Introduction
Obesity is a complex condition whereby the excess fat in the body puts a person in health risk. In the United States, the national data indicates that obesity is increasing in both children and kids. Therefore, there is a need to reverse the trend and eliminate the barriers that make people choose poor lifestyle choices. In New York City, 25 percent of the youth between sixteen and thirty are at a risk of suffering from the condition. Currently, youths rely on junk food due to easy accessibility and preparation making obesity a challenge in terms of controlling it. The competence of a nurse is boosted after caring for an obese patient because one is instilled with intense nursing skills. The main objective of the promotion is to care for obese patients and increase their knowledge on obese issues as well as redu
...ce the health risk. The intended outcome is a reduction of obese patients especially with the young people through creating awareness of the risks and the health issues that are associated with obesity. The paper is going to look at how to prevent obesity among the young people.
Obesity Challenge among the Young People
Obesity is one of the biggest threats to health in America and the risk continues to increase among the youth and children. According to research, the rates of obesity increased over the last thirty years. In the United States, obesity is one of the leading causes of death with the rate of obese young people rising from six percent to nineteen percent over the past twenty-five years. Obesity is associated with other comorbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemia.
The association makes obesity a costly condition to manage with 150 dollars being placed for obesity healthcare in the United States each year (Giannini, and Caprio, 2013). In medical and surgical procedures, obese patients are faced by challenges and complex issues due to other conditions associated with obesity. As a result, obesity plays a huge role in economic and health issues.
Elevated BMI (Body Mass Index) and chronic medical conditions like cancers and diabetes are related according to several studies. BMI is the epidemiologic tool used to approximate the body adiposity although sometimes it is necessary to combine it with WC to provide accuracy. The issue in youngsters is measured using BMI for age percentile. The weight and tallness of the youngster are taken and contrasted with the age of the kid. There are several consequences that result from obesity like cancer risks. It is necessary to intervene and allow heath providers to address the issue (Hockenberry, and Wilson, 2014).
Obesity is for the most part brought on by hereditary components, unfortunate dietary patterns or nonattendance of physical activities. Some of the time restorative conditions, for example, hormonal issues also result in obesity. The environment and financial status likewise have an impact on the issue. TV correlation and superfluous snacks prompt weight gain and unavoidably, obesity. A study in the United States in 2012 showed that more than 33% of the youngsters and youths were either overweight or obese (Sim, et al, 2016). It additionally demonstrated that exclusive two percent of children in the US eat unhealthily. Large kids face numerous dangers which range from long-term to short-term and their futures are lessened. They are at a
danger of having cardiovascular maladies, for example, elevated cholesterol, asthma, and hypertension (American Diabetes Association, 2013). They are at a danger of having joint and bone issues and in addition rest apnea.
Adolescent children who are obese are probably going to contact prediabetes, a condition that demonstrates the probability of creating diabetes (Hockenberry, and Wilson, 2014). Obese youngsters confront social and mental issues, for example, the absence of self-regard and belittling. Youngsters with fat issues are at a high danger of being obese in their grown-up life subsequently, at a danger of heart sicknesses, stroke, diabetes, and osteoarthritis. An examination showed that overweight kids at two years old face a high rate of being fat grown-ups. An obese individual faces the danger of getting several types of cancer, for example, bosom, colon, endometrium, kidney, thyroid, ovary, cervix, prostate, pancreas, and gall bladder disease. Skin conditions like warmth rash, contagious diseases, and skin breakout are now and again connected with obesity (Giannini, and Caprio, 2013).
The target population and setting
There are severe risk factors associated with pediatric obesity and the risks are likely to carry into adulthood. There is an 80 percent likelihood of the adolescent obese being obese adults in future. Obesity is caused by the issue of power control and will with appetite regulation issues and energy metabolism. The young people do not carry out physical exercises. According to a research carried out in the United States, half of the young people between the age of twelve and twenty-one are not vigorously active. The promotion takes place in an outpatient pediatric primary care in Springfield. The population has mixed races of Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians, African-Americans, Native
Americans and others. The average income of the population is approximately forty dollars and the main focus is the young people from the newborns to adolescents of nineteen years (American Diabetes Association, 2013).
Application of the issue in Advanced Nursing practice
Weight-related information is provided to the public by nurses and health providers and as a result, the health provider benefit from continuing education on obesity and issues related to it. Although caregivers are the people who are supposed to care for obese patients, healthcare providers feel that it is hard for the patients to lose weight and follow the instructions without interventions. A health provider assesses the patient including the history and the physical examination as well as the growth of the young person. A behavior assessment is also carried out whereby the eating patterns are assessed and the physical activities especially the time the patient spends on vigorous activities. In regards to nutrition, the health provider is able to assess the feeding patterns and provide recommendations as well as check the progress (Hockenberry, and Wilson, 2014).
In the role of the student, so much knowledge is gained in caring for obese patients. Weight loss interventions are carried out through assessing the environment of the patients since it is believed that most kids are encouraged to overeat by the environmental conditions. Television, computer, and video games inhibit the young people from engaging in vigorous activities and as a result, suffer from weight gain issues. Health providers incorporate healthy lifestyle education to the patients and the family at large to ensure that obesity is managed. Health providers help the patients to develop the skills and help the patients
to change their behaviors in order to manage obesity. Psychological help is given to the patient which also enable the student to progress professionally.
Advanced Practice Nurses considers health promotion as a primary role in nursing practice. Caring for obese patients is one way of promoting health since the main focus is encouraging patients and teaching them to live healthy lifestyles (Jenike, 2013). The students promote health by making sure that the obese patients live healthy lives. The health promotion looks at different aspects of health by identifying the effective and most successful ways of promoting health. In caring for obese patients, the students are able to prevent more cases of obesity since the treatment involves family and the society. Obesity in youngsters can be beerted through a solid way of life which comprises of adhering to a good diet propensities and consistent physical movement brings down the danger of corpulence (Hockenberry, and Wilson, 2014). Treating a kid with obesity comprises a treatment about eating routine, change of practices, physical work out, and medicine or surgery in extraordinary cases.
The general public impacts the dietary and physical practices of kids hence it is important to make psychological and empowerment a sound way of life through the health promotion. The health promotion in obesity involves mind settings of the young people to facilitate a protected and steady environment with practices and rules that motivate sound ways of life. The educational from the healthcare provider offers open doors for patients to find out about sound ways of life and the points of interest (Giannini, and Caprio, 2013). With the assistance of physical activity, the guardians of United States can
be furnished with helpful data, and sound situations can be made. The health promotion urges all natives to take an interest in accomplishing a solid future for the youngsters hence promote health.
Review of literature that addresses Obesity in young people
The rising rate of obesity in young people and overweight issues is associated with other health issues and diseases. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major risks in obese patients and is also one of the major causes of mortality in the United States. Cardiovascular diseases generally describe a range of diseases that are related to the heart like coronary artery disease, infections, arrhythmias, stroke, heart failure and vascular diseases. The main risk factors are metabolic abnormities obese being one of them. Research shows that sixty percent of obese youngsters suffer from at least one cardiovascular illness with more than 25 percent having two risk factors (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Diabetes mellitus type two is one of the rising conditions in the United States and is termed as a serious complication in obese youngsters. The type 2 diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose with insulin deficiency. People as young as twenty and below suffer from the condition requiring primary care intervention in overweight and obese kids and adolescents. The physical and psychological implications brought about by obesity include low esteem and behavioral issues. The implications risk the individuals from being stigmatized and discriminated against because most kids and adolescents are teased and bullied by their age mates. As a result, there can be long-term negative effects like dropping out of school (Hockenberry, and Wilson, 2014).
Another health issue associated with obesity is gastrointestinal issues and it
mostly occurs in women between eighteen and twenty-five years. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and metabolic syndromes are associated with overweight and obesity according to medical research (Jenike, 2013). Fracture and musculoskeletal discomforts are reported by overweight youngsters as well as Blount diseases which are a growth disorder caused by abnormal ossification of the tibia. Research also indicates that approximately fifty percent of the overweight kids and adolescents suffer from obstructive sleep apnea. The weight of fat on the chest and the abdomen can cause hypoventilation syndrome which leads to impaired ventilation occurring mostly in severely obese patients. The symptoms of the disease include restless sleep, snoring, breathing pauses and somnolence during the daytime. About ten percent of obese white children and fifty percent of black obese children suffer from a skin condition known as Acanthosisnigracans whereby the skin has dark areas, body folds, creases and velvety discolorations. The condition diminishes with weight loss and is associated with hyperinsulinemia (Sim, et al, 2016).
Pediatric obesity is associated with risk factors and severe outcomes since the risk of carrying the risks into adulthood is very high, hence, risk assessment and screening involves measuring weight. The causes of obesity are diverse including genetic, cultural, biological and behavioral factors. Health providers assess the weights of all individuals to avoid the risk associated with obesity (Jenike, 2013). The medical assessment includes the physical examination, the history of a child, the growth history and family history related to obesity. The weight interventions involve health lifestyle education for the patient and the family. As a result, children and adolescents are advised to eat at least five servings of fruits or vegetables on a daily
basis and not to use a computer, a television or a video game for more than two hours. Parents and guardians are advised to remove all television in the bedroom and to make sure that the children participate in vigorous physical activities for at least one hour daily. All sugars and sweetened beverages are to be avoided and breakfast is supposed to be taken on a daily basis (Bray, and Bouchard, 2014). There is evidence that weight loss is possible with treatment and weight loss management programs.
Research-based intervention to address the obesity issues among the young people
The research involves enrolling obese patients between the age of ten and nineteen. The information on diets and physical activities is taken from the youngsters involving questionnaires and face-to-face discussions (Jenike, 2013). The information is recorded on the nutrition and knowledge about obesity and the risks that are associated with overweight. The participants and their families will be provided with education related to obesity like healthy eating, vigorous exercises, watching television and making good food choices. The habits related to nutrition practices and physical activities will be identified and specific goals will be set to help in making a change in regards to unhealthy feeding patterns. Information on the BMI of the participants will be taken and recorded and then a follow-up will be made on a constant basis (American Diabetes Association, 2013).
During every follow-up visit, education will be provided involving healthy eating and the importance of physical activities. The education will be based on information like limiting soda and sugars in meals and drinks and limiting time spent on television and computers as well as video games. The
education will also be focused on healthy eating like the importance of having breakfast on a daily basis, avoiding eating away from home and making good food choices. The importance of having the appropriate amount of sleep and reinforcing a positive behavior will be discussed and motivational interviewing to ensure that a positive change is made. The motivation will make sure that the patients are strengthened and committed to making a positive change. The motivation will make use of several methods like open questions, reflective listening, self-exploration, and interviews (Bray, and Bouchard, 2014). The process will be aimed at helping the patients develop positive thoughts and as a result, make a positive change concerning healthy lifestyles and exercises.
The intended outcome of proposed intervention
Obese issues are handled by primary health providers and they have to manage the condition. The main objective of the intervention is to educate the patients and ensure that BMI is reduced through healthy nutrition and physical activities. The intended outcome is a decrease in BMI of the participants as a result of increased physical activities and better lifestyle choices (Sim, et al, 2016). Creation of awareness on the importance of total nutrition and physical activity will help the patients have positive changes in their lives. The activity will promote health for overweight and obese patients and there will be a reduction in nutrient poor foods and increased physical activities as well as reduced time spent on televisions, video games and computers. Due to improved healthy feeding habits, the participants will eat whole grains, fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, and proteins. The beverages will also be healthy like organic drinks with minimal sugars and
sweetened stuff. The unhealthy food stuff will be limited to processed meat, red meat, sweets, refined grains, potatoes, and sweets.
Health behaviors will be promoted and as a result, the other health issues will reduce. For instance, diabetes type two will reduce as well skin compression, fatty liver diseases, and high blood pressure (Hockenberry, and Wilson, 2014). Sleep apnea will also be reduced and the swelling of the legs and feet. People will be more aware of health risks and they will take care of their health and seek services for other conditions like Pap smear, breast and prostate examinations, stool testing, and mammography. The patients will be free to talk about health issues like weight loss. As a result, medical providers will have more opportunities to establish realistic goals with their patients like lowering five percent of body weight. The patients will be more encouraged to work on their weight and will start with simple exercises like walking for ten minutes and making regular exercises. The patients will seek for information and referrals to register in events that support health activities and also be ready to accept themselves and lead full active lives (Bray, and Bouchard, 2014). The health care providers will have more power to help people suffering from overweight issues and obesity and there will be positive changes that foster respect for the obese patients.
Obese patients will have comprehensive lifestyle management procedures after the intervention. The patients will be able to self-monitor themselves regarding caloric intake and physical activities. As a result, they will be able to set their own goals, have stimulus control and prevent relapses. The partnership between the health providers
and the obese patients will be more effective and well managed since the patients will be motivated and the team of health providers will be committed to achieving success. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity complications will be reduced and as a result, healthcare will be promoted (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Self-monitoring will be successful whereby the patients will have food diaries, physical logs, and weight scales to ensure that awareness is created and improved health is acquired. Stimulus control will ensure that environmental cues related to overeating and inactivity are identified and modified. Patients will acquire knowledge on how to deal with stress and tension hence reduces the chances of having relapses. There will be social support as a result of the involvement of the family and the community. People will stop relying on medicines to solve weight issues and instead turn to healthy eating and lifestyle changes and as a result cause a positive change on health.
An evaluation plans to measure efficacy of the intervention proposed
To evaluate the success of the proposed intervention, the obese patients will be tested. The benefits of the intervention will be evaluated by asking the patients how they benefited. The plan will involve the collection of data for a period of time whereby the weights of the obese patients will be measured (Sim, et al, 2016). The quality of life led by the patients will also be assessed and recorded in terms of feeding habits and physical exercises. Since obesity is measured according to the BMI of the patients, a regular check-up will be carried out and recorded. The measurement will involve talking the weights of the patients
and the height with indoor clothing to ensure that collect calculations are made. The waist circumference will also be measured as well as the circumference of the top of the crest and the average measurement will be recorded. Standing electric bioimpedance will be used to measure the lean body mass, fat mass and the percentage of the body fat to ensure that the measurements are reliable. The blood pressure and the rate of pulses will be taken on several occasions like sitting position and a few minutes after rest. The measurements will be used for analysis. The lifestyle modification will be assessed in terms of diet, exercises, and behaviors. The evaluation will take place two years after the intervention to allow the patients to have sufficient time to change their practices (Bray, and Bouchard, 2014). Long-term evaluation will also be conducted to facilitate long-term changes in promotion for lifestyle changes.
Conclusion
Obesity is a chronic condition that affects a lot of young people in the United States. The risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases and mortality is increased with obesity therefore it is necessary to intervene. It is necessary to assess and identify overweight and obese youngsters and formulate a strategy that will help in caring for the obese patients. The youngsters should be provided with education and support to make sure that a positive change is made in regards to obesity. The primary care providers are in a good position to identify the risks associated with obesity and educate the young people appropriately. BMI is the most appropriate method of measuring obesity and it helps healthcare providers to choose intervention programs. Success in intervention programs ensures
that health care is promoted and long-term effects are reduced like cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates. The promotion indicates that health care interventions are effective when administered in the right way and in a timely manner.
References
- American Diabetes Association.(2013). Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus.Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 20(2).
- Bray, G. A., & Bouchard, C. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of Obesity–Volume 2: Clinical Applications (Vol. 2). CRC Press.
- Giannini, C., &Caprio, S. (2013). Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Youths.In Pediatric Endocrinology (pp. 523-535). Humana Press.
- Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2014).Wong's nursing care of infants and children. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Jenike, L. R. (2013). A Primary Care Intervention for Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents.
- Sim, L. A., Lebow, J., Wang, Z., Koball, A., , M. H. (2016). Brief primary care obesity interventions: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, e20160149.
