Hematology 101 – Flashcards
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Hematopoiesis
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how blood cells are produced and released into the vasculature. components: stem cells, growth factors, and microenvironment
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Stem cells fxn?
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self renewal & differentiation
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Marrow microenvironment
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very important, most often in BM; many of the growth factors are synthesized in the BM.... aswell as cell-cell interactions
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Kinetics of Hematopoiesis
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many neutrophils (granulocytic) stored in BM.... in case body needs a rapid response
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Sites of hematopoiesis
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liver and spleen are major sites prenatal.... the long bones quickly drop out... and the spleen and liver can resume their role if needed
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Bone Marrow Examination
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aspirate, liquid.. don't see histologic relationships; core biopsy: hollow bore needle.
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BM aspirate site
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core biopsy relatively painless... innervated periosteum.... use analgesics
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BM image
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can be seen in great detail
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Core biopsy image
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~50% fat, 50% cells
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Question
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B on L, A on R.... no hematopoiesis on the R, but it could be resumed if receives BM transplant or system is reconstituted
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Classification of anemias?
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pathophysiological: dec RBC, inc RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias), RBC loss (acute hemorrhage)
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RBC loss
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acute hemorrhage
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Lab evaluation of anemia
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below solid line, only if you already suspect. + BM sample
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Reticulocyte count
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remember equation!
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Which one of the following causes of anemia cannot be diagnosed w/o BM examination? A. autoimmune hemolytic anemia B. chemotherapy w/ a folate antagonist C. myelopthisic anemia D. Iron deficiency anemia E. Thalassemia
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A. coombs test B. careful hx C. MUST do BM D. many studies E. Many
