
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Used for nausea, vomiting, indigestion, gas, lack of appetite
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Ginger side effects
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Minor heartburn, dermatitis
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Ginger contraindications
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Contraindicated with gallstones
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Ginger nursing considerations
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May potentiate anti platelet and anticoagulant meds, anti-diabetic meds, herbs that increase bleeding times
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GI system: Licorice
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Demulcent (soothes), expectorant, anti-inflammatory
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Licorice uses
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Used for coughs, colds, stomach pains, ulcers
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Licorice side effects
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Hypokalemia, headache, edema, lethargy, HTN, HF (with overdose), cardiac arrest
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Licorice contraindications
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Contraindicated in renal or liver disease, heart disease, HTN -Caution with hormonal contraceptives
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Licorice nursing considerations
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1. Decreases effect of spironolactone 2. Avoid use with digoxin, loop diuretics, corticosteroids
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Genitourinary system: Saw Palmetto
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Mild diuretic, urinary antiseptic
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Saw Palmetto uses
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Used for BPH, increasing sexual vigor, cystitis
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Saw Palmetto side effects
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Constipation, diarrhea, nausea, decreased libido, back pain
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Saw Palmetto nursing considerations
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1. May interact with hormonal meds such as HRT and oral contraceptives 2. May cause false negative PSA test result
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Psychiatric: Chamomile
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Sedative/hypnotic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anti-infective
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Chamomile uses
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Used for stress, anxiety, insomnia, GI disorders
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Chamomile side effects
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Allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, vomiting, depression
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Chamomile nursing considerations
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1. May potentiate sedatives and anticoagulants 2. Avoid if allergic to ragweed, members of daisy family of plants
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Psychiatric: Kava
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Anti-anxiety, sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant
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Kava uses
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Used for anxiety, insomnia, seizure disorders
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Kava side effects
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Hepatotoxicity, psychological dependence, mild euphoria, fatigue, sedation, suicidal thoughts, visual problems, scaly skin reaction
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Kava contraindications
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Contraindicated in Parkinson's, history of stroke, endogenous depression
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Kava nursing considerations
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May potentiate sedative effects of other sedating meds (bentos, barbiturates), anticonvulsants, and herbs (chamomile, valerian)
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Psychiatric: Melatonin
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Hormone from pineal gland
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Melatonin uses
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Used for insomnia, jet lag
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Melatonin side effects
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headache, confusion, sedation, tachycardia
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Melatonin nursing considerations
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1. Potentiates CNS depressants 2. May decrease effectiveness of immunosuppressants, Procardia
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Psychiatric: St. John's wort
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Antidepressant, sedative effects, antiviral, antimicrobial
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St. John's wort uses
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Used for mild to moderate depression, sleep disorders, skin and wound healing
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St. John's wort side effects
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Photosensitivity, fatigue, allergic reactions, dry mouth, dizziness, restlessness, nausea
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St. John's wort contraindications
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Contraindicated for major depression, transplant recipients, clients taking SSRIs (increases risk of serotonin syndrome), MAOIs (increase risk of hypertensive crisis), hormonal contraceptives
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St. John's wort nursing considerations
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1. Usually decreases effectiveness of digoxin, antineoplastics, antiviral, AIDS drugs, anti-rejection drugs, theophylline, Coumadin, hormonal contraceptives 2. May potentiate drugs and herbs with sedative effects 3. Should avoid tyramine in diet, OTC meds
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Psychiatric: Valerian
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Sedative/hypnotic, antispasmodic
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Valerian uses
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Used for insomnia, restlessness, anxiety
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Valerian side effects
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Headache, blurred vision, nausea, excitability
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Valerian contraindications
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Contraindicated in liver disease, may be hepatotoxic
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Valerian nursing considerations
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May potentiate other CNS depressant meds, antihistamines, and sedating herbs
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Cardiovascular system: Gingko
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Enhances cerebral and peripheral blood circulation; anti depressive
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Gingko uses
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Used for dementia, short term memory loss, vertigo, PADs, depression, sexual dysfunction (including from SSRIS)
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Gingko side effects
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Headache, GI upset, contact dermatitis, dizziness
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Gingko nursing considerations
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1. May potentiate anti platelet and anticoagulant meds, ASA, NSAIDS and herbs, which increase bleeding time 2. May potentiate MAOIs 3. May decrease effectiveness of anticonvulsants
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Cardiovascular system: Hawthorn
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Antianginal, antiarrhythmic, vasodilator, antihypertensive, antilipidemic
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Hawthorn uses
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Used for mild to moderate heart failure, hypertension, cholesterol reduction
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Hawthorn side effects
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Nausea, fatigue, sweating
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Hawthorn nursing considerations
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1. May potentiate or interfere with wide range of CV meds used for CHF, angina, arrhythmias, HTN, vasodilation 2. Potentiates digoxin 3. Potentiates CNS depressants 4. Avoid if allergic to members of the rose family of plants
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Respiratory system: Eucalyptus
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Decongestant, anti-inflammtory, antimicrobial, antifungal
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Eucalyptus uses
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Used for coughs, bronchitis, nasal congestion, sore muscles, wounds
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Eucalyptus side effects
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Nausea, vomiting, epigastric burning, dizziness, muscle weakness, seizures
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Eucalyptus contraindications
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Contraindicated with liver disease, inflammation of intestinal tract
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Eucalyptus nursing considerations
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1. Potentiates antidiabetic meds and possibly other herbs that cause hypoglycemia 2. May increase metabolism of any drugs metabolized in liver
