Health First Aid – Flashcards
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"no one person shall be held legally liable for care administered at the scene of an emergency, outside a medical facility, unless such care constitutes willful and wanton misconduct;" remuneration is an exception. -liable: responsible -willful: deliberate -wanton: cruel -remuneration: being paid
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good samaritan statute
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check the scene
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step one of the first aid decision tree
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1. what happened? 2. is it safe for you to help?
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step two of the first aid decision tree
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check the victim for consciousness (are you all right, are you okay?)
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step three of the first aid decision tree
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victim is conscious
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step four of the first aid decision tree
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get permission from the victim to care for them, provide first aid, call 911 if necessary, and treat for shock
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step five of the first aid decision tree
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the victim is unconcious
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step six of the first aid decision tree
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call 911 and ask for an AED
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step seven of the first aid decision tree
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tilt back head, open airway, cover victim and elevate feet; check for signs of life
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step eight of the first aid decision tree
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has signs of life
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step nine of the first aid decision tree
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care for the victim by treating for shock and tend to bleeding and other injuries; place in recovery position; continue to monitor the victim's condition until medics arrives
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step ten of the first aid decision tree
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has NO signs of life
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step eleven of the first aid decision tree
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care for the victim by starting CPR; give 30 chest compressions for every 2 breaths (30:2); option: apply compressions only
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step twelve of the first aid decision tree
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when an AED arrives, turn it on and follow instructions for use
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step thirteen of the first aid decision tree
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rest: stop the activity you're doing to prevent further damage; do not return to the activity until you have been cleared to do so by a professional
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what does R stand for in RICE?
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ice: place on the injury for 20 minutes for 24 hours; do not place ice directly on skin; ice reduces inflammation
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what does I stand for in RICE?
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compression: place an elastic wrap like an ace bandage or athletic tape around the injured area to reduce inflammation and then immobilize the area to prevent further injury; do not place so tightly that circulation is restricted
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what does C stand for in RICE?
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elevate: prop the injured area up higher than the heart to prevent additional swelling; if not possible to prop higher than the heart, prop as much as possible
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what does E stand for in RICE?
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emergency medical services
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what does EMS stand for?
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to call 911
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whether or not you know first aid or not, what is the most important action you can take in an emergency?
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-wash hands thoroughly with soap and water when you have finished giving care -tell the EMS personnel at the scene whether you came into contact with the person's body fluids -use barriers, such as disposable gloves, between the person's body or body fluids and yourself -use a bandage to cover any cuts, sores, or other skin conditions you may have -do not touch items that have been soiled with blood
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in providing first aid or CPR, it is important to prevent disease transmission. what are the guidelines for avoiding disease transmission?
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50 states
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how many states have the good samaritan laws been enacted in?
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they give legal protection to people who willingly provide emergency care to ill or injured persons without accepting anything in return
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what do the good samaritan laws do?
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these laws protect citizens who act the same way that a "reasonable and prudent person" would if that person were in the same situation
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what do the good samaritan laws protect?
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-ask a conscious person for permission before helping them -check the person for life threatening conditions before providing CPR -call 911 or the local emergency number -continue to give care to the victim until someone more qualified comes to take over
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what would a reasonably prudent person do when providing emergency care to a victim?
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consent
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what is the permission you receive from a conscious person to help them called?
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refuses
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do not give care to a conscious person who ___________ it.
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parent or gaurdian
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in the case that consent is not given you must obtain consent from the __________ or ____________ if present
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call 911 or the local emergency services number if the victim's conditions make it necessary
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what should you do if you are are not given consent to provide care to the person?
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unconscious; care
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if you come across a victim who is ____________ or unable to respond, this means that you can assume that if they cannot respond, they would agree to being given __________ by you or others.
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blood; disposable gloves
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you should clean up a __________ spill immediately. but always wear __________ when doing so.
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1.5 cups of liquid chlorine bleach to 1 gallon of fresh water (1 part bleach, 10 parts water)
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what should your solution consist of when decontaminating the area in which blood was spilled?
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partially remove the first glove by pinching one glove at the wrist being careful to only pull on the glove's soiled, outside surface. pull it down until it is partially inside out but do not remove it completely.
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step one in removing disposable gloves
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with your partially gloved hand, pinch the outside surface of the soiled glove and pull it toward your fingertips until it is inside out. continue to pull until it's removed completely.
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step two in removing disposable gloves
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grasp both gloves with your free hand, touching ONLY the interior surface of the gloves
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step three in removing disposable gloves
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discard both gloves in an appropriate container and wash both hands thoroughly.
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step four in removing disposable gloves
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1. CHECK the scene 2. CALL 911 or the local emergency number 3. CARE for the person
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what are the 3 basic emergency action step?
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scene
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what do you check first, the scene or the victim?
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-the person is pregnant and having a seizure -the person is vomiting up blood -the person is having chest pain or pressure lasting 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes back -the person is having trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way -the person is choking and cannot speak
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what are life threatening conditions that would require you to call 911?
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1968
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when was the 911 service created?
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99%
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about how much of the population in the US is covered by some type of 911 service?
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automatically routes the call to the public service answering point (PSAP)
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basic 911 service
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automatically displays the telephone number, address, and name in which the phone is listed; a cell phone to call 911 may make it difficult for call takers to accurately determine the location of the caller or the emergency
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enhanced 911 service
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many cities have started using 311(or similar) as a number for people to call fir non-emergency situations
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what have many cities done because too many people are making 911 calls that are unnecessary or are emergencies?
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about age 12 or older
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what age is an adult defined as?
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between ages 1 and 12
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what age is a child defined as?
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anyone under the age of 1
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what age is an infant defined as?
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1. check the scene, then check the person 2. obtain consent 3. call 911 for any life-threatening conditions 4. ask the person personal information (name, what happened, pain, allergies, medical conditions, are or drank anything) 5. check head to toe - bleeding, fluids, or wounds; skin color and temperature; medical ID bracelets or necklaces; observable signs of pain 6. continue to monitor airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC's)
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when checking a conscious person, what are the 6 steps to follow?
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open and closed
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what are the two types of wounds?
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most common; caused by rubbing roughly against the skin; do not bleed very much; clean thoroughly with soap and water; cover with dressings; use antibiotics; call 911 if necessary
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abrasions
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a cut in the skin, usually caused by a sharp object; clean thoroughly with soap and water; cover with dressings; use antibiotics; call 911 if necessary
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lacerations
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skin is partially or completely torn away; bleeding is significant; clean thoroughly with soap and water; cover with dressings; use antibiotics; call 911 if necessary
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avulsions
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caused by pointed objects; not much bleeding; pierced through skin; clean thoroughly with soap and water; cover with dressings; use antibiotics; call 911 if necessary
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puntures
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when edges of skin do not fall together, or when the laceration is over 1/2 inches long.
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what is the general rule to follow to determine if someone needs stitches for an open wound?
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1. heat (critical) 2. chemicals 3. electricity 4. radiation
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what are the four classifications of burns?
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-has trouble breathing -has burns covering more than one body part or large surface area -has suspected burns to airway; burns to the mouth or nose may be signs of this -has burns to the head, hands, feet, or genitals -has a full-thickness burn and is younger than age 5 or older than age 60
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you should always call 911 or local emergency number if the burned person...
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1. check the scene for safety 2. remove the person from the source of the burn 3. for chemical burns, carefully remove contaminated clothing and substances 4. check for life-threatening injuries 5. turn off the power/heat source 6. cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water 7. care for shock 8. flush a burned eye with water until EMS arrives 9. do not break blisters 10. cover a 3rd degree (full thickness burn) burn loosely with sterile dressings and call 911
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1st aid procedures for burns
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call 911, open the victim's airway, check for breathing and other signs of life.
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what do you do if a person is unconscious?
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begin CPR by giving 30 compressions for every 2 breaths. When an AED arrives turn it on and follow the instructions it gives.
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what to do if a person shows no signs of life?
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clean the wound with soap and water. Infection may set in since the wound is deep. Seek medical attention for antibiotics or a tetanus shot. DO NOT remove an object that is imbedded in the skin or deep into the body. Seek medical attention for removal of the object.
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what to do if a person has a puncture wound?
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rinse under cool water for at least 10 minutes. Do not peel skin or pop blisters. Keep the effected area clean and dry. A mild burn ointment/spray may be used.
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what to do if a person has a 1st/2nd degree burn?
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wash area with soap and water, keep area clean, apply antibiotic ointment, watch for infection. Seek medical attention if severe.
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what to do if a person has an abrasion or an animal bite?
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cover the wound with a sterile dressing and apply direct pressure until it stops bleeding. Raise the injured part above the heart to slow bleeding down.
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what to do if a person has a cut or laceration?
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call 911. Wrap the area in clean, sterile cloths/ bandages. Do not apply ointments or other remedies. Do not remove clothing that may be adhering to the affected area.
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what to do if a person has a third degree burn?
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stay calm, raise the victim's legs, cover with a blanket or coat. Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink. If not already done so, call 911.
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what do to if a person is in shock?
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what are we checking when trying to determine if someone who's unconscious has signs of life?
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breathing
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check an injured person from head to __________.
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toe
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ask a conscious person if they have any ____________.
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allergies
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check to see if an injured person wears a __________ ID like a bracelet.
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medical
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monitor airway, breathing, __________.
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circulation
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if an unconscious person is breathing, place them in a __________ position.
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recovery
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give a breath every __________ seconds for an infant or child who is not breathing.
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three
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if no __________, call 911
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response
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ask a conscious person what __________.
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happened
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when checking an injured infant or child for injuries, do not separate them from their __________ or guardian.
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parent
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obtain __________ when checking a conscious person
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consent
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open the airway; tilt head back, check for signs of __________.
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life
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when checking an adult, ask "are you __________?"
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okay
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if you're alone with an unconscious child or infant who is not breathing, give them about __________ minutes of care before calling 911.
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two
